一种面向百吨级液氙实验的高纯气体管理与热管理设计张涛,刘江来(上海交通大学物理与天文学院,上海200240)摘要:PandaX实验等稀有事例液氙探测器规模日益扩大,甚至已经规划至百吨级,但现有技术氙气加注速率低,能量消耗大,因此必须发展高纯氙气的大规模存储技术与高效热管理技术。利用国标钢质气瓶233~333K工作温度范围及20MPa最大工作压力,以及氙在238K气液平衡压力低于1.8MPa的性质,可实现氙气1750kg/m3的高密度、低比焓存储,并可用输出压力2.5MPa的齿轮泵实现加压传输。分级冷却可以充分利用制冷机的冷却能力,1kw@160K制冷功率可获得7.5t/d的加注速率。相关设备还可以用于氙的循环提纯,循环流量大、压力高,可选用更高参数的纯化器。论证了在中国锦屏地下实验室进行百吨级氙气的存储、快速液化与回收的可行性,可为下一代实验方案设计及实验室基础设施设计建设提供参考。关键词:暗物质;无中微子双贝塔衰变;地下实验;热管理;超临界中图分类号:TB657文献标志码:A文章编号:1006-7086(2023)02-0200-09DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7086.2023.02.014HighPurityXenonManagementandHeatManagementDesignforHundredTonsScaleLiquidXenonExperimentZHANGTao,LIUJianglai(SchoolofPhysicsandAstronomy,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai200240,China)Abstract:PandaXdetectorisbiggerandbiggerinpastdecadesasotherxenondetectors,e.g.,XENONandLZexperi‐ment,thefarfuturedetectorishundredtonsscale,however,andthecurrentxenonmanagementtechnologyhasfollowingdisadvantage:lowfillingspeed,highenergycost,lowefficientduetophasechangeinfillingandrecuperationprocess.Therefore,itisnecessarytodeveloplargescalehighpurityxenonstorageandhighlyefficientheatmanagementsystemforfuturePandaXdetector.Thenationalstandardlargecapacityseamlesssteelgascylinderoperatingtemperatureis233~333Kandmaximumoperatingpressureis20MPa,thexenonequilibriumpressureisless1.8MPaat238K,so1750kg/m3xenonfillingratioisreasonablewhichhaslowspecificenthalpy,anditcanbetransferbygearpumpwhichhasnodynamicsealing.Pre-coolingandsteppedcoolingprocesscanmaximutilize160Krefrigerator,thexenonfillingspeedis7.5t/dfor1kwcoolingpower.Theproposaldemonstratethatitisfeasibletostorage,quicklyliquif...