第一篇：2010秋中高级口译口试汉译英真题

2010秋中高级口译口试汉译英真题

汉译英：

（此题摘自江总书记于一九九九年十月二十二日在英国剑桥大学的演讲）

Passage 1:

中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，社会的发展和进步，取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。

中国确保十三亿多人的生存权和发展权，是对世界人权事业的重大贡献。集体人权与个人人权、经济文化权利与公民政治权利紧密结合和协调发展，这适合中国国情，是中国人权事业发展的必然道路。

(参考答案)

The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value.Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of “people being the most important,” believe that “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.” The progress and development of a society hinge on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized.The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democtatic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people.Chins has a population of over 1.3 billion, and to ensure our people the rights to subsistence and development is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause.Collective and inpidual human rights should be considered together and their coordinated development should be pursued, and the same considerations should be given to the development of economic and cultural rights on the one hand and of civil and political rights on the other.This is dictated by China’s specific national conditions and therefore, is the only way to progress in human rights cause in Chins.2010秋中高级口译口试英译汉真题

英译汉：

Passage 2:

On behalf of all the membership of the United Nations, I hereby reaffirm the role of this international organization.When ti was created more than 60 years ago, the United Nations reflected humanity’s greatest hopes for a just and peaceful global community.It still embodies that dream.We remain the only world institution with the legitinacy and scope that derive from global membership, and a mandate that encompasses development, secutiry and human rights as well as the envoronment.I restate that we are an organization without independent military capability, and we dispose of relatively modest resources in the economic realm.Yet our influence and impact on the world is far greater than many believe to be the case, and often more than we ourselves realize.This influence derives not from any exercise of power, but from the force of the values we represent.Among these values are the maintenance of the world order and the establishment of world harmony.（参考答案）

我谨代表联合国所有成员国，在此重申这个国际组织的作用。联合国60多年前成立时，反映了人类建立一个公正和平的国际社会的殷切希望。联合国至尽仍然代表了这个梦想。我们仍然是唯一具有产生于会籍普遍性的合法性和规模，并具有包括发展、安全和人权以及环境在内的使命的全球性机构。

我重申，这是一个没有独立军事能力的组织，在经济领域也只处理相对不多的资源。然而，我们对世界的影响却比许多人所认为的要大得多，而且常常比我们自己所意识到的还要多。这种影响不是产生于权利的行使，而是产生于我们所代表的价值观念的力量。我们的价值观；包括维护国际次序，建立和谐世界。

第二篇：中级口译汉译英真题集

2000.3 中华民族历来爱好自由与和平。中国人始终希望天下太平，希望同各国人民友好相处。中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础。我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫、歧视和欺凌的自由。

The Chinese people have been a freedom-and-peace-loving nation.They have always hoped for the world to be at peace and the peoples of various countries to co-exist peacefully.Having suffered from wars and foreign aggression in modern times, the Chinese people treasure freedom and peace all the more.Every nation needs a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment for its construction and development.The freedom of a country or nation is the prerequisite and base of the freedom of any inpidual.We hope that all nations can live in a world free from war and violence and that people from all parts of the world can enjoy freedom without oppression, discrimination, bullying and humiliation.2000.9 中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国、台湾是中国的一部分。同时中国政府考虑到美国政府承认了世界上只有一个中国、台湾是中国的一部分、中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府。中国政府在实行和平统一方针的同时始终表明，以何种方式解决台湾问题是中国的内政，并无义务承诺放弃使用武力。

The declaration by the Chinese government to implement the policy of peaceful reunification was based on the prerequisite that the then Taiwan authorities insisted that there is only on China in the world and that Taiwan is a part of China.At the same time, the Chinese government took into consideration the fact that the US government recognized that there is only one China in the world, that Taiwan is a part of China and that the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the only legitimate government of China.While implementing the policy of peaceful reunification, the Chinese government has all along made it clear that it is an internal affair of China to decide on what method to use to resolve the Taiwan issue and that we have no obligation to commit ourselves to rule out the use of force.2001.3 据调查，我国有40 ％的青少年除了课本外不看其他书籍。对此，我感到极为震惊。虽然有关人士声称调查具有科学性，我仍不敢相信。不过尽管怀疑，事实却是，越来越多的年轻人在业余时间已不再读书，而是看电视、跳舞、打电子游戏机，或者“侃大山”。高尔基说过：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。”众所周知，书籍是人类智慧的结晶。尽管现代传媒（如电视、计算机）在信息的传播速度上有许多优势，但到目前为止，还没有哪一种在传播知识的深度方面能取代书籍。

According to a survey, about 40% of our country's youth do not read any books other than their textbooks.I am shocked at the result.I remain suspicious of the survey, though the people concerned claim it to be scientific.Despite my suspicion, the fact is that more and more young people, instead of reading, spend their spare time watching TV, going to dance parties, playing video games or chitchatting.Gorgy once said: “Books are steps toward human progress.”As we all know, books is a crystallization of human wisdom.Although modern media such as TV and computers enjoy advantages in the speed of information dissemination, so far none of them can replace books in respect of the depth of knowledge being spread.2001.9 本届会议将围绕“新世纪、新挑战：参与、合作、促进共同繁荣”的主题，审议5 个方面的议题，以期促进亚太地区和全球经贸的发展。

今年的APEC 会议将主要侧重两个方面：一是加强APEC 成员之间的合作，共同应对可能出现的经济衰退，重树信心；二是继续推进APEC 贸易投资自由化进程，推动WTO尽早开始新一轮谈判。

