Cycloalkanes第四章环烷烃OrganicChemistryA(1)ByProf.LiYan-MeiTsinghuaUniversityContentContentContentContent4.1Classification,Isomerizationandnomenclature4.2Structureofcycloalkanes4.3Physicalproperties&spectrumdata4.4Chemicalproperties4.5Preparation(learnonyourown)4.1Classification,Isomerizationandnomenclature4.1.1Classification4.1.2Isomerism4.1.3Nomenclature4.1.1ClassificationBythesizeofthering按环的大小SmallringsMediumringsCommonringsLargeringsC3~C4C8~C12C5~C7C13~Bythesaturation按不饱和度CnH2nCnH2n-2CnH2n-4Cycloalkanes环烷Cycloolefines环烯Cycloalkynes环炔Monocycliccompounds单环Bythenumberoftherings按环的数目Polyringcompounds多环Fusedring稠环Bridgedring桥环Spirorings螺环两环之间共用一个碳原子两环之间共用一根共价键（共用两个直接相连的碳原子）两环之间共用两个不直接相连的碳原子螺原子桥头碳Todefinethenumberoftherings:Thenumberofcuttingyouneedtogetachainmoleculeoutofapolyringcompound几环？将桥（稠）环烃变为链状化合物时需要断裂的碳链数。如需断裂两次，则为二环化合物，断裂三次则为三环化合物。SomeinterestingbridgingcompoundsCubane立方烷Primane棱烷Diamentane金刚烷篮烷4.1.2IsomerismConstitutionalisomersarederivatedfromthechangeofsizeofringsandlengthofsidechainsC5H10环的大小及侧链长短与位置变化4.1.3Nomenclature命名4.1.3.1Monocyclicalkane单环烷烃1,Whenthesidechainisnotverycomplicate:当支链不复杂时，以环烷烃为母体methylcyclopentane2-ethyl-4-methyl-1-propylcycloheptane1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentane1,2-dimethylcyclopentane1,2-二甲基环戊烷甲基环戊烷1-甲基-3-乙基环戊烷4-甲基-3-乙基-1-丙基环己烷2,Whenthesidechainiscomplicateordifficulttoname:当支链较复杂或不易命名时，以环烷基为取代基3-cyclohexylhexane3-环己基己烷3,Whentworingsareconnected两环相连时Cyclopropylcyclohexane环丙基环己烷Cyclopropylcyclopropane环丙基环丙烷4,Cisandtransisomerism:CH3CH3HHCH3HCH3HCH3CH3CH3CH3Cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexaneTrans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexaneHowtonamethiscompound?CH3CH3CH34.1.3.2Polyringalkane多环烷烃1,Spirocycloalkanes螺环烃11）选母体：根据成环的总碳原子数，称为“螺某烷”。）选母体：根据成环的总碳原子数，...
