1_1. 讲解部分PPT.pptx

高考英语,新高考专用,第一部分词类专题四介词,知识清单介词专讲考点一介词的分类,考点二常见介词的用法1.about的用法,2.above的用法,3.against的用法,4.as的用法,5.at的用法,6.beyond的用法,7.by的用法,8.for的用法,9.from的用法,10.in的用法,11.of的用法,12.on的用法,13.over的用法,14.than的用法,15.to的用法,16.under的用法,17.until的用法,18.with的用法,考点三常见易混介词辨析1.above,over与on,例句The sun is above the mountain in the east.太阳在东方的山上方。There is a heavy box over your head.你的头上方有一个重盒子。There are some stamps on the desk.书桌上有些邮票。,2.across,over,through与past,例句The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across the deserts,over the mountains,through the valleys,till at last it reaches the sea.长城从西到东,穿过沙漠,越过高山,跨过山谷,蜿蜒而行,最后到达海边。The crowd walked past the City Hall to the Centre Square.这群人走过市政厅到达中心广场。,3.among与between,例句Tom was among the competitors who won the competition.汤姆是赢得比赛的参赛者之一。Young children are often advised not to spoil their appetite by eating sweets between the three meals.幼儿经常被建议不要在三餐间吃糖果,以免影响食欲。,4.at,in与on表示地点,例句He arrived at the village towards evening.快到晚上时他到达了那个村庄。My uncle lives at 105 Green Street.我叔叔住在格林大街105号。He arrived in Beijing on Wednesday.他星期三到达了北京。We found a square hole in the wall.我们在墙上发现了一个方形的洞。Put it down on the table.把它放在桌子上。,5.before,in front of与in the front of,例句A comes before B in the alphabet.在字母表中,A位于B之前。There is a big tree in front of the house.房前有一棵大树。He sat in the front of the bus.他坐在公共汽车的前面。,6.in,on与to在方位名词前例句Fujian lies in the southeast of China.福建在中国的东南部。Hubei is/lies on the north of Hunan.湖北位于湖南的北面。Fujian Province lies to the south of Jiangsu Province.福建省在江苏省的南面。,7.after与behind两者都表示“在之后”。after通常指时间先后的顺序,behind通常指位置。例句Winter comes after autumn.秋去冬来。Behind the hospital lies a river.医院后面有一条河。,8.after与in,例句He left home and went to the front after two days/two days later.两天后,他离开了家去了前线。He will be back from abroad in three days.他3天后从国外回来。,温馨提示1.in the past意为“在过去”,与过去时态的谓语动词连用。2.“in the past/last+时间段”意为“在过去的中/内”,表示从现在算起过去的一段时间,常与现在完成时连用。In the past,trains were pulled by steam engines.过去火车是由蒸汽机驱动的。He has made rapid progress in the past three months.在过去的3个月里他进步很快。,9.at,on与in表示时间,例句at noon/night/dusk/daybreak在中午/晚上/黄昏/黎明at 10 oclock在10点on October 1st在十月一日on the morning of January 4th在一月四日的上午in October在十月in the 1990s在20世纪90年代in the morning在上午,10.by与before1)by后接时间点,表示“不迟于某时”,包括某时在内。by后若是将来的时间,则与一般将来时或将来完成时连用;如果是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。例句Ill finish eating by nine oclock.我会在9点前吃完饭。I had learned more than 2,000 words by the end of last term.到上学期期末,我已经学了2,000多个单词。2)before后接时间点,表示“在某时之前”,不包括某时。例句Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library.在我们旅行之前的几个月,我和王伟去了图书馆。,11.during,through与over,例句He swims every day during the summer.在夏天他每天都游泳。Tom was brave through his fathers illness.在父亲生病期间,汤姆很勇敢。We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas.他将在威尔士过圣诞。,12.for,from与since,例句Mr.Li enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years.李先生喜欢乡村生活,并在那里住了差不多15年。My younger brother began to learn singing from the age of five.我的弟弟从5岁便开始学习唱歌了。I have been translating the book since last year.我从去年就一直在翻译这本书。,13.at与to表示行为对象1)at同某些动词连用,常表示攻击的目标,含有恶意。He shouted at me.他对我大吼大叫。2)to只表示方向,并无恶意。I threw the ball to him.我把球扔给他。,14.at,with,for,from与over表示原因1)at常表示某种情绪的起因,通常在系动词后和表示喜、怒、吃惊等的形容词或过去分词连用。You didnt look very surprised at the news of his failure.对他失败的消息你看上去并不是很吃惊。2)with表示由于某种感情或身体状况而使某人有某种表现或行为。Her face went red with anger.她气得脸都红了。3)for多与含有感情的抽象名词或动词-ing及reason,famous等词连用。The West Lake is famous for its scenery.西湖以它的景色而闻名。,4)from常接抽象名词,表示自然原因。She felt sick from tiredness.她累得想吐。5)over常用于带有感情色彩的词,如cry,quarrel,laugh,sigh,argument,concern等之后,叙述所发生事情的原因。These men quarreled over money.这些人为了钱吵了起来。,15.as与like在表示职业、身份或用途等时,as意为“作为,当作”,表示比较的双方具有同一性;而like意为“像一样,如同”,只表示在某方面相似。例句He worked as a slave.他是奴隶。He worked like a slave.他像奴隶一样工作。,16.by,with,in与through表示“方式,方法,手段”,考点四一些含介词的搭配serve as 充当buy sth.for+金额 用多少钱买某物compete for竞争search for寻找be based on以为基础account for解释be associated with与相关联introduce sth.to sb.向某人介绍某物come up with想出look forward to期待,take part in参加concentrate on专注于be/get absorbed in专注于,沉溺于worry about担心give rise to引起,使发生go to sb.向某人求助;到某人那里去turn to sb.for help向某人求助come to.来到fall in love with爱上choose from从中选择share sth.with sb.和某人分享某物,focus on专注于do well in 擅长wait for 等待explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事burst into laughter突然大笑起来provide sb.with sth.