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第2章——技术题3.a.SincedepreciationD=Ig-In=800-200=600==>NDP=GDP-D=6,000-600=5,4003.b.FromGDP=C+I+G+NX==>NX=GDP-C-I-G==>NX=6,000-4,000-800-1,100=100.3.c.BS=TA-G-TR==>(TA-TR)=BS+G==>(TA-TR)=30+1,100=1,1303.d.YD=Y-(TA-TR)=5,400-1,130=4,2703.e.S=YD-C=4,270-4,000=2704.a.S=YD-C=5,100-3,800=1,3004.b.FromS-I=(G+TR-TA)+NX==>I=S-(G+TR-TA)-NX=1,300-200-(-100)=1,200.4.c.FromY=C+I+G+NX==>G=Y-C-I-NX==>G=6,000-3,800-1,200-(-100)=1,100.Also:YD=Y-TA+TR==>TA-TR=Y-YD=6,000-5,100==>TA-TR=900FromBS=TA-TR-G==>G=(TA-TR)-BS=900-(-200)==>G=1,100第三章——技术题1.a.AccordingtoEquation(2),thegrowthofoutputisequaltothegrowthinlabortimesthelaborshareplusthegrowthofcapitaltimesthecapitalshareplustherateoftechnicalprogress,thatis,Y/Y=(1-)(N/N)+(K/K)+A/A,where1-istheshareoflabor(N)andistheshareofcapital(K).Thusifweassumethattherateoftechnologicalprogress(A/A)iszero,thenoutputgrowsatanannualrateof3.6percent,sinceY/Y=(0.6)(2%)+(0.4)(6%)+0%=1.2%+2.4%=+3.6%,1.b.Theso-called"Ruleof70"suggeststhatthelengthoftimeittakesforoutputtodoublecanbecalculatedbydividing70bythegrowthrateofoutput.Since70/3.6=19.44,itwilltakejustunder20yearsforoutputtodoubleatanannualgrowthrateof3.6%,1.c.NowthatA/A=2%,wecancalculateeconomicgrowthasY/Y=(0.6)(2%)+(0.4)(6%)+2%=1.2%+2.4%+2%=+5.6%.Thusitwilltake70/5.6=12.5yearsforoutputtodoubleatthisnewgrowthrateof5.6%.2.a.AccordingtoEquation(2),thegrowthofoutputisequaltothegrowthinlabortimesthelaborshareplusthegrowthofcapitaltimesthecapitalshareplusthegrowthrateoftotalfactorproductivity(TFP),thatis,Y/Y=(1-)(N/N)+(K/K)+A/A,where1-istheshareoflabor(N)andistheshareofcapital(K).Inthisexample=0.3;therefore,ifoutputgrowsat3%andlaborandcapitalgrowat1%each,thenwecancalculatethechangeinTFPinthefollowingway3%=(0.3)(1%)+(0.7)(1%)+A/A==>A/A=3%-1%=2%,thatis,thegrowthrateoftotalfactorproductivityis2%.2.b.Ifbothlaborandthecapitalstockarefixedandoutputgrowsat3%,thenallthisgrowthhastobecontributedtothegrowthinfactorproductivity,thatis,A/A=3%.3.a.Ifthe...