This year's meeting will, centering round the theme of “Meeting new challenges in the new century: achieving common prosperity through participation and cooperation, review the agenda covering 5 areas with a view to promoting the economic and trade development in the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.This year's APEC meeting will focus on 2 key missions: one is to strengthen the cooperation among APEC members in dealing with a possible economic slowdown to build up new confidence;the other is to continue to advance the process of APEC trade and investment liberalization and facilitation and urge the WTO to initiate a new round talks as soon as possible.2002.3 我总以为，在中国效率最高的会议要数学校召集的家长会。家长会完全符合 廉政建设”的要求，与会的家长绝不会像参加行业、单位的一些会议，先看看会议地点是不是设在风景旅游区，会后发不发纪念品之类，然后方决定是否参加。其他会议都难得准时，惟有家长会绝对正点召开。在家长会上，家长们个个全神贯注地倾听、记录，生怕漏 一点内容。不少会议都可列入可开可不开之列，但对于学校和家长而言，家长会则是必不可少的。I always believe that the most efficient meeting in China is the parents' meeting called by the school.The parents' meeting, is in full conformity with the requirements for the “building of an honest and clean government”.With respect to meetings organized by a certain trade or the unit where one works, the person wants to know whether the venue of a meeting is in a scenic area frequented by tourists and whether gifts of souvenirs will be handed out after the meeting before he decides whether to go or not to go.But for the parents' meeting, nobody will ever think of that.While other meetings are rarely convened on time, the parents' meeting invariably starts with punctuality.At the parents' meeting, every parent listens and takes notes with rapt attention lest he or she might miss anything.For many meetings,it does not really matter whether they are to be held or not, but to the school and the parents, the parents' meeting is absolutely necessary.2002.9 到2007 年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到7500 美元。这一目标的实现，最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞、更舒适了。因为从市民的“衣、食、住、行”消费来讲，住房是一个重要因素，而且占了大头。届时，上海人均住房面积将会大幅增加。除此之外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育、信息、旅游等消费 会大量增长。用一句话来表述，那便是未来老百姓的生活会更好，那时老百姓的生活将和中等发达国家的居民一样。

The per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US $7500 by 2007.The common people should benefit most directly from the attainment of this goal.They will live more comfortably in bigger space.Among the basic necessities of life food, clothing,shelter and transportation housing is an important element, accounting for a big portion in the money they spend.In 2007, the average per capita living space in Shanghai will increase by a big margin.In addition,the common people's spending on such services as education, information and traveling will grow substantially.To put it in a nutshell, in the future the common people will live a better life,a life of the same standard as enjoyed by those in the middle-ranking developed countries.2004.3 中华民族历来珍惜和平。中国的崛起，是和平的崛起，是依靠自己力量来发展自己。中外关系中，我们一贯主张以邻为伴、与人为善，同各国发展友好合作关系。

中国现在是、今后相当长时间内仍将是一个发展中国家。中国有13亿人口，这是最大的国情。中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位，但人均水平却排在第138位。我们还面临不容忽视的失业、贫困和发展不平衡等问题。中国要赶上发达国家，还需要几代人、十几代人的艰辛努力。

Chinese nation has always cherished peace.China’s rise, an achievement we accomplished by our own efforts, symbolizes that peace has risen to the dominating position.In getting along with the foreign countries, we consistently adopted the policy of making partnership and being friendly to the neighboring countries with an aim to seek a friendly cooperation with them.China is and will continue, in a quite long time, to be a developing country.China has a population of 1.3 billion, which is the most prominent part in our national conditions.It is then no doubt that China ranks 138th per capita while its GDP totals 6th globally.We are now still facing such serious problems as unemployment, poverty, and unbalanced regional development.To catch up with the developed countries, several, even dozens of generation’s efforts are still expected.2004.9 本公司成立于1988年。经过不断发展，目前公司下属全资专业从事工程施工的单位有 4家，公司参股的企业有3家。公司拥有一大批技术人员和管理人员，其中有中高级专业职 称的占65％。雄厚的技术力量和科学的管理为公司的健康发展奠定了坚实的基础。不断深化的社会主义市场经济为公司的生存和发展提供了更大的机遇和空间。近年 来，公司先 参与承建了一大批上海市重大工程，为建设国际大都市作出了应有的贡献。

Our company was established /set up in 1988.Through years of continuous development, it currently has 4 wholly-owned enterprises specializing in engineering and construction and 3 enterprises in which it holds equity interests.Our company has a large number of technical and managerial personnel.Among them 65% hold intermediate and senior professional titles.The strong technical force and scientific management have laid a solid foundation for the healthy development of the company.http://www.xiexiebang.com/ An ever-growing socialist market economy has provided a bigger opportunity and space for the existence/survival and expansion /development of our company.In recent years/over the years，we have participated in /undertaken the construction of a large number of major projects in shanghai, making our contribution in shaping /building shanghai into an international metropolis.2005.3 有人把香港说成是“文化沙漠”。实际上，香港有着其独特的文化氛围。在 电影制作方面，香港名列世界前茅，其流行歌曲在全球华人中有着广泛的影响，而且还有8所知名的大学。

这座城市特殊的历史和地理因素造就了一种多样化的文化。每年一度由政府 主办的艺术嘉年华为当地艺术家展示其独创性提供了一个广阔的平台，并鼓励更 多人参与文化艺术创作，为中国的文华繁荣作出了许多创新和突破。

2005.9 中国有句古话：“相知无远近，万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连，共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明；古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”，谱写了中欧千年往来 的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入一个全新的阶段。中国已成为 亚欧和世界经济发展中的积极力量，我们坚定走和平发展的道路，致力于同亚 欧各国发展富有活力和长期稳定的全面合作关系，与亚欧各国相互支持，携手前 进，共创美好的未来。

In China, there is an old saying which goes like this, “Long distance never separates close friends.” A ready link connecting this country and many other ones, like the Silk Road, in Asia and Europe helps a lot in bringing about the splendid civilization in Asia and the frequent exchanges and communication between China and the Continent in the past years.Now, we are going a step further in our cooperation based on mutual benefits, enjoying a brand-new bilateral relation.China, a devoted part in promoting the economic development in the 2 continents, will keep her track on the road of peace and development.A corresponding effort made by this country in building a dynamic and long-term cooperation in all fields across Asia and Europe, together with all the other efforts from the 2 continents, will definitely contribute a big part in making the bright future.