为某人提供某物join in 参加make up ones mind to do sth.下决心做某事keep to oneself 离群索居,不与人来往be driven by受驱使go back to 追溯到,回溯到,leave.for.离开去take.into account考虑到go/carry on with继续belong to属于when it comes to.提到时benefit from/by得益于be concerned with 关心be dressed in.穿着be/get familiar with对熟悉be popular with/among.受欢迎be content with对感到满意,be fit for 适合be thankful for感谢have an influence on/upon.对有影响on the edge of.在的边缘on earth 究竟;在世界上in exchange for 作为对的交换have an effect on/upon对起作用/有影响attitude to.对的态度to ones relief/surprise 令某人欣慰/惊讶的是method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法answer/key to.的答案/关键degree in.学位,单句填空介词专练1.Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species,bringing pro-tection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.(2022新高考)2.He flew 4,700 kilometers Xian to Kashgar on Sept.20.(2022全国甲)3.May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which was named officially the United Nations on November 27th,2019.(2022全国乙)4.It was built originally to protect the city the Tang dynasty,and has now been completely restored(修复).(2021全国甲)5.Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s.(2021全国乙)6.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types trips are now being classified as eco-tourism.(2021全国乙)7.In 1844 they bought it$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.(2021浙江6月)8.Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements.(2020新高考),9.The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so the familiar near side.(2020全国)10.Bamboo plants are associated health,abundance and a happy home.(2020全国)11.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist earth,Mother Nature.(2020全国)12.Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived,through agriculture.(2020浙江7月)13.Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.(2019全国),14.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs,seven to be exact.(2019全国)15.The answerthis question is not clear.(2019浙江6月)16.I was searchingthese three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.(2018全国)17.If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums homedinner,get a few cooking tips from her.(2018浙江6月)答案1.as2.from3.by4.in5.until6.of7.for8.for9.than10.with11.on12.in13.of/for14.of15.to16.for17.for,1.Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes its excellent venue(场地)services during the Games.(2022广东佛山二模)2.ancient times,the Chinese fan has been carrying artistic and unique national style.(2022福建泉州四校联考)3.Its hard to imagine what your favorite song would be like a chorus(副歌).(2022山东临沂一模)4.The above reasons all account the endangerment of the hawksbill sea turtle.(2022河北唐山二模)5.Dressed festive costumes,Wang held a balloon with Chi-,nese character“Fu”,meaning good luck.(2022山西太原一模)6.For those not familiar farm life,Julian Sanchez,Deeres di-rector of emerging technologies,says that tillage(耕地)is an important,time-consuming,and tiring process of preparing the soil for next seasons plant-ing.(2022河北衡水二模)7.The birds take the collected trash to special bins where they can receive bird food in exchange putting away the litter.(2022广东深圳一调)8.As part of the schools social studies project,students get to learn about the history of local time-honored brands and even act as tour guides introducing original hutong culture,the citys network of traditional alleys,visitors.(2022福建泉州二检)9.A successful merchant during the Qing Dynasty,Li Daquan,was visited by a friend who came up a novel idea.(2022山东枣庄二模)10.Someone“updated”the superstars social media April 1 to promote his sports fantasy novel,The Wizenard Series:Season One,to his fans around the globe.(2021重庆预测性考试一)11.The writers often underestimated(低估)the positive effect that the emails would havethe receivers.(2021广东七校联合体联考二)12.Though the full stop has taken on a different meaning to the younger gen-eration,specialists noted that it is important to take the language environ-ment account.(2021山东潍坊期中),13.Every single interaction or conversation,from buying a bus ticket making new friends will be in this language.(2021广东新高考适应性测试)14.Craftsmen normally paint animals and flowers on a stone board syrup(糖浆).(2021福建福州八县市协作校联考)答案1.for2.Since3.without4.for5.in6.with7.for8.to9.with10.on11.on/upon12.into13.to14.with,语篇填空介词专练Passage 1(2019浙江6月改编)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all,uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong 1.a particular group.