MHE_Rdg_Wonders_LvRdr_G5_On-Level_U1W3_03.pdf

Narrative NonfictionPAIREDREADThe Journey of Lewis and Clarkby Maria GillProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50CV_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 2CV_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 26/03/12 8:27 AM6/03/12 8:27 AMSTRATEGIES&SKILLSAPhotography Credit:Jeremy Woodhouse/Blend Images LLC,(bkgd)Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images*The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only.Numerals and words in captions,labels,diagrams,charts,and sidebars are not included.Word Count:2,234*ComprehensionStrategy:Ask and Answer QuestionsSkill:Cause and EffectVocabulary StrategyHomographsVocabularydebris,emphasis,encounter,generations,indicated,naturalist,sheer,spectacularContent StandardsSocial StudiesHistory Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but not limited to,network storage or transmission,or broadcast for distance learning.Send all inquiries to:McGraw-Hill EducationTwo Penn PlazaNew York,New York 10121ISBN:978-0-02-119238-0MHID:0-02-119238-3Printed in the United States.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 2IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 26/03/12 8:27 AM6/03/12 8:27 AMEssential QuestionHow can experiencing nature change the way you think about it?PAIREDREADIntroduction .2Chapter 1Verplanck Colvin .4Chapter 2Aldo Leopold.10Conclusion.16Respond to Reading.18The Journey of Lewis and Clark.19Glossary.22Index.23Focus on Social Studies .24by Maria Gillby Maria GillProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 1001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 16/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMHave you ever been to a place that stayed in your memory because it was so special?How would you feelif it were destroyed?Imagine if the rock walls of the Grand Canyon were covered with signs,towns were scattered across its valleys,and trash bobbed up and down in the Colorado River.The millions of tourists who visit the Grand Canyon every year would be disappointed if they couldn t see black bears,bald eagles,or beavers because these animals were extinct.Many people have been so deeply moved by a place they visited that they tried to save it from development.Naturalist Aldo Leopold made sure the Grand Canyon and its wildlife survives for future generations.Verplanck Colvin did the same for the Adirondack Mountains in New York State.The Grand Canyon is 15 miles wide at its widest point.IntroductionProgram:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:502(t bkgd)Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images,(b)Medioimages/Photodisc/Getty Images001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 2001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 26/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMColvin and Leopold realized that logging and building roads destroy precious wilderness areas.Both men recorded what they saw in their journals and told people what would happen if they didn t stop the destruction.Colvin worked to preserve forests in order to protect lakes and waters.He drew maps of the Adirondack Mountains and discovered the source of the Hudson River.Aldo Leopold changed people s ideas about the importance of wildlife and the landscape.He also taught people how to take care of the environment.Cutting down trees and building roads can destroy the wilderness forever.3Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Digital Visiongyggyg001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 3001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 36/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMVerplanck Colvin was born in 1847 in Albany,New York.From a young age,Colvin was interested in nature and loved hiking in the hills near his home.When he was 18,Colvin read a book about one man s adventures in the Adirondack Mountains.The author described fishing in mountain lakes,traveling down fast-moving rivers,and camping in pine forests.The book captured Colvin s imagination,and he set out to explore the Adirondacks himself.Colvin took many trips there,and in 1870,he climbed Mount Seward,one of the highest mountains in the Adirondacks.Colvin wrote about his experience:“There was.wilderness everywhere;lake on lake,river on river,mountain on mountain.”The Adirondack Mountains are north of New York City.Today many people enjoy hiking,fishing,and camping there.Verplanck ColvinChChChChapapapapteteteter r r r 1 1 1 1Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:504(tl)Protect!the Adirondacks and the Adirondack Research Library,(t bkgd)Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images,(b)Digital Vision/PunchStock001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 4001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 46/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMTHE Adirondack Mountains NEW YORK stateHudson riverTHE Adirondack Mountains NEW YORK stateYOeOOOOY Y Y YOOOOY Y Y Y verHudson river roverver r r r ronononHudson riverTHE ADIRONDACKSMt MarcyMt SewardAdirondackslakesRiverskey However,during his expeditions in the Adirondacks,Colvin noticed that large areas of the forests were being logged.He saw the debris left by the loggers and realized that the logging would have terrible consequences.Many of the rivers and waterways in New York State,including the Hudson River,start in the Adirondack Mountains.Snow collects in the mountain forests during the winter.In spring,the snow slowly melts and the run-off feeds the rivers and streams.The forests keep the snow from evaporating or melting too rapidly in the spring.Colvin saw that if too much land were cleared,the source of water for the rivers and streams would be destroyed.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:505001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 5001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 56/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMColvin knew that people in New York depended on the rivers and streams for water and transportation,and he wanted the government to protect the land.On December 16,1870,Colvin carved a chunk of ice from the upper Hudson River.He took the ice to a meeting in New York City and arranged for the ice to be put into everyone s drinking glasses for emphasis.He said:“The ice that tinkles in your goblets,and the pure water which upholds the ice,are both fresh from the head-waters of the Hudson.We must guard our water supply.and maintain the forests which protect the springs at the river sources.”Many loggers lived in the Adirondacks while they were felling trees.6Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50E.F.Keller/CORBIS001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 6001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 66/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMAt this time,there were no reliable maps of the Adirondacks.Colvin believed accurate maps would make it easier to protect the area from development.In 1872,he convinced the government to let him survey and map the entire Adirondack region.This was not an easy task.Colvin and his team hiked across rough land,kayaked along rivers,and climbed over sheer mountains to draw the maps.Colvin even invented a portable boat that he could use to explore rivers.Colvin and his team came close to dangerous wild animals while working in the mountains.Once Colvin wrestled with a 7-foot-tall black bear,and another time,he shot a panther that was stalking him.To create a map,the surface of the land needs to be measured and drawn.This is called surveying.