第三篇：新东方中高级口译口试词汇必备文本

第一章 社会

SECTION Ⅰ： 英译中 A abortion 人工流产、堕胎 abuse of power 滥用职权 academic society 学术社团 altruism 利他主义、利他

an aging population 人口老龄化 asylum 庇护 B

D

demography, larithmics人口学、人口统计学 size 数量

growth 增长情况 density 密度 distribution 分布

social demography 社会人口学 economic demography 经济人口学 DINK 丁克一族 discrimination 歧视

benevolent 乐善好施的

a benevolent fund 施善基金

a charitable foundation 慈善基金

eleemosynary relief施舍性的救济

philanthropic contributions慈善捐献

bigamy重婚

birth rate 人口出生率

burglar-proof door/antitheft door 防盗门

C

casuistry 判断是非

chain effect/domino effect 连锁反应、多米诺骨牌效应

charitable 慈善的、仁慈的 civic morality 社会公德

community 社区

community service 社区服务

corruption 贪污

court of ethics 道德法庭

crime 犯罪

arson纵火、纵火罪

crimes committed by Mafia-like gangs 黑恶势力犯罪

drug rehabilitation centers戒毒所

drug traffickers 毒枭

drug-related crimes 毒品犯罪

embezzlement 盗用公款

juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

organized crime 有组织犯罪

robbery 抢劫

sexual harassment 性骚扰

shop-lifting在商店行窃

smuggling 走私

theft 偷窃行为

age discrimination 年龄歧视

discrimination against women 歧视妇女 feminism 男女平等主义、女权运动 feminist movement 女权运动

femininity 妇女特质、柔弱型、温柔 gender/sexual discrimination 性别歧视 job discrimination 工作歧视

male chauvinism 大男子主义、男权主义思想masculinity 男性阳刚之气 disparity 不一致、不同、不等 drug abuse 吸毒 E

egalitarian 主张人人平等的、平等主义 emotion quotient 情商 F

forum 论坛

favorable location 地理优势 family 家庭

immediate family 直接家庭成员

extended family 大家庭、扩大的家庭 family tree 家谱、家谱图 relative 亲属、亲戚 foster father 养父

legal guardian 法定监护人 stepmother 继母 in-law 姻亲

ex-husband 前夫

adopted daughter 养女 nephew 侄子、外甥 niece 侄女、外甥女

cousin 堂兄弟姊妹、表兄弟姊妹

G gambling 赌博

gay 同性恋者、同性恋者的 grant-in-aid 补助金、赠款 geographic location 地理位置 geographic advantage 地理优势 grey income 灰色收入 H hardened professional惯犯

have an extramarital affair/ have an ultra-marriage affairs 婚外恋

fine 罚款 jury 陪审团 juror 陪审员

life sentence 判处无期徒刑 notary 公证人 notarization 公证 M

make public expose 曝光

material/spiritual culture 物质、精神文化 minimum wage 最低工资

hedonism 享乐主义

home for the aged/ seniors‟ home 敬老院

I

illiteracy 文盲

income disparity 收入分化、贫富分化

infant mortality 婴儿死亡率

IPR/ intellectual property rights 知识产权

piracy 非法翻印、盗版

bootleg 盗版

copyright royalty 版税、版权费

fight against illegal publication 打非

underground publications 地下出版物

anti-fake label 防伪标识

L

law of the jungle 弱肉强食法则

lawsuit 诉讼

lawyer 律师

attorney 律师

appeal to a higher court 上诉

charge 控告

drop a lawsuit 撤销控告

court of appeals 上诉法庭

solicitor 初级律师，只能在低级法庭出庭的律师

suspect 犯罪嫌疑人

defendant 被告

plaintiff 起诉人、原告

capital punishment 死刑

guilty 有罪

verdict 裁决、判决书

serve one‟s term in prison 服刑

bail 保释

money worship 拜金主义 morality 道德 P

Pandora‟s box潘多拉魔盒 pluralism 多元文化论

polarization of rich and poor 贫富悬殊 popularity rate 普及率 poverty alleviation 扶贫

poverty relief office 扶贫办公室 R

racism 种族主义

acculturation 文化适应

assimilation 同化、同化作用

anti-racism education 反种族主义教育 colonialism 殖民主义 ethnic cleansing种族清理

ethnic group 同种、同文化之民族 ethnocentrism 民族优越感 race 人种

stereotype 成见

genocide 有计划的灭种和屠杀 anti-Semite反犹分子、反犹分子的 racial discrimination 种族歧视 bias 偏见

reinstatement 复员、复职 S

sabotage 阴谋破坏、怠工、破坏 single-parent family 单亲家庭 social evils 社会丑恶现象 social welfare 社会福利 food stamps 食品救济券

foreign aid 外援

medicaid 医疗补助

medicare and medicaid医保（保健医疗制度和医疗补助制度）

social security 社会保障

U

urban legend 都市传奇

V

values 价值观

vicious circle 恶性循环

virtuous circle 良性循环

保持国民经济发展的良好势头

maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy

暴发户 new rich;upstart

保护伞 protective umbrella

本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the Twelve Terrestrial Branches；

