2022年医学专题—哈医大精品课程营养与食品卫生学第一章营养学基础.pptVIP免费

第一章营养学基础(jīchǔ)碳水化合物Carbohydrates第一页，共六十二页。MaincontentsDefinitionofcarbohydratesClassificationofcarbohydratesDigestion&absorptionofCHOFunctionsofcarbohydratesDisordersrelatedtoCHOmetabolismDietaryreferenceintakesofCHOs第二页，共六十二页。Carbohydratesareoneofthethreemacronutrienttypesthatprovideenergytoourbodies.Carbohydratescontaincarbon,hydrogen,andoxygen.碳水化合物：属三大能量(néngliàng)营养素之一，主要由碳、氢、氧构成。一、碳水化合物的定义(dìngyì)Whatarecarbohydrates?Carbohydratecanbeabbreviatedas“CHO”.第三页，共六十二页。Weobtainedcarbohydratespredominantlyfromplantfoodssuchasfruits,vegetables,andgrain.Why?第四页，共六十二页。PlantsmakecarbohydratesthroughtheprocessofphotosynthesisEnergyfromsunCarbondioxidefromairGlucosestoredinplantWaterWater+CarbondioxideGlucose光合作用(guānghé-zuòyòng)第五页，共六十二页。二、碳水化合物的分类(fēnlèi)ClassificationofcarbohydratesCarbohydratesSimpleComplexDisaccharidesMonosaccharidePolysaccharidesOligosaccharide寡糖单糖双糖(shuānɡtán)ɡ多糖(duōtán)ɡ第六页，共六十二页。HOHCH2OHHOHOHHOHHHGlucoseOHOHHOHHOHCH2OHCH2OHFructoseHOOHOHOHHHHHCH2OHGalactoseThethreemostcommonmonosaccharides.ALLofthemcontainidenticalatoms……Structureofmonosaccharides第七页，共六十二页。Monosaccharides-Glucose（葡萄糖）Glucoseisthemostabundantsugarmoleculefoundinourdietsandinourfoods.Glucosedoesnotgenerallyoccurbyitselfinfoodsbutattachestoothersugarstoformdisaccharidesandcomplexcarbohydrates.Inourbodies,glucoseisthepreferredsourceofenergyforthebrain.食物中最多的单糖，但不以单独形式存在，常与其他糖形成双糖(shuāntán)ɡɡ或多糖的形式存在，葡萄糖优先为大脑提供能量。第八页，共六十二页。Monosaccharides-Fructose（果糖(guǒtáng)）Fructoseisalsocalledfruitsugar.Fructoseisthesweetestnaturalsugar,occursnaturallyinfruitsandvegetables.Prefix第九页，共六十二页。Monosaccharides-Galactose（半乳糖）Galactosedoesnotoccuraloneinfoods.Itjoinswithglucosetocreatelactose,oneofthedisaccharides.第十页，...