CHAPTER7MitochondriaandPeroxisome线粒体和过氧化物酶体线粒体和过氧化物酶体Theresearchofmitochondrialfunction◆Earlyin1850,KÖlliker:osmoticphenomenon.◆In1900，Michaelis,JanusgreenB(詹纳斯绿),livercells:oxygen:Indicatorblue◆In1913，Warburgseparatedmitochondriafromcellhomogenate(细胞匀浆)anddiscoveredthatitcouldconsumeo2.◆Earlyin1940s，Claudeinventedtheisolationtechnique,obtainedmitochondriausingsaltextractiontechniques.◆In1948,GeorgeHogeboom,WalterSchneiderandGeorgePaladeobtainedactivatedmitochondriausingsugarextractiontechniques.◆KenedyandLehninger:tricarboxylicacidcycle（三羧酸循环），electron-transport，oxidativephosphorylation（氧化磷酸化），fattyacidoxidation(脂肪酸氧化).◆in1950s，G.Palade,K.PorterandF.Sjostrand等--electronmicroscope:ultrastructure(超微结构)OUTLINE●Mitochondriastructure●Mitochondriaproteinlocalization●Mitochondriafunction---oxidativephosphorylation●Mitochondriaproliferation●Peroxisomes1.StructureofMitochondria(1)Shape:Granular(粒状),bacilliform(杆状)orelongatedcylinderswithadiameterof0.5～1.0µm.(2)Thenumberanddistribution◆Number:obviousdifferenceindifferenttypesofcells:1000--2000MiinlivercellsandnoMiinmammalmatureredbloodcells.◆Distribution:theregionsrequiringenergy:fatdropletandspermtail.鞭毛轴丝肌原纤维(3)UltrastructureofMitochondria（外室）（内室）Outermembrane◆Lipid/protein(6nmthick):1:1--richporins（孔蛋白）forminglargewater-filledchannels:likeasievepermeabletoallhydrophilicmoleculesoflessthan5kDa.◆TOMcomplexes（translocatorcomplexesofoutermembrane）andsomespecialenzymes.◆Markerenzyme----Monoamineoxidase(单胺氧化酶):catalyzingoxidativedeaminization(氧化脱氨)ofmonoamine(单胺).Innermembrane（6-8nmthick）◆Lipid/protein:---highproportionofcardiolipin(心磷脂):themembraneimpermeabletoions.◆usuallyhighlyconvoluted--formingaseriesofinfoldings(cristae-嵴)projectingintothematrixandcoveredwithmanygranum(基粒：基本颗粒,elementaryparticle).双磷脂酰甘油◆manytypesofproteinsforenergyconversion:electron-transportchain,ATPsynthase...