本土化localization

奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life

本本主义 bookishness

闭门羹 given a cold shoulder

views on life 人生观

W

way of life/ life style 生活方式

SECTION Ⅱ： 中译英 8

爱国运动 patriotic movement

AA制 Dutch treatment/ go Dutch

A 股市场 A-share market

爱国民主人士 patriotic democratic personages

爱国统一战线 patriotic united front

安家费 settling-in allowance

暗箱操作 black case work

按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority

保证妇女、未成年人和残疾人的合法权益

protect legitimate rights and interest of women, minors and the handicapped

白热化 be white-hot

拜把兄弟 sworn brothers

摆架子 put on airs

白马王子 prince charming

拜年 pay new year‟s call

摆谱 put on airs/ show off/ keep up appearance

班车 shuttle bus

斑马线 zebra stripe

搬迁户 a relocated unit or household

半托/日托 daycare

半脱产 a partial sabbatical from work就是一边学习，一边工作。

搬运工人 transport worker

帮倒忙 trying to help but causing more trouble in the process

傍大款A girl finds a sugar daddy;be a mistress for a rich man;lean on a moneybags

包车 to charter a vehicle;a chartered vehicle 避税 evade tax

避嫌 avoid doing anything that may arouse suspicion 便当 fast food

博彩、博彩业 lottery industry

薄利多销 small profits but quick returns;small profits and good sales 残疾人 the disabled;the differently abled 成年 grow up;come of age 城市居民 city dweller;urbanite

大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 单亲 single parent 抵制运动 boycott

吊销执照 revoke license

独生子女 the only child in one‟s family

分工协作 coordination and distribution of responsibilities 福利彩票 welfare lotteries

公民、市民 citizen;city resident 户口簿 resident‟s booklet

纪念活动 commemorative activity

家政服务 household management service 结婚 get married 离婚 porce 再婚remarry

居委会 neighborhood committee;residence committee 流动人口 transient population 民工 migrant labor 名人celebrity

谋生 make a living

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor 派出所 local police station

贫富分化 polarization of wealth 乞丐 beggar

弃婴 abandoned child;foundling 青春期 puberty 青少年时代 adolescence 全国人口普查 nationwide census 全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 人口素质 quality of population 日常活动 daily activities 日常生活 daily life;everyday life 扫黄运动 anti-porn drive/campaign 社会保险 social insurance

人口自然增长 natural growth of the population 人口负增长 negative population growth 人口零增长zero population growth 生育 natality

计划生育 family planning

优生优育 better natal and prenatal care and better upbringing 生育能力 fertility

无生育力 infertile;barren;sterile 优生学 eugenics

人才 talent;talented person 社会地位 social status

社会福利彩票 social welfare lotteries

社会稳定 social stability

社交 socialize

社交活动 social activities

渗透、颠覆和分裂活动 infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities

生活津贴 allowance for living expenses ??

生活困难 be badly off

生活条件 living conditions

适者生存 survival of the fittest

寿命 life span

水货 smuggled goods

送温暖工程 heart-warming project

提高思想道德素质 upgrade the ideological and ethical standards

体力劳动 physical labor;manual work

体育彩票 sports lotteries

同胞 compatriot

文明祥和 civility and harmony

务工农民 migrant rural workers

希望工程 Hope Project

选民 voter;electorate

严重暴力犯罪 violent crimes

移民 immigrant

优秀传统 fine tradition

暂住证 temporary residence permit

职称 professional title

人口 population

人口控制 population control

人口质量 population quality

人口密度 population density

人口结构 population composition 人才库 talent bank;brain bank 人才交流talent exchange 人才流动talent flow 人才市场 talent market 人才流失 brain bleed 人才外流brain drain

人才断层 gap in talents ???

历史上的社会制度 social systems in history 25：23 史学 science of history 原始社会 primitive society 母系社会 matriarchal society 父系社会 patriarchal society 奴隶社会 slave society 封建社会 feudal society

资本主义社会 capitalist society 社会主义社会 socialist society 共产主义社会 communist society 社会制度 social systems 君主制monarchy

议会制 parliamentarism

民主集中制 democratic centralism 所有制 system of ownership 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the whole people 集体所有制 collective ownership

中国历史上的一些重大事件 major events in Chinese history

秦始皇统一中国 unification of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang 鸦片战争 Opium War

太平天国 Tianping Heavenly Kingdom 戊戌变法 the reform movement of 1898

辛亥革命 the 1911 revolution

新民主主义革命 new democratic revolution

五四运动 the May 4th of 1919

南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising

9.18事变 September 18th incident

长征 Long March

西安事变 Xi‟an Incident

卢沟桥事变 Lugouqiao Incident

南京大屠杀 Nanking massacre1937

抗日战争 war of resistance against Japan

authorization bill授权书 B

bad loans不良贷款 banking银行业

bankruptcy protection破产保护 boom迅速发展 brand names品牌 budget预算

budget deficit预算赤字 budget surplus预算盈余

解放战争 Chinese people‟s war of liberation

土地改革 land reform;Agrarian reform

整风运动 rectification movement

大跃进 the Great Leap Forward

文化大革命 the cultural revolution

十一届三中全会 the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

CHAPTER 2 REFORM & ECONOMY经济与改革

SECTION Ⅰ： 英译中15

A

a prudent monetary policy 稳健的货币政策

absolute advantage绝对优势

accounting会计学、账目清算、财会

accountant会计

accounting fraud作假帐

accounting scandal财务丑闻

financial statement财务报表

keep the public informed of the financial affairs财务公开

acquire购置、获取、购买、取得所有权

acquisition of assets购置资产

active balance顺差

aggregate demand 总需求

aggregate supply 总供给

allocation of financial resources金融资源配置

ample supply 供应充裕

an average annual increase/ annual return年均利润

anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施

areas for the market access市场准入领域

asset资产

associate company 联营公司

autarky 自给自足、经济独立

budgetary items预算项目 business cycle商业周期 business fraud商业欺诈

business mechanism创业机制

business prototype商业原型、商业模型 C

capital 资本、资金、资产 capital flow资金流量 cash bonuses现金奖励 cash flow 现金流量 cashier's check 本票

certificated public accountant注册会计师 commerce clause 商业条款 commercialization 商品化 commodity商品

