第一篇：英语课堂教学用语新编

英语课堂教学用语新编

星沙英语网

目前，随着我国中小学英语教学开始进入一个全新的发展时期，课堂教学中更加强调英语口语的应用，而其中英语课堂用语的使用频率很高，为适应新形势对英语课堂教学管理的发展要求，满足教学法课程的教学需要，本人编辑了《英语课堂教学用语新编》。该册子语言准确规范地道、简明实用，具有针对性，附有必要注释说明，配有录音，可供在校师范生、实习生（trainee teachers）和中小学教师（in-service teachers）参考使用。

陈振光（韶关学院外语系教学法教师）2005.3

I.Before Class Begins 课前 Belling 打铃

The bell’s rung.铃响过了。

Has the bell rung / gone ? 铃响过了吗？ Is that the bell? 是打上课铃吗？

Will the bell ring soon? 就要打铃了吗？

The bell will ring in no time/in a minute.就要打铃了。How many minutes are there to go? 还有几分钟？ How long is there to go ? How much longer have we got ? There are still five minutes to go（until the bell goes）.（离响铃）还有五分钟。The bell will ring in five minutes.There goes the bell.铃响了。

There's the bell.Is that the first bell or the second bell? 是预备铃还是上课铃？ The second bell has rung / gone.上课铃响了。

Readiness 准备就绪

It is nearly time for class.Hurry up!就要上课了，快点！Come on./ Step on it!快点，快走。

Quick!The bell is ringing.快点！铃响了。

You'd better hurry.你最好快点。You'd better get a move on.Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点，不然，你就要迟到了。

There goes the bell.I'm just in time.Let's go in.正响着铃呢，我们正赶上。我们进去吧。

Hurry up so that we can start the lesson．快点，我们就开始上课了。Please / Let's get everything ready for class.请把上课用品准备好。Be ready for class.准备上课。Class is about to begin.就要上课了。Are you ready for class? 准备好了吗？

Are you ready to begin ? 准备开始吗？

Have you got everything ready for class ?

上课用品准备好了吗？ It's time to start now.该开始上课了。

Let's start our lesson now, shall we ? 我们现在开始上课好吗？

Now we can get down to...我们可以开始。。Let’s get started.我们开始吧。

I hope you are all ready for today's English lesson.我希望你们都作好了上今天的英语课的准备。

Be quiet, please!请安静！

Silence, please!I don't want any more noise.请不要讲话。

I'm waiting for you to be quiet.我在等你们安静下来。

We won't start until everyone is quiet.你们安静下来才开始上课。Stop talking now so that we can start.Settle down now so we can start.I think we can start.我想现在可以上课了。

Where did we stop / leave off last time? 上次我们上到哪儿？

How far did we get last time ? Where did we finish / stop reading last time ? 上次我们读到哪儿？

What were we talking about last time ? 上次我们讲些什么？

Let me refresh your memory.Last time we talked about…我来提醒一下。上次我们讲…… If I remember correctly / rightly, we were on page 42.Last time we got to line 20.上次我们讲到第42页。

If you can recall what I said last time about…假如你能回忆起上次我讲的关于…… Let's revise some of the things we did last time.让我们复习上次我们上的一些内容。Where was I ? 上次我教到哪里了?(多半对自己发问)Who has finished ? 谁做好了? Who has done them all ?谁已经全部做好了 ? Have you all finished ? 你们全都准备好了吗 ? Anybody not finished ? 有谁没做完吗 ? How far have you got ?你做完了多少 ? Which question are you on ?你在做哪一题 ? Where are you up to ? 你做到哪里了? Who's next? 下一个是谁? Whose turn is it next ? 下一个轮到谁 ? Who is the next one to try ? 下一个谁来试试 ? Your turn.轮到你了。You next.Now you.You're next.Who hasn't had a turn ? 还有谁没轮到 ? Who else is there ? Who's left ?

You have already had a turn.你已经轮到过一次了。

II.Class Begins 开始上课 Greetings 问候

Good mourning, everybody / boys and girls / Children.Sit down, please.Hello, everyone/class.同学们好。喂，魏芳。Hello there, Wei Fang.喂，魏芳。

Let me introduce myself.My name is Mr/Mrs/Miss….I’m your new English teacher.让我作自我介绍。我是。。先生/夫人/小姐。我是新来的英语教师。

I’m a teacher trainee and I’ll be teaching you English this week.I’ve got five lessons with you.我是实习教师，本周将教你们英语。我将给你们上五节课。

Registering 点名

I'll just make / check the register.现在我就点名了。Now I'm going to call the roll.Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗 ? Are you all here ? / Are you all present ? Who is on duty today ? 今天谁值日 ? Absence 缺席

Is there anyone absent ? 有谁缺席 ?

Who is absent ? / Anyone absent ? Who isn't here ? Who is absent / missing today ? 今天谁缺席 ? What's the matter with Tom today ? 汤姆今天怎么啦 ? What's wrong with Tom today ? Has anybody any idea where Mary is today ?有谁知道玛丽在哪儿？ Why is Green absent ? 格林为什么缺席？ I don't know why he is absent.He's ill / sick.他病了。

He's not well.他不舒服。

He's got a cold./ He's caught a cold.他感冒了。He has asked for sick leave.他请病假了。He's on sick leave.He's got leave to be absent.他请假了。He’s on leave.He's asked for personal leave.他请事假了。He's absent on business.他因公务请假了。He went home on leave.他请假回家了。

He has got something important to do.他有要紧的事。

He has been kept at home by something important.他在家有要事。I haven't seen him today.我今天没有看见他。

He wasn't here yesterday, either.他昨天也没来。

He wasn't feeling very well, so he went home.他有点不舒服，所以回家去了。He's at the doctor's.他去看医生了。

He's gone for an X-ray / a medical examination.他去X光透视/体检了。He has probably missed the bus.他可能没赶上公共汽车。He has got a temperature.他发烧了。

Lateness 迟到

May I come in ?我可以进来吗？

Yes, please do./ Yes, of course you may.当然可以。Why are you late ? 你为什么迟到？ Where have you been ? 你上哪儿去了？

