J.Geogr.Sci.2023,33(4):845-862DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-023-2109-7©2023SciencePressSpringer-VerlagSeparatingtheeffectsoftwodimensionsonecosystemservices:Environmentalvariablesandnettrade-offsZUOLiyuan1,2,JIANGYuan1,2,*GAOJiangbo1,DUFujun1,2,ZHANGYibo1,21.KeyLaboratoryofLandSurfacePatternandSimulation,InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China;2.UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,ChinaAbstract:Spatialandtemporalchangesinecosystemservices(ESs)aredrivenbytwotypesoffactors:environmentalfactorsandtrade-offs/synergiesbetweenservices.Intheecologicalconservationredline(ECRL)area,inwhichnationalecologicalsecurityandsocialsustaina-bledevelopmentareguaranteed,itisparticularlyimportanttoclarifythedrivingmechanismofESsforthemanagementofecosystems.Inthisstudy,soilconservation,wateryield,andcarbonsequestrationinBeijing’sECRLareaarequantified,andGeoDetectorisusedtoidentifythefactorsinfluencingthetrade-offs/synergiesbetweenESs.Moreover,partialcor-relationanalysisisusedtocalculatethenettrade-offs/synergiesandcomparethemwiththeextenttowhichenvironmentalvariablescontributetoESs.Theresultsareasfollows:envi-ronmentalvariablesandtrade-offs/synergieshavedifferenteffectsonthechangesinESs,andtheirinteractionscanenhancethedeterminativepowerofthecorrespondingindividualvariable.Thelanduseintensityisanextremelyimportantfactoraffectingthetrade-offs/syne-rgiesbetweenthethreeservices,indicatingthatrationallanduseplanninginBeijing’sECRLareaiscrucialforavoidingthenegativeimpactsoftrade-offsandenablingcoordinatedopti-mizationofESs.Aftertheeliminationofthecross-influenceofenvironmentalvariables,thetrade-offs/synergieschangesignificantly,andtheimpactofenvironmentalvariablesonESsiscomparedwiththenettrade-offs/synergies.Environmentalvariablesarethedrivingforcesofthespatiotemporalchangesinsoilconservation.Precipitationandcarbonsequestrationhavesimilareffectsonwateryield.Spatiotemporalchangesincarbonsequestrationarecloselyrelatedtotheother...