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:507Protect!the Adirondacks and the Adirondack Research Library001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 7001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 76/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMHow to Measure a MountainColvin used a surveying method called triangulation.He positioned his men around the mountain.He measured a line(from point A to point B)using a chain(measuring 66 feet in length)as a tape measure.Then from the top of the mountain(point C),Colvin used a telescope to figure out the angles between the three points.He used those angles to figure out the distances between the points.These calculations also gave him the height of the mountain.“But how wild and desolate this spot!.First seen as we then saw it,dark and dripping with the moisture of the heavens.”Verplanck ColvinColvin spent 30 years surveying and mapping the Adirondacks.He sketched,mapped,and wrote notes in his journal about every lake,river,and forest he walked through.Colvin named many great and unknown lakes in the Adirondack area.He followed the Hudson River to find out where it began and was the first person to discover its source,Lake Tear of the Clouds.This drawing shows Colvin and his team at Lake Tear of the Clouds.8Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Protect!the Adirondacks and the Adirondack Research Library001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 8001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 86/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMACBAs he was working on the maps,Colvin was also lobbying people in the government to preserve the land.He wrote newspaper editorials explaining why it was important to protect the Adirondacks.Finally Colvin and other naturalists succeeded in having the area named a park in 1892.Then in 1894,a law was passed that said the park was to be“forever kept as wild.”None of the land could ever be developed.Colvin died in 1920,but people still enjoy what he left behind:the natural wilderness of Adirondack Park.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:509(br)Michael Melford/Getty Images001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 9001_009_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 96/03/12 10:18 AM6/03/12 10:18 AMThis stream is part of a wilderness area inside the Apache National Forest.Like Verplanck Colvin,Aldo Leopold loved the outdoors.Leopold was born in 1887 in Burlington,Iowa.From an early age,Leopold loved to set out with his dog to explore the woods near his home and to go hunting with his father.Sometimes on the way to school,the boy spent so much time looking at wildlife that he was late for class.Leopold decided to study forestry in college.After graduating in 1909,Leopold got his first job,as a forest assistant in the Apache National Forest in Arizona.Leopold was enchanted with the mountains that sloped down to meadows dotted with wildflowers.After work,he enjoyed hunting game,such as deer and ducks,and mapping the area.AldoLeopoldChChChChapapapapteteteter r r r 2 2 2 210Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50DesignPics/RavenRegan(tl)Aldo Leopold Foundation,(t bkgd)Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images,(br)George H.H.Huey/CORBIS010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 10010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 106/03/12 8:25 AM6/03/12 8:25 AMAs a ranger,Leopold shot mountain lions.Later he fought to protect them.Leopold wanted to protect game animals.To do that,he believed that the forests they lived in needed to be preserved.He wrote that people needed to consider“the effect on the forest”before they developed land.Leopold also felt that if game animals weren t managed,there wouldn t be enough of them for people to hunt.People needed to keep track of how many animals there were and not hunt animals that were too few in number.Leopold,like many people at that time,also believed that game animals needed to be protected from predators,such as wolves,coyotes,foxes,and bears.If the predators were not controlled,there would not be enough game to hunt.Leopold was in favor of people shooting animals that killed game animals.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:5011Design Pics/Raven Regan010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 11010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 116/03/12 8:25 AM6/03/12 8:25 AMLater in his life,Leopold learned that wolves were an important part of the forests ecosystem.It wasn t until 25 years later when Leopold traveled to Mexico on a hunting trip that he changed his ideas about predators.He saw that the forest where he was hunting was an“unspoiled wilderness.”This contrasted with the forests he had known.Leopold asked himself what the difference was between the two environments.He realized that predators are an important part of the forest ecosystem.If you remove them from the forest,you upset the balance in the ecosystem.12Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50Nature Picture Library/Alamy010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 12010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 126/03/12 8:25 AM6/03/12 8:25 AM“You cannot love game and hate predators The land is one organism.”Aldo Leopold Leopold saw the effects of this in the forests of Wisconsin when he took a job there in 1924.Deer and other game animals had been protected,while wolves and mountain lions had been shot to near extinction.The deer population exploded.In 1942,Leopold took people into wilderness areas to show them the effects of killing off predators.He showed them the damage that deer had done to forests by eating all the plants in their reach.The destruction of the plant life indicated that there were too many deer in the area.To bring the deer population under control,Leopold asked the state of Wisconsin to encourage people to hunt deer.He also asked people to stop killing wolves so that their numbers would increase.For a while,his ideas were unpopular,but people came to understand that he was right.If not controlled,deer can do a lot of damage to a forest.13Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:50(bl)Corel Corporation,(br)Design Pics/Don Hammond010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 13010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 136/03/12 8:25 AM6/03/12 8:25 AMIn addition to protecting wildlife,Leopold campaigned to protect the landscape.On a trip to the Grand Canyon in 1915,he was shocked to see the state of the park.Hotels and stores stretched along the newly built roads,trash lined the trails,and sewage ran into the river.He realized that this was not good for the wildlife.Leopold wrote a plan that allowed people to enjoy the canyon while preserving the landscape and wildlife there.Two years later,in 1919,the Grand Canyon became a national park.Millions of people visit the Grand Canyon today.There are laws that protect the park from pollution and damage by tourists.Program:CR 14Component:LRG5 U1 W3 OPDFVendor:Learning MediaLevel:5014Image Source010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 14010_018_CR14_LR_G5_U1W3L50_O_119239.indd 146/03/12 8:25 AM6/03/12 8:25 AMAldo Leopold walks with his dog.The Gila National Forest has spectacular scenery.Leopold began to think about how he could protect forests.He realized that people needed to stop cutting down trees.Preserving forests would encourage people to“get back to