ASTM_D_4868_-_00_2010.pdf

Designation:D486800(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forEstimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Burnerand Diesel Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4868;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the gross andnet heat of combustion in SI units,megajoules per kilogram,ofpetroleum fuels from the fuel density,sulfur,water,and ashcontent.NOTE1The equation for estimation of net and gross heat ofcombustion used in this method were originally published by the NISTPublication No.97.1.2 This test method is especially useful for estimating,using a minimum number of tests,the heat of combustion ofburner and diesel fuels for which it is not usually critical toobtain very precise heat determinations.NOTE2More accurate estimation methods are available for aviationfuels(Test Methods D1405,D4529,and D3338).However,those estima-tion methods require additional tests to those required in this test method.1.3 This test method is purely empirical(Note 1).It isapplicable only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normalrefining processes from conventional crude oil that conform tothe requirements of specifications for petroleum fuels asdescribed in Note 3.This test method is valid for those fuels inthe density range from 750 to 1000 kg/m3and those that do notcontain an unusually high aromatic content.High aromaticcontent fuels will not normally meet fuel specification criteria.NOTE3The estimation of the heat of combustion of a hydrocarbonfuel from its density and sulfur,water,and ash content is justifiable onlywhen the fuel belongs to well-defined classes for which a relationshipbetween these quantities have been derived from accurate experimentalmeasurements on representative samples of these classes.Even in theseclasses,the possibility that the estimate may be in error by large amountsfor individual fuels should be recognized.This test method has been testedfor a limited number of fuels from oil sand bitumen and shale oil originand has been found to be valid.The classes of fuels used to establish thecorrelation presented in this test method are represented by the followingapplications:FuelSpecificationFuel OilsGrades 1,2,4(light),4,5(light),5(heavy),and 6D396DieselGrades 1-D,2-D,and 4-dD975Aviation TurbineJet A,Jet A-1,and Jet BD1655Gas TurbineGrades 0-GT,1-GT,2-GT,3-GT and 4-GTD2880KerosineGrades 1-K and 2-KD36991.4 This test method is not applicable to pure hydrocarbons.It is not intended as a substitute for experimental measurementsof heat of combustion(Note 4).NOTE4The procedures for the experimental determination of thegross and net heats of combustion are described in Test Methods D240 andD4809.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-drocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(LampMethod)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.05 on Properties of Fuels,Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved May 1,2010.Published May 2010.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D486800(2005).DOI:10.1520/D4868-00R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density(SpecificGravity),or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Spe-cific Gravity)of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnom-eterD1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Spe-cific Gravity)