��������������������������������������������������Pre-AlgebraMcDougalLittellCALIFORNIACopyright©2008byMcDougalLittell,adivisionofHoughtonMifflinCompany.Allrightsreserved.Warning:Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystemwithoutpriorwrittenpermissionofMcDougalLittellunlesssuchcopyingisexpresslypermittedbyfederalcopyrightlaw.AddressinquiriestoSupervisor,RightsandPermissions,McDougalLittell,P.O.Box1667,Evanston,IL60204.ISBN-13:978-0-618-84099-1123456789–VJM–0706050403ISBN-10:0-618-84099-0123456789–VJM–0706050403InternetWebSite:http://www.mcdougallittell.comiiThecontentofCaliforniaPre-AlgebraofferscompletecoverageofCalifornia’sGrade7MathematicsContentStandards.MathematicsstandardsfrompreviousgradesarereviewedtohelpwithyourunderstandingoftheGrade7standards.ActivitiesareprovidedtodevelopGrade7concepts.EachlessonhasampleskillpracticesothatyoucanmastertheimportantmathematicalprocessestaughtinGrade7.CaliforniaPre-Algebraalsoteachesyouvaluabletechniquesforsolvingpurelymathematicalaswellasreal-worldproblems.Throughouteachchapteryouwillengageinerroranalysisandmathematicalreasoningtobuildcriticalthinkingskillsandtoconstructlogicalarguments.CaliforniaPre-Algebrathusprovidesabalancebetweenbasicskills,conceptualunderstanding,andproblemsolving—allsupportedbymathematicalreasoning.CaliforniaPre-Algebrawillalsohelpyoubecomebetterattakingnotesandtakingtests.Lookforanotetakingstrategyatthebeginningofeachchapteraswellashelpfulmarginalnotesthroughouteachchapter.Themarginalnotesgiveyousupportinkeepinganotebook,studyingmath,readingalgebraandgeometry,doinghomework,usingtechnology,andreviewingfortests.����������������������������iiiAbouttheAuthorsAbouttheAuthors������������������isthesuperintendentofAdlaiE.StevensonHighSchoolDistrict125inLincolnshire,Illinois.Dr.Kanold...