第一页，共五十四页。MenopauseisadeviationoftheancientGreekwordsmenos(month)andpauses(ending).Themenopauseissometimesknownasthe'changeoflife'andismarkedbythemenopauseissometimesknownasthe'changeoflife'andismarkedbytheendingofmenstruation.endingofmenstruation.第二页，共五十四页。Itbedefinedwithcertaintyaftertwelvemonths'spontaneousamenorrhoea.Itbedefinedwithcertaintyaftertwelvemonths'spontaneousamenorrhoea.Endofreproductivelife.Endofreproductivelife.第三页，共五十四页。Age(years)Pre-menopausePost-menopauseMENOPAUSE1YEARPeri-menopause“Climacteric”第四页，共五十四页。Menopausalage:45-55yearsMenopausalage:45-55years(mean:50.7years)(mean:50.7years)Ifthemenopauseoccursinawomanwhoisunder45yearsofage,itisknownasIfthemenopauseoccursinawomanwhoisunder45yearsofage,itisknownasprematuremenopause.prematuremenopause.Latemenopause:>55yearsoldLatemenopause:>55yearsold第五页，共五十四页。OtherfactorsthatcanaffecttheageatwhichwomenhavetheirfinalperiodOtherfactorsthatcanaffecttheageatwhichwomenhavetheirfinalperiodincludeageatmenarche,parity,previousoralcontraceptivehistoryethnicityincludeageatmenarche,parity,previousoralcontraceptivehistoryethnicityandfamilyhistory.andfamilyhistory.第六页，共五十四页。RELATIVEACTIVITYOFESTROGENRELATIVEACTIVITYOFESTROGEN第七页，共五十四页。Themenopauseistheendofeggproduction(ovulation).ThisoccursasaThemenopauseistheendofeggproduction(ovulation).Thisoccursasaresultoffallinglevelsofthefemalesexhormoneoestrogen,whichregulatesresultoffallinglevelsofthefemalesexhormoneoestrogen,whichregulatesawoman'speriods.awoman'speriods.第八页，共五十四页。ThemenopauseresultsfromafallinthelevelofthefemalehormoneoestrogeninThemenopauseresultsfromafallinthelevelofthefemalehormoneoestrogenintheblood.theblood.第九页，共五十四页。Atahormonallevel-asovarianfollicularactivitybeginstofail,oestrogenandAtahormonallevel-asovarianfollicularactivitybeginstofail,oestrogenandprogesteronelevelsfallandthereducednegativefeedbacktothepituitarycausesprogesteronelevels...
