Designation:E2183–02AnAmericanNationalStandardStandardGuideforXMLDTDDesign,ArchitectureandImplementation1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2183;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Recently,therehasbeenwidespreaduseoftheInternetbythehealthcareindustrytorepresentinformation.MuchofthesuccessoftheInternetcanbeattributedtotheWorldWideWeb(WWW)anditsbrowsingsystem,whichmakeitpossibletonavigatetheInternetbypointingandclicking.Webpages,electronicdocumentslocatedontheInternet,arepublishedtoacomputerscreenbyabrowser.ThesepagesaredevelopedusingHyperTextMarkupLanguage(HTML).1.1.1ThenextgenerationoftheWWWandwebpageshasarrivedwiththespecificationofeXtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML).JustlikeHTML,XMLcandefinehowpagesappearinwebbrowser.AdditionallyXMLprovidesacontextforinfor-mation.WhileHTMLtellsthebrowserwhatapageshouldlooklike,XMLdefineswhatthepieceofinformationactuallymeans.BothHTMLandXMLaremarkuplanguages;thatis,theyinsertmarkup,oradditionalinformation,intotext.Themarkupisknownasatag.Forexample,HTMLmarksuptextonapagebyinsertingatagwhenthetextshouldbeboldedandbyinsertinga

tagaroundthefirstheadingofawebpage.InHTML,thereisnowaytodistinguishbetweenamedicalrecordnumberorantelephonenumberbecausetheyarebothtaggedforbold.XML,ontheotherhand,markseachitemwithspecialtagssothatcomputerscantellthedifference.WithXML,humansandcomputerscantellthedifferencebetweenatagandorafroma.1.1.2ThenamesofthetagsandtherulesforusingthemarecontainedintheDTDorDocumentTypeDefinition(DTD).TheDTDdescribesthestructureofthedocumentanddefinesthenamesoftagsitcontains.Additionally,theDTDdeclarestheorderinwhichthetagsoccurandhowoftenthetagscanappear;thatis,theDTDdefinesthehierarchyofthetags.ADTDforaprescriptionmightcont...