We started ten minutes ago.我们上课已有十分钟了。What have you been doing? 你一直在做什么？

Did you oversleep, miss your bus ? 你睡过头了，没赶上公共汽车？ I'm sorry I'm late.请原谅，我迟到了。I've been to see the doctor.我刚才去看医生了。I missed my bus.我没赶上公共汽车。

I overslept because I stayed up too late last night.我睡过头了，因为昨晚睡得很迟。Our clock was slow.我家钟慢了。

I see.Well, sit down and let's get started.我知道了，好吧，坐下，我们开始吧。

That's all right.Sit down and we can start.没关系，坐下吧，我们可以开始了。Go to your seat.We have already begun the lesson.到座位上去，我们开始上课了。Come earlier next time.Don't be late any more.下次早点来，别再迟到了。Try not to be late next time.下次别迟到了。

Try to be here on time next time.下次要准时来上课。Don't let it happen again.下次别再发生这样的事。Let this be the last time.但愿这次是最后一次。

That's the second time this week.这是本周内第二次迟到了。

I'll have to report you if you're late again.如果你再迟到，我就得向上报告了。

III.The plan which the lesson will follow / Warming up宣布教学目的/准备活动 Now let's begin(the class).现在开始上课。

Have you prepared your lessons?功课准备好了吗？

Did you look over your lessons?功课看过了吗？

Did you revise/go over the lessons before class?课前功课复习了吗？ We’ll finish this off today.今天我们将结束这个（这一课）。

We have two more paragraphs to do.I hope I can wind up the lesson today.我们还有两段课文要讲。我希望今天能结束这一课。

Yesterday we went at far as the second paragraph.昨天我们讲到第二段。

Let’s start/go on/continue from where we left off yesterday.我们接着昨天的讲吧。The aim of this lesson is to teach the use of “may” and “can”.这节课的目的是教“may”和 “can”的用法。

In this class most of our time will be devoted to dialogues.这节课，我们主要学习对话。We are going to review the old lessons today.今天我们要上复习课。

We’ll do three things today: first we’ll review …，second, we’ll learn …,third, we’ll have some oral practice.今天，我们要做三件事：第一，复习。。，第二，学习。。，第三，做些口语练习。Today, we shall have a general review of what we have learned so far.今天，我们要复习一下到现在为止所学的东西。

I’ll elaborate on what I said yesterday.我将对昨天所讲的再补充说一下。

We’ll go over a little of what we did yesterday.我们来复习一下昨天所学的东西。

We're going to have a new lesson today.We shall first read and explain the new words.Then we shall learn the text.今天我们上新课。先读生词，接着解释生词，然后学习课文。

Today we shall study the text first, then I'll ask you questions.If time permits, we shall have a short dictation.今天我们先学课文，然后提问。如果时间允许，我们就进行一小段听写。

Today the class will be conducted in this way: First we'll go over the text, then we'll do Pattern Drill 2 with the substitutes.And finally we'll do some written exercises.今天这堂课这样安排：首先复习课文，然后做替换练习2，最后做些笔头练习。

Today we shall have aural comprehension.I shall read the material three times.After that you will retell the story.Don't write down anything while I'm reading, but listen to me attentively.You can use your own words in your retelling.今天我们有听力训练。我将材料读三遍，然后你们复述。我读的时候不准记笔记，但要仔细听。复述时可以用自己的话。

Today I'll give you a short story for silent reading.you'll be given 20 minutes for reading without the help of the dictionary.After that you will answer some questions.今天给你们一篇短文默读。不要查词典，20分钟后回答几个问题。

Today we'll have listening practice.After that we'll sum up the uses of the definite article.今天做听力练习。然后总结定冠词的用法。

Today we'll have an end-of-the-unit test.Get out your exercise books.今天进行单元测验。请拿出练习本。

During the test no one is allowed to ask any questions.Ask me now if you have any questions.测验时，不许提问题，如果有问题，现在就提。

IV.Teaching Activity 教学活动 Finding page 翻书页

Open your books at page 37.把书翻到37页。The exercise is on page 64.练习在64页。

Turn over./ Turn over the page./ Over the page.? Turn to the next page.翻到下一页。Next page, please.Let's move on to the next page.让我们翻到下一页。Turn back to page 62.翻回到62页。

Turn back to the previous page.翻回到前一页。

Refer back to the text notes on page 18.回过来查阅27页上的课文。

About the Text 有关课文

Now the text.This short text is selected from a novel(magazine / newspaper).现在讲课文。这篇短文选自小说（杂志/报纸）。

This text is adopted from a short story.这篇课文是由短篇小说改写的。

I shall tell you something about the author's life.我将讲一下作者的生平。

I shall give you a brief account of the author's life.现在我简略叙述一下作者的生平。I think you've all previewed the text.Who would like to say something about the text ?我想你们都预习了课文。谁来讲讲课文大意？

I shall give you the general idea of the text.现在我给你们讲一下课文大意。

We'll read this paragraph first and then explain the difficult sentences and language points.我们先将这一段读一遍，然后再解释难句和语言点。

Have you got any questions about this paragraph？这一段有问题吗？

What is the theme / central idea of this essay ?这篇短文的主题/中心思想是什么？ When/Where did the story take place ?这故事发生在什么时候/哪儿？

What / Who is the story about ? 这故事讲的是什么？

This paragraph contains a very good description.I hope you will learn it by heart.这一段描写得很好，希望你们把它背出来。

Say something about what you have learned from the hero.谈谈你从故事主人公身上学到了什么？

The hero of this novel / play sets us a good example.I'm deeply moved.小说/剧本的主人公给我们树立了一个很好的榜样。我深受感动。

How do you like the story ? Give your reasons.你觉得这个故事怎样？谈出理由。What is your impression of the story ?你对这个故事有什么印象？ What strikes you most in this lesson ?这一课使你感受最深的是什么？ What does the story teach us ?这个故事给了我们什么样的教育？

