Designation:D5754–95(Reapproved2000)StandardGuideforDisplayingtheResultsofChemicalAnalysesofGroundWaterforMajorIonsandTraceElements—TrilinearDiagramsforTwoorMoreAnalyses1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD5754;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisguidedescribesthecategoryofwateranalysisdiagramsthatusetwo-dimensionaltrilineargraphsasatech-niquefordisplayingthecommonchemicalcomponentsfromtwoormorecompleteanalysesofnaturalgroundwater(seeSection3)onasinglediagram.Thiscategoryincludesnotonlytrilinear-shapeddiagramsbutalsothediamond-orparallelogram-,rectangular-,orsquare-shapedgraphsthathavetrilinearsubdivisions.1.2Thisguideisthefirstofseveraldocumentstoinformprofessionalsinthefieldofhydrologywiththetraditionalgraphicalmethodsavailabletodisplaygroundwaterchemistry.NOTE1—Subsequentguidesareplannedthatwilldescribetheothercategoriesofdiagramsthathavebeendevelopedtodisplaygroundwaterchemicalanalyses.(1)Aguidefordiagramsbasedondataanalyticalcalculationswillincludethosecategoriesofwateranalysisgraphsinwhichoneanalysisisplottedoneachdiagram(forexample,thepattern,bar,radial,andcirclediagrams).(2)Aguideforstatisticaldiagramswillincludethosecategoriesofwateranalysisgraphsinwhichmultipleanalysesareanalyzedstatisticallyandtheresultsplottedonthediagram(forexample,thebox,etc.).1.3Numerousmethodshavebeendevelopedtodisplaytheionsdissolvedinwaterontrilineardiagrams.Thesediagramsarevaluableasameansofinterpretingthephysicalandchemicalmechanismscontrollingthecompositionofwater.1.4Themostcommonlyusedtrilinearmethodsweredevel-opedbyHill(1-3),2LangelierandLudwig(4),Piper(5,6),andDurov(7-13).Thesetechniquesareprovensystemsforinter-pretingtheoriginoftheionsinnaturalgroundwaterandforfacilitatingthecomparisonofresultsfromalargenumberofanalyses.NOTE2—The...
