Ether第十一章醚OrganicChemistryA(1)ByProf.LiYan-MeiTsinghuaUniversityContentContentContentContent11.1Structureandnomenclature11.2PhysicalandSpectralproperties11.3Chemicalreactions11.4Preparation11.5Epoxides11.6Sourceandusages11.1.1Structure11.1.2Classification11.1.3Nomenclature11.1Structureandnomenclature11.1.1Structure结构ORR'OHCH3OHHOH3CCH3Bondangle105o108.9o111.7oOatomsp3hybridizationtwounsharedpair11.1.2Classification分类ORR'R=R’Symmetricether/Simpleether简单醚R≠R’Asymmetricether混合醚ORconnectedwithR’Epoxide环醚（环氧化物）11.1.3Nomenclature命名(A)无环单醚ODiethyletherDiphenyletherOmethylethyletherOisobutylsecbutylether普通命名法甲基乙基醚异丁基仲丁基醚IUPAC定主链定主链编号编号书写书写OO123OO1,2-dimethoxyethane1,2-二甲氧基乙烷OO3-methoxyprop-1-eneOcyclopentyloxybenzenemethoxyethaneOOHOCH3OHOHOH4,6-dimethoxyhexane-1,2,3,5-tetraol多羟基化合物醚的命名法OCH3OHOCH3OCH3OHOCH3OHglycolmethyletherglycoldimethyletherglycenol-1-methyletherOCH3OHOHglycenol-2-methyletherOCH3OCH3OHglycenol-1,2-methylether乙二醇一甲醚乙二醇二甲醚丙三醇-2-甲醚丙三醇-1-甲醚丙三醇-1,2-二甲醚(B)环醚（环氧化物）：“环氧某烃”OOCH3OCH2ClOO环氧乙烷oxirane1,2-环氧丙烷1,2-epoxypropane3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane1,3-环氧丙烷1,3-epoxypropane1,4-环氧丁烷1,4-epoxybutaneOOO1,4-dioxanetetrahydrofuran1,4-二氧六环四氢呋喃Crownether冠醚m-crown-nm-冠-nx:thetotalnumberofatomsinthering环的总原子数y:thenumberofoxygenatoms环中的氧原子数OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO12-crown-412-冠-4OOOOOO18-crown-618-冠-611.2PhysicalandSpectralproperties11.2.1Physicalproperties醚分子间不形成氢键，但可与水分子形成氢键非直线型：极性分子比重大，闪点低乙醚可作为麻醉剂11.2.1Spectroscopicdata11.3.1Autooxidation11.3.2Basicity11.3.3Etherbondcleavage11.3.4Claisenrearrangement11.3Chemicalreactions11.3.1Autooxidation自动氧化OHO2OOOHpolymerizeOOn过氧化物的鉴别：1，淀粉碘化钾试剂Starchiodidepaper2，硫酸亚铁－氰化钾试剂氢过氧化乙醚过氧化乙醚（爆炸性极强）处理：蒸馏前先加入5％FeSO4洗至无过氧化物预防：加入对苯二酚或二乙基氨基二硫代...