We have gone too far from the subject.We had better come back to the essay.我们扯得太远了，还是回到这篇文章上来。

I hope I can wind up the lesson today.我希望今天能结束这一课。

First we shall ask each other questions, then one student will sum up the lesson.我们先相互提问，然后请一位同学总结课文。

After the questions one student will retell the story.提问后要请一位同学复述课文。Language work语言学习

What does it mean ?这是什么意思？

What's the meaning of it ? What's the Chinese(word)for “computer”?“计算机”用汉语怎么说？ What's this sentence in Chinese ? 这个句子用汉语怎么说？ How would you translate this word / phrase into Chinese ? How do you say “at sea” in Chinese ? “at sea”用汉语怎么说？ What do you call it in English ?这个用英语怎么说？

How do you say it in English ? How do you express it in English ? What is the English equivalent of the Chinese word “纪律” ? 汉语“纪律”在英语的对应词是什么？

Could you put that into Chinese for us ? 请你替我们把那个译成汉语好吗？ Don't translate word for word.不要逐字硬译。In English, please.请用英语说。Say it in English, please.Try it in English.试用英语说说看。Reading 朗读与说

Please read the text to yourselves.默读课文。Familiarize yourselves with the text.把课文读熟。Let's read the text aloud.让我们大声朗读课文。Start reading from line 5.从第5行开始读。

Read the first ten lines.读前8行。

Read as far as/down to the end of the chapter.读到这章的结尾。One Read to the end of line 6.读到第6行结尾。Let's take(it in)turns to read.让我们轮流读。after the other, please.请依次朗读。Another sentence, please.请再读一句。Finish the sentence(off).读完这一句。

Don't stop in the middle of the sentence.不要在句中停下来。Stop there, please.请在这儿停下来。That's enough, thank you.够了，谢谢。Go on reading, David.大卫，继续读。

Read the next bit / section / paragraph, will you, Mary.玛丽，请你读下面一部分/一节/一段。Next, please./ Next one, please.请下一个读。Someone else, please.请别的同学读。

Mary, go on from where Bill left off.玛丽，请从比尔停下来的地方读起。Let's all read the sentences from the board.让我们一起读黑板上的句子。

We'll read them again, but this time all together.我们把这些再读一遍，不过这次我们大家一起读。

Now, read in chorus after me.现在全班跟我念。Now, let’s read it together.现在我们一起念。Read aloud.大声念。

Read slowly and loudly.慢慢地大声地念。

Reading aloud is very important.朗读是非常重要的。I’ll read it three times.我把它念三遍。

All together now, please.现在大家一起读。The whole class, please.请全班一起读。Let's read in chorus.让我们齐声朗读。Let's all say it together.现在我们一起念。Say it with me.和我一起念。Say it distinctly.清晰地说出来。

Say it clearly.清楚地说出来。

I can’t understand what you said.我不懂你说什么。You’ve read quite fluently/well.你念得相当流利/好。You’ve mispronounced one word.你念错了一个词。Is it correct, class? 这对吗，同学们？ Not so good.不很好。That’s better.这样好些。

Read with proper expression.用适当的表情朗读。

This sentence should be read with the rising tune.应该用升调来朗读这个句子。No, you said “night” instead of light.不对，你把“night”念成“light”。Don’t use the nasal sound.不要用鼻音。

Be sure to practice on it again and again.要反复不断地练习。

He used the falling tune instead of the rising tune.他把升调念成降调。

I’ll check on you/your pronunciation again tomorrow.明天我要检查你/你的发音。

You should read aloud for half an hour every early morning.你应该每天清晨朗读半小时。You still have some difficulties with your pronunciation.你的发音还有些困难。I’ll give you some more phonetic drills.我要再给你一些语音训练。

Practice these sounds over and over again until you pronounce them correctly.不断地进行练习，直到你能正确地发这些音。

Do you know all the phonemes? 你掌握了所有的音素吗？

Repeat it two or three times, will you?你重复地说两三次，好吗？

Read these sentences, paying attention to the rising tune.朗读这些句子，注意用升调。I can’t quite catch the pronunciation of this word.我把握不住这个词的发音。

Read the following dialogue with correct pronunciation and proper intonation.用正确的语音语调朗读下面的对话。

Read the transcribed passages with proper pause and correct intonation.用适当的停顿和正确的语调朗读用音标写成的段落。

Don’t put in extra syllables after consonants.在辅音后面不要另加音节。

The [s] sound at the end of the word should be pronounced distinctly.词末的[s]音必须清晰地发出。

Say it louder./ Speak it louder./ Louder./ Speak up.大声说。Let's read them once.让我们再说一遍。

Pay attention to the others when they read, catch their mistakes and make corrections.注意听别人朗读，看看有没有错误并给以纠正。

Read more distinctly/clearly/carefully/slowly, please.请读清楚/仔细/慢些。

Read more naturally, if you can.尽可能读得自然些。

Read more loudly and slowly so that everybody can hear you.读得响亮一些，慢一些，好让大家听到。

Read the endings of all these words distinctly.这些词的词尾都要读清楚。

You have read very well today, but you can do still better.今天你读得很好，你还能读得更好一些。

You read much better now than before.Keep it up.你现在比以前读得好多了。Read after me./ Now repeat after me.跟我读。

I'll read the text alone first, and then you'll read after me / follow my reading carefully.我把课文先读一遍，然后你们跟我仔细读。

I'm going to read the whole text.Listen to me, please.我要读课文，请听。Everybody, listen and repeat.大家先听，然后跟着读。All together now, please.现在大家一起读。

Everyone, say “ severe acute respiratory syndrome，or SARS ”.大家跟着读“severe acute respiratory syndrome，or SARS ”。All of you.你们大家一起读。