common law习惯法、不成文法 company公司

corporate 公司、企业

conglomerate company集团企业、跨行业大企业firm公司，尤指合股合伙公司 enterprise企业、公司、事业 business 工商企业、商务业务

establishment公司、企业、商业机构 house 商业机构、出版公司 outfit 企业、商业组织 venture企业

comparative advantage相对优势

competition and comparison竞争比较 competition mechanism竞争机制 competition竞争 contract 合同

consumer‟s association消费者协会 consumer confidence消费者信心 consumer expectations消费预期 conventional industries传统产业 core competitiveness核心竞争力 cost 成本

cost effectiveness成本效应 cutting edge优势 D dealer经销商

emerging market新兴市场

employment insurance就业保险金

annexation and reorganization of enterprises企业兼并重组 corporate/ entrepreneurial culture企业文化 corporate/ enterprise image企业形象 cross-national corporation跨国公司

enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit创业精神 entrepreneur企业家

entrepreneurship企业家身份

foreign capital enterprise外资企业

deflation通货紧缩

deposit定金、保证金

deprecation 贬值

depression萧条、经济不景气的一段时间

duate 贬值

discount rate贴现率

distribution 流通分配

persification of investment投资多元化

double, triple, quadruple两倍、三倍、四倍

E

economic globalization 经济全球化

economic growth经济增长

economic leverage经济杠杆作用

economic regulation经济调节

economic returns经济回报、经济效应

economics经济学

economic ills经济弊病

effective corporate management有效的公司管理

loose and tight management张弛有度的 PR（the public relation）公关

risk management风险管理

transparency management透明管理

the two-tier management system双层管理体制

top-down management自上而下的管理模式

make one‟s own management decisions自主经营

managerial and technical staff管理技术人员

managerial expertise管理知识

elasticity弹性、可塑性、灵活度

electronic dealing电子交易

electronic business电子商务

elite精英

foreign invested venture外资企业 inpidual initiative个人主动性 initial capital 启动资金

listing of a company 企业上市 multinational corporation跨国公司 team spirit团队精神 transformation转型

transnational corporation跨国公司 registered capital注册资本

overseas funded enterprises外资企业 F

fair competition公平竞争 federation 联邦

financial fraud金融欺诈 financial crisis金融危机 financial market金融市场 bullion market金银买卖市场 cash market现金市场 debt market债务市场 discount market贴现市场 equity market股本市场

foreign exchange and derivatives market外汇及衍生产品市场foreign exchange market外汇市场 global financial system全球金融体系 insurance market保险市场 securities market证券市场 fiscal 财政的

fiscal and monetary levers财经和货币杠杆 fiscal budget财政预算

fiscal policy财经政策、财务方针 fiscal year 财政

fiscal lever财政杠杆 fiscal levy财政税收

financial deficit财政赤字 fiscal revenue财政收入 national revenue财政收入 fixed assets固定资产

fund capital/venture capital 资金、资本、风险资金 future market 期货市场 G generate profit创利

equipment manufacturing industry装备制造业 heavy industry重工业

information industry信息产业

knowledge-intensive industry知识密集性产业 light industry轻工业 lottery industry博彩业

manufacturing industry制造业 monopoly industries垄断行业 rubber industry橡胶工业 secondary industry第二产业

GNP at factor cost按成本要素计算的国内生产总值

go public上市

go to chapter 11申请破产保护

go under倒闭

government spending政府开支

grey income灰色收入

Great Depression 大萧条

Gross domestic product 国内生产总值

Gross national product 国民生产总值

H

head-hunter 猎头公司

hedge保护、防御手段

hedge fund对冲基金

high return高收益、高回报

holiday economy假日经济

human capital 人力资本

hyper-inflation恶性通货膨胀

I

immediate yield直接汇报

incentive动力

industry工业、产业、行业

advertising industry广告业

aerospace industry 航空和航天工业

aircraft industry飞机制造工业

basic industry基础工业、重工业

book industry图书出版业

brewing industry啤酒酿造工业、酿制工业

capital-and-technology-intensive industries资金技术密集型产业

car industry汽车制造工业

electronic industry电子工业

entertainment industry娱乐业

service industry developing in all areas 服务业全面发展 textile industry纺织行业 tertiary industry第三产业 tourist industry旅游业 industrialization 工业化 infrastructure基础设施 interest cut降息

interest group利益集团 interest rate 利率

international competitiveness 国际竞争力 international settlement国际结算 J

joint effort共同努力 joint venture合资企业 joint stock system股份制 K

Keynes 凯恩斯

Keynesian theory凯恩斯经济理论 L

labor 劳动力

labor intensive industries劳动密集型产业 late charge 滞纳金 leasing 出租业务 legal person法人

legitimacy合理性、合法性

legitimate rights and interests正当权益 liability of fault过失责任

limited liability corporation有限责任公司 listed companies上市公司 logistics物流 M

M&A Macroeconomic control 宏观调控 Macroeconomics宏观经济学

make ends meet收支平衡、日子过得去 marginal return边际报酬 market市场

market persification市场多元化 market economy市场经济

market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查 market saturation市场饱和

patent专利

patent grant专利许可 patent law专利法规 pension退休金、养老金

per capita GDP人均国内生产总值 per capita income 人均收入 performance业绩

plunge;dip;down 猛跌、小跌、下跌 portfolio一组投资 positioning定位

market share市场占有率、市场份额

market supervision 市场监管

marketization市场化

market-oriented employment mechanisms市场导向的就业机制

mass production批量生产

mechanism机制

merger合并

merger and bankruptcy兼并破产

merit价值

microeconomics微观经济学

modern market economy现代市场经济

monetary货币的

European monetary integration欧洲货币一体化

convertible currency可兑换货币

monetary lever货币杠杆

monetary policy 货币政策

monetization货币化

withdrawal of currency from circulation货币回笼

monopoly垄断

multi-functionality多功能性

multi-lateral trade negotiation多边贸易谈判

O

old age pension养老保险制度

oligarchy寡头政治、寡头政治的执政团

oligopoly求过于供的市场情况

on-the-job training 岗位培训

opportunity cost机会成本

optimize优化

overheating过热

P

paragon模范、典范

potential market潜在市场

practical productive forces现实生产力 primary productive forces第一生产力

printing and packaging business 包装印刷业 private enterprise私营企业 private property私人财产 private sector私营部分 privatization私有化 produce农产品 productivity生产力 profit利润

