急性急性(jíxìng)(jíxìng)呼吸道感呼吸道感染染第一页,共一百零二页。简简介介◆分类分类(fēnlèi)(fēnlèi)◆发生率发生率◆死亡率死亡率第二页,共一百零二页。解剖学特征解剖学特征鼻腔鼻腔(bíqiāng)(bíqiāng)短短,,狭窄狭窄粘膜丰富、柔软粘膜丰富、柔软血管丰富血管丰富鼻腔鼻腔(bíqiāng)(bíqiāng)堵塞堵塞鼻窦炎鼻窦炎sinusitissinusitis第三页,共一百零二页。第四页,共一百零二页。咽鼓管咽鼓管Eustachiantube:Eustachiantube:broad,short,horizontal中耳炎中耳炎otitismediaotitismediaAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacters第五页,共一百零二页。咽咽pharynx:pharynx:扁桃体扁桃体tonsilismaturewhen4-10yearsoldtonsilismaturewhen4-10yearsoldtonsillitisisfewininfantstonsillitisisfewininfantsAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacters第六页,共一百零二页。喉喉larynxlarynx::narrow,softandtendernarrow,softandtenderrichinbloodvesselrichinbloodvesselObstructionoflarynxObstructionoflarynxAnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacters第七页,共一百零二页。AnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacterstracheaandbronchitracheaandbronchinarrownarrowtenderandsofttenderandsoftrichinbloodvesslerichinbloodvesslerightbronchi:shortrightbronchi:shortthickthick异物异物(yìwù)(yìwù)容易吸入容易吸入第八页,共一百零二页。AnatomicalcharactersAnatomicalcharacterslunglung::alveoliislittle;richinbloodvesslealveoliislittle;richinbloodvesslemediastinamediastina::较大较大,,组织稀疏组织稀疏(纵隔)(纵隔)胸廓胸廓(xiōngkuò)(xiōngkuò)::shortshort桶状胸桶状胸肋骨肋骨horizonalhorizonal横膈横膈horizonalhorizonal++mediastinadisplacemenmediastinadisplacemen缺氧缺氧(quēyǎnɡ)(quēyǎnɡ)Co2Co2潴留潴留(zhūliú)(zhūliú)发绀发绀第九页,共一百零二页。PhysiologiccharactersPhysiologiccharactersrespiratoryraterespiratoryrate::theyounger,thefastertheyounger,thefaster0510152025303540新生儿<1岁1-3岁4-7岁8-14岁第十页,共一百零二页。PhysiologiccharactersPhysiologiccharacters呼吸呼吸(hūxī)(hūxī)方式方式::abdominalbreathingabdominalbreathinginfantinfantthoracicbreathingchildrenthoracicbreathingchildrenbreathingreservei...