Designation:F1600–95a(Reapproved2001)StandardTerminologyRelatingtoBioremediation1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1600;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisterminologydefinestheterminologyusedintestmethods,specifications,guides,andpracticesrelatedtobiore-mediationtechnology.1.2Thesedefinitionsarewrittentoensurethatstandardsrelatedtobioremediationtechnologyareunderstoodandinter-pretedproperly.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:F873GuideforIncineratingOilSpillWastesatTemporaryFieldLocations2F1481GuideforEcologicalConsiderationsfortheUseofBioremediationinOilSpillResponse—SandandGravelBeaches23.Terminology3.1Definitions:aerobes—organismsthatrequireairorfreeoxygenforgrowth.F1481anaerobes—organismsthatgrowintheabsenceofairoroxygenanddonotusemolecularoxygeninrespiration.F1481arctic—thebiogeographicrealmthatcomprisesthetundraandtreelessgroundslyingnorthofthetimberlineintheNorthernhemisphereorsouthofthetimberlineintheSouthernhemisphere.bioaugmentation—theadditionofmicroorganisms(predomi-nantlybacteria)toincreasethebiodegradationrateoftargetpollutants.F1481biodegradation—thechemicalalterationandbreakdownofasubstance,usuallytosmallerproductscausedbymicroor-ganismsortheirenzymes.F1481bioremediation—theenhancementofbiodegradation.bioremediationagents—inorganicandorganiccompoundsandmicroorganismsthatenhancebiologicaldegradationprocesses,predominantlymicrobial.F1481biostimulation—theadditionofmicrobialnutrients,oxygen,heat,orwater,orsomecombinationthereof,toenhancetherateofbiodegradationoftargetpollutantsbyindigenousspecies(predominantlybacteriaandfungi).buffer—asolutionofpartiallyionizedacidsorbasescapableofreducingpHchangesinthepresenceofaddedalkalisoracids.carcinogen—cancer-causingagent.culture—controlledinoculation,gr...