promotion促销 propaganda宣传

proprietary intellectual property rights自主知识产权protectionism保护主义 public sector公共部门 public services公共服务 purchasing power购买力 Q

quality control质检 R

raffle 抽奖售货

real economy实体经济 recession 衰退、不景气 regime政权、机制 rent 租金

regional protectionism地方保护主义 resources资源

restructure改组、重组 retail gap零售空间 S

saturation;be saturated n./ adj.饱和 sales volume n.销售额 satellite town n.卫星城 savings n.储蓄

scale operation n.规模经营 scarcity n.缺乏 securities n.证券

stock , bond, securities 股票，债券，证券

securities, options and futures 证券、期权及期货 A share A股

speculative ad,j.投机性的 stabilize prices v.稳定物价

start / build… from scratch v.从零开始； 白手起家 storage and transport n.储运

strategic planning n.战略部署，战略计划 strong（currency）adj.（货币）坚挺 strong demand n.需求强劲 subsidy n.补助金，津贴 sunrise industry n.朝阳产业 sunset industry n.夕阳产业

B share B 股

bear market 熊市

bull market 牛市

China's Securities Regulatory Commission（csrc）中国证监会

joint stock company 参股公司

long-term government bonds 长期国债

long-term treasury bonds for construction 长期建设国债

rally 反弹，股市价格和成交额在下跌后显着的上升

the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业指数

the Nasdaq composite index 纳斯达克综合指数

the Nikkei average 日京指数

s & p（Standard and Poor's composite Index））标准普尔指数

London SE（stock exchange）伦敦证券交易所

New York se 纽约证券交易所

Shanghai se 上海证券交易所

Shenzhen se 深圳证券交易所

seeking financing by listing on the stock market 上市融资

securities investment 证券投资

state stock reduction;reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持

state-held shares 国有股

stock index 股票指数

stock option 股票期权

treasury bonds（t-bonds）国库券

the securities and futures ordinance（sfo）证券及期货条例

separation of powers n.权利分离

SEC（securities and exchange commission）（美）证券交易委员会

slump n./v.（经济）衰退，滑坡

soar / surge / climb n./v.（价格）上涨

soho（small office;home office）soho一族（小型办公室和家庭办公室）

solvency [ ] n.偿付能力

sources of investment n.投资主体

supply n.供给

supply side economics n.供方经济学 T-hour service n.全天候服务 tangible benefits n.实惠

technology-intensive product n.技术密集产品 tender-invitation n.招商

the distribution（allocation）of resources n.资源配置 the economic structure n.经济结构 the industrial structure n.产业结构

the macro-control system n.宏观调控体系 the market system n.市场体系 the open economy n.开放型经济

the order of the market economy n.市场经济秩序 the potentially largest market潜在的最大市场 the world trade organization世贸组织 trade n./v.贸易

ASEAN（Association of South-East Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟ASEAN Free Trade Area 东盟自由贸易区 EU（European Union）欧盟

chamber of import and export trade 进出口商会 diary product 奶制品

durable consumer goods, consumer durables 耐用消费品 FMCG（fast-moving consumer goods）快速消费品 grassland farming 牧业 horticultural product 园艺品 ice-free harbor 不冻港

L/C（letter of credit）信用证 lamb 羊羔

milk powder奶粉 mutton 羊肉

produce 农产品

protectionism 保护主义 quotation of prices 报价单 retail market 零售市场

sea and air shipping service 海上和空中运输服务 single-product export country 单一产品出口国 steel 钢铁

the most competitive products 拳头产品 timber 木材

timber product 木器

SECTION Ⅱ： 中译英30

按劳分配 distribution according to one‟s performance 按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority 保税区bounded zone

奔小康 strive for relatively comfortable life 博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia 不良贷款 bad loans

产品本土化 product localization 产业不景气 industrial depression

产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries trade balance 贸易平衡

trade bloc 贸易集团（如：欧盟）

trade conflicts 贸易冲突

trade in commodities and services 商品和服务贸易

trade monopolies and regional blockades 行业垄断和地区封锁

trade sanction 贸易制裁

trade deficit（surplus）贸易逆差 / 顺差

trade volume 贸易额

wholesale market 批发市场

wool export 羊毛出口

traditional industries n.传统产业

transaction n.交易

triple n./v./adj.增长两倍

turnover n.销售额

TV shots n.电视广告

TQC（Total Quality Control）n.全面质量管理

U

unemployment insurance失业保险

unemployment rate失业率

urban economics城市经济学

utility设施

V

venture capital风险资金

veto 否决

vicious circle恶性循环

Virtual Economy虚拟经济

virtuous circle良性循环

W

welfare state福利国家

work force职工总数、劳动力

world multi-polarization世界多极化

产业格局 industrial pattern

产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure 超负荷运转 overloaded operation 承包责任制 the contract responsibility 城市经济学 urban economics

城乡居民收入 income of urban and rural residents 城镇化 urbanization

城镇居民可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income 持续快速健康发展 sustained, rapid and sound development 充足的发展空间 ample room for development 重复生产 duplication of production 出口加工区 export processing zone

出口商品和服务 goods and services for export 储运 storage and transport 传统产业 traditional industries

