ASTM_D_1318_-_16.pdf

Designation:D131816Standard Test Method forSodium in Residual Fuel Oil(Flame Photometric Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1318;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of sodium inresidual fuel oil by means of a flame photometer.Its precisionin low ranges limits its application to samples containing morethan 15 mgkg sodium.Other elements commonly found inresidual fuel oil do not interfere.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.For specific hazard statements see 6.3,6.5,6.7,8.2,6.8,6.9,and Note 3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System Performance3.Summary of Test Method3.1 A weighed sample is reduced to a carbonaceous ashunder controlled conditions.The residual carbon is removed byheating in a muffle furnace at 550 C.The ash is dissolved,diluted to volume,and the sodium determined by means of aflame photometer.4.Significance and Use4.1 Excessive amounts of sodium can indicate the presenceof materials that cause high wear of burner pumps and valves,and contribute to deposits of boiler heating surfaces.5.Apparatus5.1 Flame Photometer,capable of isolating the sodiumdoublet at 589 nm and stable enough to give repeatablemeasurements that do not vary more than 5%of their mean inthe 2 mg kg to 20 mg kg range of sodium.5.2 Platinum Dish,100 mL capacity,approximately 35 mmin depth.5.3 Electric Muffle Furnace,capable of operating over avariable range from 200 C to 600 C and of maintaining atemperature of 550 C 6 50 C.6.Reagents and Materials6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.3Other grades can beused,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type II or III of Specification D1193.6.3 Hydrochloric Acid(sp gr 1.19)Concentrated hydro-chloric acid(HCl).(WarningPoison.Causes severe burns.Harmful or fatal if swallowed or inhaled.)6.4 Hydrochloric Acid(1+9)Mix 1 volume of HCl(sp gr1.19)with 9 volumes of water.6.5 Hydrofluoric Acid(48%)Concentrated hydrofluoricacid(HF).(WarningPoison.Causes severe burns.Harmfulor fatal if swallowed or inhaled.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved July 1,2016.Published July 2016.Originally approvedin 1954.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1318 00(2011).DOI:10.1520/D1318-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,AmericanChemical Society,Washington,DC.For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society,see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals,BDH Ltd.,Poole,Dorset,U.K.,and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary,U.S.Pharmacopeial Convention,Inc.(USPC),Rockville,MD.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.6 Sodium Solution,Standard(1000 mg Na/L)Dissolve3.088 g 6 0.005 g of dried sodium sulfate(Na2SO4)in waterand dilute to 1 L in a volumetric flask.Store in a polyethylenebottle.6.7 Sulfuric Acid(1+1)Carefully add,while stirring,1volume of concentrated sulfuric acid(H2SO4,sp gr 1.84)to 1volume of water.(WarningPoison.Causes severe burns.Harmful or fatal if swallowed or inhaled.)6.8 Ethyl Alcohol,C2H6O,95%reagent grade.(WarningFlammable.)6