Designation:E2195−09StandardTerminologyRelatingtotheExaminationofQuestionedDocuments1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2195;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisterminologystandardincludestermsthatrelatetotheexaminationperformedbyforensicdocumentexaminers.NOTE1—ThetermsintheTerminologySectionrefertotypicalcopybookstylesofwritinganddonotaccountforexceptionalforms.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2E444GuideforScopeofWorkofForensicDocumentExaminers3.Terminologyapex,n—theuppermostpointofacharacter.ascender,n—astrokethatrisesabovetheheightofthebodyoftheletterformation.assistedhandsignature,n—asignatureexecutedbyawriterwhilethewriter’shand,arm,orwritinginstrumentissteadiedorstabilizedbyanother.awkwardhand,n—seeunaccustomedhand.baseline,n—theruledorimaginarylineuponwhichwritingortypewritingappearstorest.character,n—anylanguagesymbol(forexample,letter,nu-meral,punctuationmark,orothersign),othersymbolorornament.connectingstroke,n—alinejoiningtwoadjacentcharacters.crossstroke,n—astrokethatcrossesanotherportionofthecharacterandisnotattachedateitherend.(Forexample,thehorizontalstrokeofthe“t”)(cf.crossbar).crossbar,n—astrokethatintersectsotherportionsofthecharacteratbothends.(cf.armandcrossstroke).cursive,n—atypeofwritinginwhichthelettersarejoinedandthewritinginstrumentisnotliftedaftermoststrokes.descender,n—astrokethatextendsbelowthebaselineofthebodyoftheletterformationdragstroke,n—astrokeresultingfromincompleteliftingofthepen.guidedsignature,n—asignatureexecutedbyawriterwhileawriter’shandarm,orwritinginstrumentisinfluencedorcontrolledbyanother.handprinting,n—astyleofwritinginwhichthelettersarenotjoinedandthewritinginstrumentisliftedaftermoststrokes.hesitation,n—apauseinthewritingwithouttheinstrumentbeinglift...