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody has to worry 2.fashion(时尚).Everybody wears the same style 3.clothes.Uniforms can be useful 4.unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an inter-esting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth that gives off light 5.the dark.When the children are walking or cycling to school 6.dark mornings,car drivers can easily see,them.But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 7.this question is not clear.One study in America found that students grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some stu-dents didnt want to wear the uniform.Other American studies showed no connection 8.uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are traditional in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy.How-ever,uniforms are still popular 9.parents and students.Pupils 10.about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uni-forms.,答案语篇解读 文章介绍了校服的好处及其使用情况。1.to2.about3.of4.in5.in6.on7.to8.between9.with/among10.at/in,Passage 2(2017全国改编)She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward 1.the challenge of her new A-lev-el course.But 2.(like)her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting.Instead,she is earning 6,500 a day 3.a model in New York.Sarah has been told that she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to model full-time.But Sarah,who has taken part 4.shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on 5.her education.,She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concen-trate 6.her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going 7.university to get a degree 8.engineering or architecture.Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But 9.the moment,school comes first.I dont want to get too absorbed 10.modeling.It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”,答案语篇解读 文章介绍了16岁的中学生Sarah在模特界崭露头角却依然以学业为重的故事。1.to2.unlike3.as4.in5.with6.on7.to8.in9.at10.in,Passage 3(2017浙江6月改编)Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahls-son pulled out a handful 1.small carrots and was about to throw them away.But something made her look closer,and she noticed a shining object.Yes,next 2.the leafy top 3.one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running 4.the house.“She thought I had hurt myself,”says Pahlsson.Sixteen years earlier,Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back 5.her finger lat-er,it was gone.She suspected that one 6.her three daughters,then ten,eight,and sixhad picked it up,but the girls said they hadnt.Pahlsson and her husband searched 7.the ring in the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope 8.finding my ring again,”she says.She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept 9.a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,where it re-mained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.10.Pahlsson,its return was a wonder.,答案语篇解读 文章讲述了Lena奇迹般地从自家的菜园里找到了她丢失了十六年的戒指的故事。1.of2.to3.of4.from5.on6.of7.for8.of9.into10.For/To,Passage 4(2021山东济南外国语学校检测改编)1.Oct.15,2018,one of the two co-founders of Microsoft,Paul Allen,died 2.age 65 from cancer.When it comes 3.Microsoft,the first person we think of is Bill Gates,the other co-founder 4.the firm.However,Allen was just as important to the creation of the company.Allen was,many peo-ple say,a much quieter person.He was content 5.the science side of things,while Gates has the better head 6.business.When the pair started Microsoft 7.the mid-1970s,they fo-cused 8.the microcomputer industry.Microcomputers were small computers designed to be used in the home.What they lacked,though,was an operating system,which was where Microsoft came in.The companys big break came in 1981,when Microsoft introduced the MS-DOS operating system.Later came Windows.After Allen passed away,Bill Gates made a statement to praise Allen,“Even in high school,before most people knew what a personal computer looked 9.,Paul predicted that chips would get super-powerful and would eventually give rise 10.a whole new industry.”答案语篇解读 文章主要讲述了过世的微软创始人之一Paul Allen的创业经历,同时提到了Bill Gates对他的赞赏。1.On2.at3.to4.of5.with6.for7.in8.on9.like10.to,