818·综膀胱癌相关泌尿道及肠道微生物组学的研究进展齐天宇,李涛综述,吴开杰审校(西安交通大学第一附属医院泌尿外科,陕西西安710061)AdvancesinurinarytractandintestinalmicrobiomerelatedtobladdercancerQITianyu,LITao,WUKaijie(DepartmentofUrology,TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofXi'anJiaotongUniversity,Xi'an71oo6l,China)ABSTRACT:Bladdercancerisoneofthemostcommonurinarytumors,andhumanurinarytracthasbeenprovedtobenon-sterile.Thesignificanceofurinarytractflorainpathophysiologyandtreatmentofurothelialcarcinomaremainstobestudied.Meanwhile,intestinalflorahasalsobecomeanimportantclinicalfactor,whichhasbeenprovedtoplayavarietyofrolesinbodymetabolism,localandsystemicinflammationandimmunity.Microorganismscanaffecttheclinicalcourseofcancer,efficacyofchemotherapyandimmunotherapydrugs,bioavailabilityandsideeffects.Thisreviewwillexploretherelationshipbetweenbladdercancerandurinarytractandintestinalmicrobiome,andexplorereliablediseasepredictors,prognosticindicatorsandtherapeutictargetsthroughabetterunderstandingoftheinteractionbetweenthemicrobiomeandtumorcells.KEYWORDS:bladdercancer;microbiome;urinarytractflora;intestinalflora;tumorimmunotherapy摘要:膀胱癌是最常见的泌尿系肿瘤之一,而人体泌尿道已被证明并非无菌,泌尿道菌群在尿路上皮癌的病理生理学和治疗中的意义尚有待研究。同时肠道菌群也已成为临床上的重要因素,被证明在机体新陈代谢、局部和全身炎症以及免疫中有各种作用,微生物能影响癌症的临床进程、化疗或免疫治疗药物的疗效、生物利用度和副作用。本综述将探讨膀胱癌与泌尿道、肠道微生物之间的关系,通过对微生物组与肿瘤细胞之间相互作用的更好理解,挖掘可靠的疾病预测因子、预后指标以及治疗靶点。关键词:膀胱癌;微生物组学;泌尿道菌群;肠道菌群;肿瘤免疫治疗中图分类号:R737.14膀胱癌在全球范围内发病率位于所有恶性肿瘤中第10位,2020年全球新增膀胱癌病例数超过57万,而男性患者所占比例在3/4以上。膀胱癌多为尿路上皮癌,分为非肌层浸润性(non-muscleinvasivebladdercancer,NMIBC)和肌层浸润性膀胱癌(mus-cleinvasivebladdercancer,MIBC),前者的比例高达75%[1。肿瘤的发病因素众多,据估计,超过20%的恶性肿瘤可能与微生物有关[2}。人体...