Not just this row.别只让这一排读。Now all the boys.现在全体男同学读。

Just the girls./ Girls only.只请女同学读。

Let's begin with the boys.男同学先开始（读）吧。This row.这一排（读）。The next group.下一组（读）。

The back row on its own.后面一排自己读。

Just the front row.前面一排（读）。

One after the other, please.请一个接一个（读）。

Take it in turns, starting here.大家轮流，从这里开始。

Join in with the rest of us, Mary.玛丽，你和我们大家一起读。Understanding 理解

Do you all understand ?你（们）都懂了吗？

Do you understand everything?你（们）全部都懂了吗？

Is there anything you don't understand ?你（们）还有什么不懂的地方？

Can you follow me ? / Can you follow what I've said ?你（们）能听懂我的话吗？ Do you catch / get my meaning ?你（们）懂我的意思吗？ Don't you see / get my meaning / point ? Can't you see my meaning / point ? Do you understand me thoroughly ?你们懂得透彻吗？

Do you understand all that I've said ?我讲的你（们）全懂了吗？

Do you know the meaning of all the words ?所有单词的意思你（们）都懂了吗？

Are there any words you don't know the Chinese for ?有什么单词的汉语对应词你（们）不懂吗？

Are there any phrases you don't know the meaning of ?还有什么短语的意思你们不懂的？ Is everything clear(to you)?你（们）都明白了吗？

Can I help you with any words or phrases ?有什么单词或短语需要我讲解吗？ Are there strange words or expressions ?有什么生疏的单词或短语吗？ Are there any questions in this text ?课文还有什么问题吗？

Has anybody got anything to ask about this text ?有谁对课文还有问题？ Who else has a question to ask ?还有谁有问题？

Is there anything else you would like to ask about ?你还有别的什么问题吗？ Are there any points you're not sure of ?还有什么要点你（们）没有把握吗？ Is there anything you are unfamiliar with ?有什么东西你（们）不熟悉？

Is anything not clear to you ?有什么不清楚的地方吗？ Did I make everything clear to you ? 我都讲清楚了吗？

Please come to me if you don't quite understand.I'll be in the office after class.如果不太明白，请来问我。下课后我在办公室。

Please come to my office if you need my help.如果需要我帮助，请到办公室来。Don't hesitate to ask me if anything is not clear to you.有什么不清楚的地方，尽管问。Raise you hands if you can't follow me.听不懂就请举手。

Ask me if you can't catch my meaning.不懂我的意思就问我。

We'll look at some difficult points in this text.我们来看这课课文里的一些难点。We start with a look at some difficult structures.我们先看看一些不易弄清的语法结构。Let's look at the passage in more detail.让我们更仔细地阅读这一段。

Perhaps we should have a detailed look at this again.或许我们应当再仔细把这个看一遍。Look at line 6 for a moment.请看一下第6行。

I'd like to draw your attention to the word “SARS” in line 20.我想你们注意第20行中的“SARS”一词。

It's worth noticing how the word “aircraft” is used in line 5.第5行中“aircraft”一词的用法值得注意。

The meaning of this sentence is something like “ He was shocked ”.这句的意思有些像“He was shocked”。

Let's see if you've understood.让我们看看你（们）是否懂了。

Let's ask some questions about / on this passage.让我们就这一段提一些问题。

You had the job of preparing five questions each on this unit.你们每个人都要对这一单元准备5个问题。

I don't think you've had / met this word before.我想你们以前没有学过这个单词。Let's read through the vocabulary first.让我们先看一下词汇表。I think we had this verb last time.我想上次我们学过这个单词。

We looked at / dealt with these forms last week.上星期我们学过/讲过这些句子形式。We had this in your last lesson.上一课你们学过这个。

What's another way of saying “on earth” ? “on earth”的另一种说法是什么？

How else can you say the same thing ?相同的意思你还有什么别的说法？

Can you say the same thing, using different words ?你能用不同的词汇说出同样的意思吗？ Give a synonym for “rush”.举出“ rush”的同义词。

What is a synonym for “small” ? “small”的同义词是什么？

What's another word that means the same as “high” ?与“high”同义的另一个单词是什么？ What are two words that mean the same as “great” ? 与“great”同义的两个单词是什么？

Can you give me one word that means “to come back” ?你能给我举出一个与“to come back”同义的单词吗？

What's one word that means / for “out of work” ? 与“out of work”同义的单词是什么？ Give me a phrase that means approximately / more or less the same thing.给我举出一个意思相近的短语。

What does “blue” mean here ?这里的“blue”是什么意思？

In what sense is the word “cry” used here ?这里用“cry”一词是什么意思？ What does it mean in this context ? 在这样的上下文里，这个词是什么意思？ What does “PR” refer to in this sentence ? “PR”在这句里指什么？

What do the words in brackets / italics mean here ?括号里的/斜体的单词在这里是什么意思？ Use your own words，please。请用自己的话说。

Explain the meaning of this sentence, using your own words.请你用自己的话来解释这句的意思。

Can you paraphrase / summarize the last paragraph ?你能解释/概述最后一段吗？ Do you get / take me ? 你明白我的意思吗？

Do you see what I mean / my point ?你明白我的意思吗？ Do you know what I mean ? Do you get me？ You got it, didn't you ? Don't you see the point ? Are you there yet ?你明白了?吗？ Did you get the picture ? Get the message yet ?

Know what I'm driving at ?知道我说的意思吗？ Know what I'm getting at ? OK ?

OK so far ?到现在为止都懂了吗？

You have me, haven't you ? 你明白了吗？ Am I making myself clear ? 我说清楚了吗？ Did I make everything clear ? Did I make myself understood ? I don't know if I'm making myself clear.If there's anything you haven't understood, please say so.如果你还有什么不明白，请提出来。

Spelling & Punctuation 拼写与标点

Now we shall have a spelling check.现在我们检查听写。

Can you spell all the new words in this lesson ?课文中的生词你们都能拼写吗？ How do you spell the word ?这个词你怎么拼写？ How is “italics” spelt ? “italics”是怎样拼写的？

The word is spelt “i-t-a-l-i-c-s”.这个单词拼成“i-t-a-l-i-c-s” What is the correct spelling of this word ?这个词的正确拼法是什么？ Is there anything wrong with the spelling ?拼写上有错吗？

She dropped the final “e” from the word “schedule”.她把“schedule”中的最后一个“e” 漏写了。Spell it aloud.大声拼出这个词。

