SyntheticantimicrobialagentsSyntheticantimicrobialagents((人工合成抗菌药人工合成抗菌药))HuifangTangtanghuifang@zju.edu.cnClassificationofSyntheticantimicrobialagents•Ⅰ.Quinolones(喹诺酮类);•Ⅱ.Sulfonamides(磺胺类);•Ⅲ.Othersyntheticantimicrobialagents:•Trimethoprim(甲氧苄啶)•Nitrofurans(硝基呋喃类),etc.Generalfeatures•Broadantimicrobialactivityandareeffectiveafteroraladministrationforthetreatmentofawidevarietyofinfectiousdisease.•Relativelyfewsideeffects.•Microbialresistancetotheiractiondoesnotdeveloprapidly.QuinolonesQuinolonesChemistry•Derivedfrombasicstructureofnalidixicacid(萘啶酸)andhavesubstituentsatN-1,C-5,C-7,position8andafluorineatomatposition6.•Fluorineatposition6enhancesgyraseinhibitionandcellpenetration.QuinolonesQuinolonesQuinolonesChemicalstructureQuinolones((诺氟沙星诺氟沙星))((环丙沙星环丙沙星))((萘啶酸萘啶酸))QuinolonesGenerationExamples1st(1962-1969)Nalidixicacid,萘啶酸2nd(1969-1979)Pipemidicacid吡哌酸Cinoxacin西诺沙星3rd(1980-1996)Norfloxacin诺氟沙星Levofloxacin左氧氟沙星Ciprofloxacin环丙沙星Ofloxacin氧氟沙星sparfloxacin司帕沙星4th(1997-)Grepafloxacin格帕沙星Clinafloxacin克林沙星Gatifloxacin加替沙星Moxifloxacin莫西沙星ClassificationQuinolonesSummaryofantimicrobialspectrumofquinolones.Typicaltherapeuticapplicationsofuoroquinolones.First-generationagents(1962-1969)First-generationagents(1962-1969)Nalidixicacid,Nalidixicacid,萘啶酸萘啶酸•ThefirstgenerationdrugofthequinoloneantibioticsThefirstgenerationdrugofthequinoloneantibiotics•Moderategram-negativeactivityandminimalsystemicdistributionModerategram-negativeactivityandminimalsystemicdistributionClinicalapplicationsClinicalapplications•UncomplicatedurinarytractinfectionsUncomplicatedurinarytractinfectionsQuinolonesQuinolonesQuinolonesSecond-generationquinolonesSecond-generationquinolones(1969-1979)(1969-1979)PipemidicacidPipemidicacid吡哌酸吡哌酸CinoxacinCinoxacin西诺沙星西诺沙星•Expandedgram-negativeactivityandatypicalpathogencoverage,butExpandedgram-negativeactivityandatypicalpat...