传销 pyramid sales;multi-level marketing 创业机制business mechanism

刺激经济活动 stimulate economic activities 刺激有效需求 stimulate effective demand

促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 大幅度跃升 rise by a big margin 大开发 the large-scale development 带动经济增长 spur economic growth 独资公司 exclusively-funded venture 翻两番 quadruple

繁荣与稳定 prosperity and stability

非公有制经济 non-public sectors of the economy 风险资金 venture capital 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner

房产权威部门 housing authority

住房贷款 housing loan

房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate

个人购房贷款 inpidual housing loan

按揭 mortgage

物业 property management

房地产开发商 real estate developer

未售出的存量房 stockpile of unsold houses

房契、产权 title

改革的力度 the momentum of reform

改组、重组 restructure

高新技术产业 high and new technology industries

个人消费贷款 inpidual consumption loan

个体、私营 self-employed or private enterprises

更具活力更加开放的经济体系 a more open and viable economic system

工业园区 industrial park

公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system

公投 referendum

公有制经济 the public sector of the economy

股份制 joint-stock system

固定资产投资 investment in the fixed assets

国际信托投资 international trust and investment

国民经济 the national economy

国民经济的支柱 pillar of the national economy

国民经济命脉 the lifeline of the national economy

国有经济的布局和结构 layout and structure of the state sector

国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOE）

国有企业改革和发展 the reform and development of state-owned enterprises

合法经营 lawful business operations

黑市 black market

基础设施 infrastructure

减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency

节约的，经济的economical

经济弊病economic ills

经济带economic belts

经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth

经济杠杆作用economic leverage

经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic structure

经济全球化 economic globalization

经济特区 special economic zones（SEZ）

经济文化交流 economic and cultural exchanges

经济效益好 good economic returns

经济增长 economic growth

经济总量 economic aggregate

可持续发展 sustainable development

跨越式发展 leapfrog development

扩大内需 expand domestic demand

拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

劳动力 labor

劳务输出 export of labor services

两岸经济合作 cross-straits economic cooperation

民营科技企业 non-public scientific and technological enterprises

南北差距 the north-south gap

农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor

农业的市场竞争力 competitiveness of agriculture in the market

泡沫经济bubble economy

贫富悬殊 income disparity

贫困地区 impoverished areas

贫困人口 impoverished people

瓶颈制约 bottleneck restrictions

取得领先地位 assume leadership

取缔非法收入 outlaw illegal gains

人民币非常坚挺 the RMB is very strong/ firm

三资企业（中外合资企业、中外合作企业、外商独资企业）

Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China

社会经济稳定 social and economic stability

社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment

社会生产落后 the backwardness of social production

社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy

社会主义现代化建设 socialist modernization

深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE（state-owned enterprises）reform

生活富裕 an affluent life

世界经济波动world economic fluctuations

市场经济秩序 the order of the market economy

市政工程 municipal works;public works

试点工程、试点项目 pilot project

收入悬殊 excessive disparity in income

私营部分 private sector

私营企业 private enterprise

商业银行 commercial banks 建设银行 construction bank 工商银行 industrial & commercial bank 中国银行 bank of China 农业银行 agricultural bank 交通银行bank of communications 招商银行 merchants bank 税收taxation 农业税 agricultural tax 保税区 bonded area 消费税 consumption tax 个人所得税 personal income tax 财产税 property tax 保护关税 protective duty/tariff 岁入税；关税收入revenue tax 营业税 sales tax 关税 tariff 逃税、漏税 tax evasion 免税期 tax holiday 纳税人 tax payer 税收政策 tax policy 税收减除 tax relief 脱贫致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 拓宽消费领域expand the scope of consumption 投资 investment 投资地点investment destination 投资环境investment environment 投资机构investment institutions 投资热investment fever 投资者investor 投资政策investment policy W 外商直接投资foreign direct investment 外向型经济outward-looking economy 外资企业overseas-funded enterprises;foreign-funded company 完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy 温饱 having only adequate food and clothing 稳定物价 stabilize prices 稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy 外汇 foreign exchange 外汇储备 reign exchange reserves 外汇管理局 SAFE（State Administration of Foreign Exchange）

外汇管制 foreign exchange control

外汇汇率 foreign exchange rate

外商直接投资 direct foreign investment

X

西部地区China's western region

西部大开发 the large-scale development of China‟s western region

下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers

消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending

消费者权益日 International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests

国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation

新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy

需求疲软weak demand

Y

亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis

衣食住用行food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities

优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure

Z

招商inviting tenders;leasing

振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry

政府资助项目government-sponsored programs

质检QC（quality check）

中部地区the central region

中长期国外投资medium-and long-term foreign investment

中国出口商品交易会（广交会）China Export Commodities Fair（Guangzhou Fair）

中国加入世贸组织China's entry into the WTO

中国购物中心论坛 China Shopping Center Forum

中国电信 China Telecom

中国联通 China Unicom

中国移动 China Mobile

中信（中国国际信托投资公司）Citic group

中央银行 the Central Bank / PBOC

专卖店 exclusive agency;franchised store

资源消耗低low resources consumption

资源优化配置 optimize resource allocation

自负盈亏responsible for one's own profits and losses

自给自足autarky

自由贸易free trade

自由贸易区free trade zone

自由职业人员free-lance professionals

重点项目 key project

国家重点工程national key projects

南水北调 South-to-North water persion

西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project

西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project

第三章 文化，艺术，娱乐

Section I 英译中

音乐

aria n.独唱曲，咏叹调

background music n.背景音乐

band n.乐队

baritone n.男中音

bass n.低音部，男低音，低音乐器

beat n.节奏，鼓点

brass n.铜管乐器，或铜管乐队

Broadway musicals n.百老汇音乐剧

canon n.卡农，一种乐曲形式，其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复，同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合 chord n.和弦，和音