Spell it in English.用英语拼写这个词。

Have you spelt it right ?这个词你拼对了吗？

Let's see if you've spelt it right.让我们看看你是否拼对了。Can anybody correct Tom's spelling ?谁能纠正汤姆的拼写？ I'm afraid this is spelt wrong.恐怕这个拼错了。

I'm sorry, you've made a spelling mistake.很遗憾，你拼错了。There are two words you've spelt wrong.有两个词你拼错了。What letter is missing ? 什么字母漏掉了？

Is this letter right / correct ?这个字母对/正确吗？ There's a “k” missing./ A “k” is missing.字母“k”漏掉了。There's one letter too many / few.多了/ 少了一个字母。You've got one “I” too many / few.你多了/ 少了一个“I”。You need an extra letter here.这里你需要再加一个字母。

There should be an “o” instead of “u”.这里应该是“o” 而不是 “u”.Write it with a capital “J”.这个单词的“J”要大写。Spell it with small letters.用小写字母拼写这个单词。

The word begins/ends with the letter “p”.这个单词以字母“p”开始/结束。It's spelt the same as in French.这个单词与法语的拼法一样。Write it as one word / two words.把它写成一个/两个单词。

Write it separately / together.把它分开/合拢写。

These two letters are the wrong way round.这两个字母的先后次序写倒了。

Tom and Mary, you two come to the blackboard;the others please write in your exercise-books.I'll read each word twice.Please give me the spelling, meaning and part of speech of each word.Now look at the blackboard and see any words have been misspelled by either Tom or Mary.Did Tom spell the word “paece” correctly---No, he put the letter “e” after the letter “a”.That's wrong.The letter “a” should come after the “e”.汤姆和玛丽，你们两人到黑板上来，其他的人请写在练

习本上。每个词我读两遍，要求你们写出每个词的拼法、词义和词类。

You must try to remember the spelling rules, otherwise you are liable to make mistakes in your spelling.你们要设法记住拼写规则，否则容易拼错。

The spelling of certain numerals requires special attention, e.g., forty, eighth, and ninth.有几个数词的拼法需要特别注意，例如

Do the Americans spelling this word in the same way as the British ?这个词美国人的拼法跟英国人的一样吗？

I'm not sure if I've spelt this word right.Can you check it for me, please ?我不能肯定这个词是否拼对了，你可以帮我检查一下吗？

You mustn't rely on your sense of hearing alone.You must know the spelling of each word you've learned.你不能只凭听觉，而必须掌握学到的每个词的拼法。You need a comma here.你在这里需要加逗号。There should be a full stop(a period).这里应该用句号。Put a comma after this word.在这个词后加逗号。Always check the punctuation.要经常检查标点符号。Can we leave this comma out ?我们可以省略这个逗号吗？

Don't forget to put a full stop at the end of each sentence.别忘了在句末加句号。What punctuation mark shall we put here ? 这儿应该用什么标点符号？ Why do we put a colon after this word ? 这个词后面为什么加冒号？

Shall we put a comma, a question mark, a dash, or a semi-colon here ?这里该用逗号、问号、破折号还是分号？

This sentence should be put in quotation marks.这个句子应放在引号内。Correctness 改正 Is that right ?那对吗？

What is the answer ?答案是什么？

Was that the correct answer ?那是正确答案吗？ Can you say that ?你能那样讲吗？ Can you say it like that ?你能照那样讲吗？ It's a trick question.这是个难题。Don't fall into the trap.别陷入圈套。

You make a small / slight mistake.你有个小错误。

There was a small mistake in what you said.That wasn't quite right.那不完全对。

That was almost right--just one little slip.那几乎对了---只是有点小错。You missed the verb out.你把动词漏掉了。You forgot the preposition.你忘了用介词。You used the wrong tense.你用错了时态。

You misunderstood the instructions.你把题目要求理解错了。

Is there anything to correct / that needs correcting ?有什么要改正的吗？ Anything wrong in sentence 7 ?第7句里有错吗？ How should you say it ?你该怎么说？

What should you say ? How should you answer ?你该怎样回答？

What would you say, Mary ?玛丽，你会怎么说？

Did anyone notice the mistake ? 谁注意这个错误了吗？

Can anyone improve on that / what Mary said ?谁能对这个/玛丽说的加以改进吗？ Can you improve on her answer ?你能把她的回答改进一下吗？ The whole sentence construction is wrong.整个句子的结构错了。The word order is wrong.语序错了。

He made a serious mistake in grammar.他犯了一个严重的语法错误。

He did not pay enough attention to the agreement of the subject and the predicate.他对主谓语的对应关系注意不够。

After a preposition the objective case of pronouns should be used, but he used the nominative case.在介词后面，人称代词应该用宾格，但是他用了主格。Did he make any other mistake ?还有其他错误吗？

This is an inexcusable mistake.Haven't I pointed it out to you time and again ?这是一个不能原谅的错误。我不是再三给你指出过了吗？

Here is one more mistake.He forgot to put an exclamation mark at the end of the sentence.这里还有一个错误。句末他忘了加感叹号。

What correction should be made to / in that sentence ?这个句子怎么改正？

How could you correct that sentence ? Is there another way off saying it ?还有别的说法吗？

Is there a better / shorter way of saying the same thing ?有更好的/较简短的表示相同意思的说法吗？

What's a better way of saying it ?更好的说法是什么？

That is all right, but is there another way ?那不错，但是还有别的说法吗？ Any alternative suggestions for number 4 ?对第4题还有别的什么建议吗？ Can anyone say it another way ?谁能用别的方式说吗？ Try to put it in other words尽量用别的话说说看。.What other word could you use here ?你在这里还能用别的什么词吗？ What else could you say ?你还有别的说法吗？

How else could you say it ? That's another possibility.那是另外一种可能性。

That's one answer I hadn't thought of.那是我没想到的一种答案。

I hadn't thought of it that way.我原先没那样考虑。

Try to say something.Don't be afraid of making mistakes.尽量说，别怕说错。Don't be afraid / nervous / shy.别害怕/紧张/胆怯。Can you point out any mistakes ?你能指出错误吗？ Any more mistakes ?还有错吗？

