Chemistry2eSENIORCONTRIBUTINGAUTHORSPAULFLOWERS,UNIVERSITYOFNORTHCAROLINAATPEMBROKEKLAUSTHEOPOLD,UNIVERSITYOFDELAWARERICHARDLANGLEY,STEPHENF.AUSTINSTATEUNIVERSITYWILLIAMR.ROBINSON,PHDOpenStaxRiceUniversity6100MainStreetMS-375Houston,Texas77005TolearnmoreaboutOpenStax,visithttps://openstax.org.Individualprintcopiesandbulkorderscanbepurchasedthroughourwebsite.©2019RiceUniversity.TextbookcontentproducedbyOpenStaxislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense(CCBY4.0).Underthislicense,anyuserofthistextbookorthetextbookcontentshereinmustprovideproperattributionasfollows:-Ifyouredistributethistextbookinadigitalformat(includingbutnotlimitedtoPDFandHTML),thenyoumustretainoneverypagethefollowingattribution:“Downloadforfreeathttps://openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2e.”-Ifyouredistributethistextbookinaprintformat,thenyoumustincludeoneveryphysicalpagethefollowingattribution:“Downloadforfreeathttps://openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2e.”-Ifyouredistributepartofthistextbook,thenyoumustretainineverydigitalformatpageview(includingbutnotlimitedtoPDFandHTML)andoneveryphysicalprintedpagethefollowingattribution:“Downloadforfreeathttps://openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2e.”-Ifyouusethistextbookasabibliographicreference,pleaseincludehttps://openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2einyourcitation.Forquestionsregardingthislicensing,pleasecontactsupport@openstax.org.TrademarksTheOpenStaxname,OpenStaxlogo,OpenStaxbookcovers,OpenStaxCNXname,OpenStaxCNXlogo,OpenStaxTutorname,OpenstaxTutorlogo,Connexionsname,Connexionslogo,RiceUniversityname,andRiceUniversitylogoarenotsubjecttothelicenseandmaynotbereproducedwithoutthepriorandexpresswrittenconsentofRiceUniversity.1-947172-62-X978-1-947172-62-31-947172-61-1978-1-947172-61-6PRINTBOOKISBN-10PRINTBOOKISBN-13PDFVERSIONISBN-10PDFVERSIONISBN-1310987654321OPENSTAXOpenStaxprovidesfree,peer-reviewed,openlylicensedtextbooksforintroductorycollegeandAdvancedPlacement®coursesandlow-cost,personalizedcoursewarethathelps...