composer n.作家，作曲家

concerto n.协奏曲

conductor n.管弦乐队、合唱队指挥

contemporary music n.当代音乐

crescendo n.声音渐增，渐强

decrescendo n.渐弱

dissonanc n.不谐和音，不一致

duet n.二重奏

finale n.（戏剧的）最后一场，结局，终曲，（电视剧）最后一集

flat n.[音]降半音

fox trot n.狐步舞，狐步舞曲

fugue n.[音]赋格曲

genre n.类型，流派

acid jazz 酸性爵士

alternative 另类（非主流）音乐，如gay music（同性恋音乐）

bluegrass 蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐，特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏

blues 布鲁斯歌曲（蓝调音乐）

Celtic 凯尔特音乐（尤指爱尔兰风格）

classical 古典乐

country 乡村音乐

dance 劲爆蹦迪音乐

easy listening轻音乐

electronica 电子音乐

environmental music 环境音乐

experimental 实验音乐

folk 民族音乐

fusion 融合音乐

heavy metal / hard rock 重金属摇滚

hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦乐，又译嘻哈

house 电子乐的一种（注：Hip Hop或Rap源于纽约黑人区，House Music源于芝加哥，但多为白人所作，同时House Music主要为强调Bass Line及Drums的音乐花招，并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。）

Indie-Rock独立音乐（属于另类音乐）

jazz 爵士乐

Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯

Latin 拉丁乐

musicals 音乐剧

New Age 新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐，例如风琴、吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名

Punk /New wave 朋克 / 新浪潮

R & B 节奏布鲁斯

Rap 说唱

Reggae 雷鬼乐，一种风格独特的牙买加音乐

Retro 怀旧音乐

Soft rock 慢摇滚

soul music（美国黑人）爵士灵歌，结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点

soundtrack 电影配乐

swing 摇摆乐，形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐，以爵士乐为基础，但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队

Techno 强烈动感的电子音乐

Trance 非常Hi的电子舞曲，迷幻电子乐

gospel n.福音音乐

harmony n.[音]和弦，和声，悦耳的声音组合 hymn n.赞美诗，圣歌v.唱赞美歌

improvisation n.即席创作

lip synching v./n.对口型，假唱

lyrics n.抒情诗，歌词

march n.[音] 进行曲

melody n.旋律

opera n.歌剧

opus n.作品

orchestra n.管弦乐队

a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments

percussion n.打击乐器，鼓点

polka n.波尔卡舞曲

pop music n.流行音乐，通俗音乐

quartet n.四重奏，四重唱

Renaissance n.文艺复兴，有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐

the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600;the style of music from this period

repertoire n.（准备好演出的）节目，保留剧目

an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble

Requiem Mass n.安魂曲

a Mass for the dead

rhumba n.（=rumba）伦巴舞蹈，伦巴乐曲

a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba

rhythm n.节奏，韵律

rock n.摇滚乐

salsa n.萨尔萨舞曲，拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲

samba n.桑巴舞（一种源自非洲的巴西舞）

score n.乐谱

solo n.独奏曲，独唱

sonata n.[音]奏鸣曲

a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment

soprano n.女高音

symphony n.交响乐，交响曲

tango n.探戈

an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps

tempo n.（音乐）速度、拍子，发展速度

the speed of the music, based on the beat

tenor n.[音] 男高音

a high pitched male voice

theme n.[音] 主题，主题曲，主旋律

theme and variations n.[音]主题与变奏

trio n.三重唱

vocal range n.音域

waltz n.华尔兹舞，华尔兹舞曲

SECTION II: 中译英

2.1 中国文化

四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

[扩展]

火药gunpowder

印刷术 printing

造纸术paper-making

指南针the compass

中国古代哲学家 Ancient Chinese Philosophers

孔子 Confucius

孟子Mencius

老子 Lao Tzu

庄子Chuang Tzu

墨子Mo Tzu

孙子Sun Tzu

（注：see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言见附录）

道Tao , “the way”，the principle of the workings of the universe

仁 humaneness（also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue）

四书The Four Books

《大学 》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》The Analects of Confucius

《孟子》The Mencius

书法五大书体five major styles of calligraphy

篆书 seal script / seal character

隶书 official script / clerical script

行书 running script / semi-cursive script

草书 cursive script

楷书 regular script / standard script

中国画 traditional Chinese painting

水墨画Chinese brush painting;ink and wash painting

工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting

六艺： six classical arts

[扩展]

礼rites

乐music

射archery

御riding

书writing

数arithmetic

孙子兵法The Art of War

汉字 Chinese character

（汉字）笔画 stroke

偏旁部首 radical

书写体系 writing system

汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan

汉学家Sinologist / Sinologue

中国热 Sinomania

同宗同源 of the same origin

华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors

单音节 single syllable

汉语有 “合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical”（Edward Sapir, American linguist）

汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters

level tone阳平

rising tone阴平

falling-rising tone上声

falling tone去声

武术 martial art

中国武术 Kung fu

武术门派 styles or schools of martial art

习武健身practice martial art for fitness

古代格斗术ancient form of combat

中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Art Association

武林高手top martial artist

气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises

柔道 judo

空手道Karate

跆拳道tae kwon do

拳击boxing

摔跤wrestling

击剑fencing

仗剑走天涯walk the earth（with a sword）

武侠小说 tales of roving knights;kung fu novels

中国文学Chinese literature

《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

《西游记》 Journey to the West;Pilgrimage to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

《山海经》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror；Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

《西厢记》 the Romance of West Chamber

《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes;Tales of the Water Margin

《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio;Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio

《围城》Fortress Besieged

《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q

春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals

史记 Historical Records

诗经 The Books of Songs；the Book of Odes

书经 The Books of History

易经 I Ching;the Book of Changes

礼记 the Book of Rites

孝经Book of Filial Piety

三字经 three-character scripture； three-word chant

八股文 eight-part essay;stereotyped writing

五言绝句 five-character quatrain

七言律诗