I've got it right, haven't I ?我做对了，是吧。

I'd like to check I've got everything right.我想检查一下我是否把一切都搞对了。Anything wrong ? 有错吗？ Is it OK ? 这对吗？

That's right ?对吗？

Am I right in supposing so ? 我这样设想对吗？ I guess you're right.我想你是对的。

No, there's nothing wrong with that.不，这没什么错。Yes, that's quite right / correct.是的，那是对的。

That's about it.差不多。That's it!对。That's OK.Absolutely.绝对正确。Exactly.一点不错。Precisely.正是如此。

I didn't think so.I'm afraid it's wrong.恐怕这不对。

Sorry, that's not correct.对不起，这根本不对。No, it's all wrong.不，全错了。

Vocabulary Work 词汇学习

Now we'll go ahead with our vocabulary work.First let's look at this word.现在我们进行词汇学习。首先我们看这个词。

Now I'll explain the meanings of theses words.现在我来解释这些词的意思。What is the meaning of this word ?这个词的意思是什么？

This is a colloquialism / a word used in written language only which should not be used carelessly.这是一个口语体/书面体的词，不能随便用。

This noun can be used only in the singular / plural number.这个名词只有单数/复数。

This noun appears in the plural form only, never in the singular form.This is a collective noun.这个名词只以复数形式出现，从来没有单数形式。

Though it appears in the singular form, it takes a plural predicate verb.它是一个集合名词，虽然形式上是单数，它必须跟复数的谓语。

You should use the singular, not the plural.你应该用复单数，而不应用复数。

“Development” is the noun form of the verb “develop”.It is formed by adding suffix “-ment”.“Development”是动词“develop”的名词形式，它是加后缀“-ment”构成的。

The noun “means” is always used in the plural.名词“means”总是用作复数。

The word “sheep” has the same form in “sheep” the singular as in the plural.“sheep”这个词单复数同形。

A proper noun should be written with a capital letter.专用名词要大写第一个字母。

“People” is a collective noun.It is singular in form, but takes a plural predicate verb.“People”是一个集合名词，尽管形式上是单数，它必须与复数的谓语动词连用。

This is an uncountable noun.It has no plural form.这是个不可数名词，没有复数形式。What is the plural form of the noun “box”? 名词“box”的复数形式是什么？ We form the plural by the addition of “-es”.我们加“-es”构成该词的复数形式。

Why do we add “-es”?--Because “box” ends in “x”.Nouns ending in ss,x, sh, ch,o, form the plural by adding “-es”.为什么我们要加“-es”？因为“box”是以“x”结尾的。凡是以ss, x, sh, ch, o结尾的名词，它们的复数形式都是在该名词后面加“-es”。

This word is no longer used.这个词现在不用了。

The word “record” can be used either as a verb or as a noun.When it is used a verb it means “录音”.when it is used as a noun it means “唱片”.when it is used as a noun the accent is on the first syllable;if it is used as a verb the accent shifts to the second syllable.“record”这个词可以用作动词也可以用作名词。当动词用时意思是“录音”；当名词用时意思是“唱片”。这个词当名词用时，重音在第一个音节，当动词用时重音在第二个音节。

Try not to mix these two words up.尽量不要把这两个词混淆起来。

Don't get “skirt” and “shirt” mixed up.不要把“skirt”同 “shirt”混淆起来。

Is “reading” a participle or a gerund ? “reading”是现在分词还是动名词？

You've got mixed up by the use of participle and gerund.你混淆了现在分词和动名词的用法。“Gerund” can be called verbal noun.Gerund被称之为动名词。

Gerund is used partly as a noun, partly as a verb.动名词部分当作名词，部分当作动词。This word can be used either as a verb or as a noun.It is spelt in one way, but is pronounced in different ways.这个词既可当作动词，又可当作名词。拼法是一样的，但读音不同。This word is mostly used as a noun, but when it is used as verb the accent shifts to the second syllable.这个词在大多数场合下用作名词，当动词用时，重音移到第二个音节上。

This word is a derivation.Point out its root / prefix / suffix.这是一个派生词，说出它的词根/前缀/后缀。

“Rewrite” is formed by adding prefix “re”.“Rewrite”是加前缀“re”构成的。What is the noun derived from “electric”? 由“electric”派生的名词是什么？ What is the verb that corresponds to this noun? 与这个名词相应的动词是什么？

In this phrase “to” is a preposition, not an infinitive sign, so it should be followed by a noun or a gerund, not the root form of a verb.在这个短语中，是介词，to不是不定式符号。因此它后面要接名词或动名词，不能接动词原形。

This verb may express different meanings when followed by different prepositions.这个动词后面跟不同的介词，就有不同的意义。

We should add an “s” to the verb.我们应该在这个动词之后加“s”。

Can anyone tell me the corresponding verb ? 谁能告诉我这个相应的动词？

“Give” is a transitive verb.It needs an object.Give 是及物动词，后面须带宾语。“Run” is an intransitive verb.No object can be followed.Run是不及物动词，后面不能带宾语。How do you say the word in Chinese ? 你能说出这个词的汉语意思吗？

Look up this word in the dictionary and give some examples to show its different uses.先查词典，然后举例说明这个词的不同用法。

Give the synonym and antonym of this word.给出这个词的同义词和反义词。What's the opposite of “generous” ? “generous”的反义词是什么？ “Tall” is the synonym of “high”.“Tall”是“high”的同义词。“Big” is the antonym of “small”.“Big”是“small”的反义词。

“Look” has the same meaning with “watch”.“look”与“watch”同义。

These two words are identical in meaning and can be used interchangeably.这两个词意义相同，可以相互替换使用。

Is there a difference in meaning between “pretty” and “beautiful”? “pretty”与“beautiful”的意思有没有区别？

What is another way of saying “How are you”? “How are you”的另一种说法是什么？ What is another word for “quite”? 与“quite”同义的另一个词是什么？

