汇丰银行-全球-宏观策略-对数字贸易征税：现行规则是否适合未来？-2019.6.19-29页 (2).pdfVIP免费

Disclosures&DisclaimerThisreportmustbereadwiththedisclosuresandtheanalystcertificationsintheDisclosureappendix,andwiththeDisclaimer,whichformspartofit.Issuerofreport:HSBCBankplcViewHSBCGlobalResearchat:https://www.research.hsbc.comAscross-bordere-commerceandtradeindigitisedproductsincreases……therearesignsthatglobaltaxregimesaren’tkeepingpaceWebelieveglobalcoordinationisneededtosimplifytaxrulesandtoensuretaxesimpactingdigitaltradearen’tdiscriminatoryFromphysicaltodigitalAdvancesintechnologyarefacilitatingtheriseofdigitaltradeintwobroadways.Firstly,electronicplatformslikeAmazon,MercadolibreandAlibabaareenablingagreatervolumeofphysicalgoodstobepurchasedfromabroadonline.AccordingtoAliResearch,cross-borderB2Ce-commercesalesareexpectedtoreachUSD1trnnextyear.Secondly,goodsandservicesareincreasinglybeingdigitisedanddeliveredelectronicallyacrossborders(e.g.e-books,musicstreaming).Butthesetrendsposechallengesforglobaltaxadministration,whichhastraditionallytargetedflowsoftangiblegoods.KeytaxationissuesimpactingdigitaltradeInthisreport,wetakealookatthefourmaintaxesthatmayconstraindigitaltrade:1.Customsdutiesondigitalflows:WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)membershavebenefittedfromatemporarymoratoriumoncustomsdutiesone-transmissionssince1998.ButdevelopingcountrieslikeIndiaandSouthAfricaaregrowingconcernedaboutpotentiallossesoftariffrevenuefromthemoratoriumandareconsideringintroducingtariffsondigitalproducts.2.Lowdeminimisthresholds:Theriseinonlineshoppingmeansthatmostcountries’thresholds–exemptinglow-valueimportsfromtariffsand/orconsumptiontaxes–aren’thighenoughtofacilitatetradeandavoidcustomsclearancedelays.3.Consumptiontaxes:Digitisationcreateschallengesaroundcollectingconsumptiontaxesononlinepurchasesanddigitalflows,andcouldresultindoubletaxation.4.Taxesondigitalrevenues:Agrowingnumberofeconomiesmayintroducedigitalturnovertaxes,whichcouldbediscriminatoryandincompatiblewithinternationaltraderules.G20financeministersagreedtoprogressworktoclosetaxloopholesforlargegloba...