AComprehensiveReviewofLubricantChemistry,Technology,Selection,andDesignSyedQ.A.RizviCopyrightbyASTMInt'l(allrightsreserved);TueApr2203:57:28EDT2014Downloaded/printedbyUniversityofVirginiapursuanttoLicenseAgreement.Nofurtherreproductionsauthorized.char12FontTimes-BoldColorredPos1010AComprehensiveReviewofLubricantChemistry,Technology,Selection,andDesignSyedQ.A.Rizvi,Ph.D.ASTMStockNumber:MNL59ASTMInternational100BarrHarborDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohocken,PA19428–2959PrintedintheU.S.A.CopyrightbyASTMInt'l(allrightsreserved);TueApr2203:57:28EDT2014Downloaded/printedbyUniversityofVirginiapursuanttoLicenseAgreement.Nofurtherreproductionsauthorized.char12FontTimes-BoldColorredPos1010LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataRizvi,SyedQ.A.,1945–Acomprehensivereviewoflubricantchemistry,technology,selection,anddesign/SyedQ.A.Rizvi.“ASTMstocknumber:MNL59.”ISBN978-0-8031-7000-11.Lubricatingoils.I.Title.TJ1077.R482008621.8�9—dc222008003579Copyright©2009ASTMInternational,WestConshohocken,PA.Allrightsreserved.Thismaterialmaynotbereproducedorcopied,inwholeorinpart,inanyprinted,mechanical,electronic,film,orotherdistributionandstoragemedia,with-outthewrittenconsentofthepublisher.PhotocopyRightsAuthorizationtophotocopyitemforinternal,personal,oreducationalclassroomuse,ortheinternal,personal,oreducationalclassroomuseofspecificclients,isgrantedbyASTMInternationalprovidedthattheappropriatefeeispaidtoASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959;Tel:610-832-9634;online:http://www.astm.org/copyright.NOTE:TheSocietyisnotresponsible,asabody,forthestatementsandopinionsexpressedinthispublication.ASTMInternationaldoesnotendorseanyproductsrepresentedinthispublication.PrintedinBaltimore,MDMarch,2009CopyrightbyASTMInt'l(allrightsreserved);TueApr2203:57:28EDT2014Downloaded/printedbyUniversityofVirginiapursuanttoLicenseAgreement.Nofurtherreproductionsauthorized.char12FontTimes-BoldColorredPos1010ContentsPreface...................................................