TheImportanceoftheShapeParameterinaBulkParameterizationSchemetotheEvolutionoftheCloudDropletSpectrumduringCondensationJunZHANG1,3,JimingSUN*1,2,3,WeiDENG1,3,WenhaoHU1,3,andYongqingWANG1,41LaboratoryofCloud-PrecipitationPhysicsandSevereStorms,InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100029,China2NanjingUniversityofInformationandTechnology,Nanjing210044,China3UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China4BeijingKeyLaboratoryofCloud,PrecipitationandAtmosphericWaterResources,Beijing100089,China(Received15March2022;revised1June2022;accepted22June2022)ABSTRACTTheshapeparameteroftheGammasizedistributionplaysakeyroleintheevolutionoftheclouddropletspectruminthebulkparameterizationschemes.However,duetotheinaccuratespecificationoftheshapeparameterinthecommonlyusedbulkdouble-momentschemes,theclouddropletspectracannotreasonablybedescribedduringthecondensationprocess.Therefore,anewly-developedtriple-parametercondensationschemewiththeshapeparameterdiagnosedthroughthenumberconcentration,cloudwatercontent,andreflectivityfactorofclouddropletscanbeappliedtoimprovetheevolutionoftheclouddropletspectrum.Thesimulationwiththenewparameterizationschemewascomparedtothosewithahigh-resolutionLagrangianbinscheme,thedouble-momentschemesinaparcelmodel,andtheobservationina1.5DEulerianmodelthatconsistsoftwocylinders.Thenewschemewiththeshapeparametervaryingwithtimeandspacecanaccuratelysimulatetheevolutionoftheclouddropletspectrum.Furthermore,thevolume-meanradiusandcloudwatercontentsimulatedwiththenewschemematchtheLagrangiananalyticalsolutionswell,andtheerrorsaresteady,withinapproximately0.2%.Keywords:cloudmicrophysicsparameterization,clouddropletspectrum,double-momentscheme,shapeparameterCitation:Zhang,J.,J.M.Sun,W.Deng,W.H.Hu,andY.Q.Wang,2023:Theimportanceoftheshapeparameterinabulkparameterizationschemetotheevolutionoftheclouddropletspectrumduringcondensation.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,40(1),155−167,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2065-7.ArticleHighlights:•Theshapeparamet...
