Biology2eSENIORCONTRIBUTINGAUTHORSMARYANNCLARK,TEXASWESLEYANUNIVERSITYJUNGCHOI,GEORGIAINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYMATTHEWDOUGLAS,GRANDRAPIDSCOMMUNITYCOLLEGEOpenStaxRiceUniversity6100MainStreetMS-375Houston,Texas77005TolearnmoreaboutOpenStax,visithttps://openstax.org.Individualprintcopiesandbulkorderscanbepurchasedthroughourwebsite.©2018RiceUniversity.TextbookcontentproducedbyOpenStaxislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense(CCBY4.0).Underthislicense,anyuserofthistextbookorthetextbookcontentshereinmustprovideproperattributionasfollows:-Ifyouredistributethistextbookinadigitalformat(includingbutnotlimitedtoPDFandHTML),thenyoumustretainoneverypagethefollowingattribution:“Downloadforfreeathttps://openstax.org/details/books/biology-2e-Ifyouredistributethistextbookinaprintformat,thenyoumustincludeoneveryphysicalpagethefollowingattribution:“Downloadforfreeathttps://openstax.org/details/books/biology-2e.”-Ifyouredistributepartofthistextbook,thenyoumustretainineverydigitalformatpageview(includingbutnotlimitedtoPDFandHTML)andoneveryphysicalprintedpagethefollowingattribution:“Downloadforfreeathttps://openstax.org/details/books/biology-2e.”-Ifyouusethistextbookasabibliographicreference,pleaseincludehttps://openstax.org/details/books/biology-2einyourcitation.Forquestionsregardingthislicensing,pleasecontactsupport@openstax.org.TrademarksTheOpenStaxname,OpenStaxlogo,OpenStaxbookcovers,OpenStaxCNXname,OpenStaxCNXlogo,OpenStaxTutorname,OpenstaxTutorlogo,Connexionsname,Connexionslogo,RiceUniversityname,andRiceUniversitylogoarenotsubjecttothelicenseandmaynotbereproducedwithoutthepriorandexpresswrittenconsentofRiceUniversity.PRINTBOOKISBN-101-947172-51-4PRINTBOOKISBN-13978-1-947172-51-7PDFVERSIONISBN-101-947172-52-2PDFVERSIONISBN-13978-1-947172-52-4RevisionNumberBIO2-2018-000(03/18)-BKBOriginalPublicationYear2018OPENSTAXOpenStaxprovidesfree,peer-reviewed,openlylicensedtextbooksforintroductorycollegeandAdvancedPlacement®coursesandlow-cost,personalizedcourseware...
