Designation:D5717–95e1StandardGuideforDesignofGround-WaterMonitoringSystemsinKarstandFractured-RockAquifers1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD5717;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.e1NOTE—Paragraph1.5wasaddededitoriallyOctober1998.INTRODUCTIONThisguideforthedesignofground-watermonitoringsystemsinkarstandfractured-rockaquiferspromotesthedesignandimplementationofaccurateandreliablemonitoringsystemsinthosesettingswherethehydrogeologiccharacteristicsdepartsignificantlyfromthecharacteristicsofporousmedia.Variancesfromgovernmentregulationsthatrequireon-sitemonitoringwellsmayoftenbenecessaryinkarstorfractured-rockterranes(see7.3)becausesuchsettingshavehydrogeologicfeaturesthatcannotbecharacterizedbytheporous-mediaapproximation.Thisguidewillpromotethedevelopmentofaconceptualhydrogeologicmodelthatsupportstheneedforthevariancesandaidsthedesignerorgovernmentalreviewerinestablishingthemostreliableandefficientmonitoringsystemforsuchaquifers.Manyoftheapproachescontainedinthisguidemayalsohavevalueindesigningground-watermonitoringsystemsinheterogeneousandanisotropicunconsolidatedandconsolidatedgranularaquifers.Thefocusofthisguide,however,isonunconfinedkarstsystemswheredissolutionhasincreasedsecondaryporosityandonothergeologicsettingswhereunconfinedground-waterflowinfracturesisasignificantcomponentoftotalground-waterflow.1.Scope1.1Justification—Thisguideconsidersthecharacterizationofkarstandfractured-rockaquifersasanintegralcomponentofmonitoring-systemdesign.Hence,thedevelopmentofaconceptualhydrogeologicmodelthatidentifiesanddefinesthevariouscomponentsoftheflowsystemisrecommendedpriortothedesignandimplementationofamonitoringsystem.1.2MethodologyandApplicability—Thisguideisbasedonrecognizedmethodsofmonitoring-systemdesignandimple-mentationforthepur...