What other words are there for “heavy”? 表示heavy意思的还有哪些词？

What's the difference between “possibility” and “probability”? “possibility” 与 “probability”的区别是什么？

Though these two words are synonymous, they are not to be used interchangeably.One is used as an attribute;the other is used as a predicative.这两个词意义相同，但不能交替使用。一个当定语用，另一个当表语用。

Notice “friendly” is an adjective, not an adverb, though it has a “-ly” ending.注意“friendly”是形

容词，不是副词，虽然它以“-ly”结尾。

Participle is used mostly as adjective or adverbial.现在分词大部分用作形容词或副词。Adverbs which modify adjectives or other adverbs must be placed immediately before the word they modify.修饰形容词或其他副词的副词应该放在它们的所修饰词的前面。

This word has a bad connotation.Be sure to use it only in its right context.这是个贬义词，必须从上下文正确使用。

You must learn this word from the context.你应该从上下文来掌握这个词。

No two words are exactly the same in meaning.Learn to differentiate their shades of meaning.没有哪两个词的意义完全相同。应注意学习它们之间的细微差别。

You can guess the meaning of this word from the context.从上下文你可以猜出这个词的意义。We shall learn how to use the new words and expressions that appear in this lesson.我们要熟悉课文中出现的新词的用法。

Notice in this sentence the word is used figuratively / in a transferred sense.注意在这个句子中这个词是转义。

To learn a language well you must build up a useful vocabulary.要学好一种语言，你必须逐步积累有用的词汇。

Don't invent words or phrases.Follow the customary usage.不能臆造词语，而必须按照一般的习惯用法。

Don't always use the same words and phrases in your written work.You should have more variation in your work.在书面作业中不要老是使用同样的单词和短语。应该有更多的变化。This phrase is often used as an independent element.这个短语常用作独立成分。

This phrase often serves as a connecting link in its context.这个短语起承前启后的作用。Try to make use of the words and phrases you have learned.设法利用你学过的单词和短语。Remember it is a set phrase.It should not be changed.注意这是一个固定词组，不要随意更改。This phrase can only be used as an adverbial, never as a predicative.这个词组只能作状语，不能作表语。

This is a useful sentence pattern.Can you make a sentence according to / after this pattern?这是一个很有用的句型。你能按照这个句型造一个句子吗？

You must learn how to use dictionaries and reference books.你必须学会用词典和参考书。Can you use “bright” to mean “clever”? 可不可以用bright表示clever的意思？

Did “ship” and “vessel” mean the same thing ? “ship”和“vessel”表示同样的东西吗？ Does it make sense if I say, “He's head over heels in love with her”?

如果我说：“He's head over heels in love with her”，这讲得通吗？

Does “school” have more than one meaning ? “school”是不是有不止一种意思？

I don't understand this sentence.Can you help me ?我不懂这句子的意思，你能帮助我吗？ When would you use the word “silly”? 你什么时候用silly这个词？

Structure 结构

What part of speech is this word ? 这个单词属于什么词类？ What part of speech does this word belong to ? What kind of noun is this ? 这是哪类名词？

This is a proper noun.Notice the first letter must be capitalized.这是专有名词。注意其第一个字母要大写。

This is an abstract noun, but it is used as a common noun here.这抽象名词，但在这里当普通名词用。

Give the plural form of this noun.说出这个名词的复数形式。

This noun is used in a general sense, so it must be preceded by the indefinite article “a”.这个名词是泛指，因此必须加上不定冠词a。

This is a material noun.No article is needed.这是个物质名词，不必用冠词。Is the article in this sentence used correctly? 这个句子中的冠词用得对吗？

Here the pronoun is used as the object of the verb, so it is in the object case.这里的人称代词作动词的宾语，因此要用宾格。

Here we can substitute “mine” for “my work”.这里可以mine用来代替my work。

Can you pick out the adjectives in this sentence and tell what each modifies ?你能指出句中的形容词，并说出它们修饰哪些词吗？

Give the comparative degree and superlative of this adjective / adverb.说出这个形容词 / 副词的比较级和最高级。

Is this a transitive or an intransitive verb ? 这是及物动词还是不及物动词？ If it is a transitive verb, what is its object ? 如果是及物动词，它的宾语是什么？

Here “grew” is used as a link verb, and the word following it is a predicative.这里grew用作联系动词，它后面的词是表语。

Who can give the past tense form and the past participle form of this verb ? 谁能说出这个词的过去时和过去分词形式？

We use “to be able to” instead of “can” in the future tense.在将来时中，我们可以用to be able to代替can。

After modal verbs “may”, “can”, “need” the root forms of verbs should be used.在情态动词may, can, need 后面，应该用动词的原形。

Give the three principal parts of these irregular verbs.说出这些不规则动词的三种主要形式。You should often refer to the list of irregular verbs and learn the forms of these verbs by heart.你们应该经常参考不规则动词表，并熟记这些动词的各种形式。

The predicate verb must agree with its subject in person and number.谓语动词应与主语的人称和数一致。

In this case，what tense should be used？在这种情况下，应该用什么时态？

Then，is it correct to use the present tense here ？那么，在这里用现在时，对吗？

In Chinese the time relationship of the actions in a sentence is expressed by means of adverbs，but in English it is mainly expressed by the inflexion of verbs。So it is most important to learn the different forms of verbs commonly used。在汉语中，句子动作的时间关系是用副词来表达，但在英语中，主要要用动词的形式变化来表达的。因此，掌握常用动词的各种形式极为重要。We can never use the present perfect tense with adverbials“ago”，“last week”，etc。，but we can use the present perfect tense with such adverbials as “for two hours”，“for three years”and “since last spring”，etc。我们绝不能把现在完成时与“ago”，“last week”等状语连用，但现在完成时可以与“for two hours”，“for three years”and “since last spring”等状语连用。Change this verb from the present into the past tense and future tense.把这个动词从现在时改为过去时和将来时。

