ImmunotechnologyXiaomingChenSchoolofLaboratoryMedicine&LifeScienceE-mail:xmc@wzmc.edu.cnWhatisBiotechnology?“bio’-theuseofbiologicalprocesses‘technology’-tosoloveproblemsormakeusefulproducts‘Modern’biotechnology–theuseofcellularandmolecularprocessestosolveproblemsormakeusefulproductsBiotechnologyisacollectionoftechnologiesthatcapitalizeontheattributesofcellsandbiologicalmolecules,suchasDNAandproteins.Biotechnologyusedtobedefinedas–‘usingmicroorganismstomakeproductsusefultoman’andsowouldhaveincludedsuchthingsase.g.breadmaking,beermakingetc.Nowithasbeenrevisedto‘theuseofcellularandmolecularprocessestosolveproblemsortomakeusefulproducts’EmergingAreasinBiotechnologyBiosensorsGenomics/BioinformaticsEnzymetechnologyGenetictechnologyImmuno-technologyPrecipitationAssaysCombinationofAbwithAgresultsinlatticeformationandprecipitationifthereissufficientAgandAb（equivalence),ThesereactionsarethebasisforqualitativeandquantitativeassaysforAgorAb,includingradialimmunodiffusionandimmunoelectrophoresis.electroimmunodiffusionflocculationtestgeldiffusiontestimmunodiffusionpolyacrylamidesinglediffusiontestAgglutinationAssaysAgglutinationinvolvestheinteractionOfsurfaceAgsOninsolubleparticles（e.g.，cells）andspecificAbtotheseAgs。Agglutinationcanbeusedtodeterminebloodtypes;thepresenceofAbtobacteriainserumisanindicationofpreviousorcurrentinfection;andintheCoomb'stestautoantibodiestoerythrocytescanbeassayed.ThepresenceandconcentrationofaspecificAgorofanAbtoaspecificAginsolutioncanbedeterminedbyradioimmunoassays(RIA)orenzymelinkedimmunoabsorbentassays(ELISA)..ImmunofluorescenceandFlowCytometryImmunofluorescence(IF)isacommonlyusedlaboratorymethodfordetectionofantigensofcellsandtissues.Ifantibodymoleculesaretaggedwithafluorescentdye,orfluorochrome,immunecomplexescontainingthesefluorescentlylabeledantibodies(FA)canbedetectedbycoloredlightemissionwhenexcitedbylightoftheappropriatewavelength.Antibodymoleculesboundtoantigensincellsortissuesectionscansimilarlybevisualized.Theemitted...