Here the present perfect tense should be used.Chinese students often confuse the past indefinite tense with the present perfect tense.Chinese students often have difficulty in using tense correctly.这里应该用现在完成时。中国学生常把一般过去时态和现在完成时态混淆。You've used the wrong tense.你用错了时态。

Pay attention to the sequence of tense.注意时态的呼应。

This sentence is in the active voice.Can you change it into the passive voice ?这个句子是主动语态。你能把它变成被动语态吗？

This is an elliptical sentence.Some words have been omitted.Can you fill them in ? This sentence is incomplete.Can you make it complete ? 这是一个省略句，有些词省略了。你能把这些词补填出来吗？

This sentence is in the inverted order.The word order in Chinese is often different from that in English.这个句子的语序是倒装的。你能把它改成正常的语序吗？

We usually place the part to be stressed at the beginning of a sentence so as to give emphasis.Make the following sentences more emphatic.为了加强语势，我们往往把强调的部分放在句首。An infinite has the meaning of a verb, but cannot be used as a predicate verb in a sentence;it is used as a noun, an adjective or an adverb.不定式具有动词的意义，但是不能用作句子的谓语动词；它用作名词、形容词或副词。

Underline the infinitives in the following sentences and tell their functions.用横线划出下列句子中的不定式，并说出它们的作用。

Write three sentences, using the same infinitive phrase as a noun, an adjective and an adverb.写出3个句子，把同一个不定式短语用作名词、形容词和副词。

Don't use the past form of the verb after the infinitive sign “to”;the root form should be used.在不定式符号“to”后面，不能用动词的过去形式，应该用动词原形。

A gerund is formed by adding the suffix “-ing” to the root form of a verb.A gerund keeps the meaning of a verb, but it can never be used as a predicate verb in a sentence;it is used as a noun.动名词是动词后面加后缀“-ing”构成的。动名词保留动词的意义，但绝对不能在句中作谓语动词用；动名词在句中作名词用。

How is a gerund different from a present participle ?--They have the same form, but their functions are different.A gerund has the function of a noun, but a present participle is used as part of a predicate verb or as an adjective.动名词和现在分词有什么不同？---动名词与现在分词形式相同，但作用不同。动名词有名词的作用，但现在分词或用作谓语动词的一部分，或用作形容词。

A participle has the function of an adjective.It is quite commonly used.分词有形容词的性质。它用得相当普遍。

Some participles can be used either as attributes or as predicatives.有些分词既可当定语用，也可当表语用。

There are two participles, the present participle and the past participle.分词有两种，现在分词和过去分词。

We can often substitute a participle / participial phrase for an attributive clause.我们往往用分词短语代替定语从句。

Change the following complex / compound sentence into simple sentences containing participial phrases.把下列主从/并列复合句改为含有分词短语的简单句。

Change the attributive clause in the following sentences into participial phrase.把下列句中的定语从句改为分词短语。

Change the direct speech of the following sentence into the indirect speech.把下列句中的直接引语改成间接引语。

Change the affirmative sentence into a negative / interrogative sentence.把这个肯定句改成否定句/疑问句。

What kind of sentence is this ? Is it a simple or a compound sentence ? 这是什么样的句子？它

是简单句还是并列句？

Let's analyze this sentence “All roads lead to Rome”.This is a simple sentence.The subject is “All roads”.The predicate is “lead”.“To Rome” is an adverbial, modifying the predicate.让我们分析 “条条道路通罗马”这个句子。这是简单句。All roads是主语，lead是谓语，to Rome是状语，修饰谓语。

Let's analyze this sentence “It has been a privilege for us to have travelled so much in your country”.This is a simple sentence with an anticipatory “it”.“It” is the grammatical subject, standing for the real subject “for us to have travelled so much in your country”.The predicate is “ has been a privilege”.让我们分析“我们能在贵国访问这么多的地方是难得的”这个句子。这是一个带有先行词it的简单句。It 是语法上的主语，代替真正主语for us to have travelled so much in your country，谓语是has been a privilege。

Analyze this sentence。Draw a line under the subject，a double line under predicate，a wavy line under the attribute，and a dotted line under the adverbial。分析这个句子。在主语下划横线，在谓语下划两道横线，在定语下划曲线，在状语下划虚线。

Who can point out the subject, the predicate and the object of this sentence ? 谁能指出这个句子的主语、谓语和宾语？

What parts of speech may be used as subjects / attributes ? 哪些词类可用作主语/定语？ Point out the compound predicate of the sentence.指出这个句子的复合谓语。

What kind of adverbial clause is this ? Is it an adverbial clause of purpose or of result ? 这是什么样的状语从句？是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句？

If we compare an English sentence with its Chinese version, we find a great difference in word order especially in the position of adverbs.如果我们比较一下英语句子和汉语译文，就会发现它们在语序上很不相同，尤其是在副词的位置方面。

Adverbs of time and place are usually put at the end of a sentence.时间副词、地点副词常放在句末。

Adverbs of manner usually come after the verbs they modify.行为方式副词通常放在它们所修饰的动词后面。

The preposition is most important in building up a sentence.A preposition together with its object is called a prepositional phrase.介词在造句中极为重要。介词与它的宾语一起称为介词宾语。Sometimes the same word can be used either as a preposition or as an adverb.有时同一个词既可当介词也可当副词。

Can you tell how the word “up” is used in this sentence ? Is it a preposition or an adverb ? 这个句子中up的作什么用？是介词还是副词？

What are principal / secondary parts in an English sentence ? Can we leave this out ?

我们可以省略这个吗？

Is a relative pronoun necessary here ? 这里需要一个关系代词吗？ Which tense do we use after “if” ? 在“if”后面我们用哪一种时态？

Which preposition comes after “to concentrate” ? 在to concentrate后面跟什么介词？ What preposition does “to be proud” take ? 在to be proud后面跟什么介词？

What's the rule about “some” and “any ”? “some” 和 “any ”的应用规则是什么？

Does anybody remember the rule for using “since” and “for” ? 有谁记得应用since和for的规则吗？

Does anybody recall what we said about the verb “to dare” ? 有谁能想起关于动词dare我们讲了什么？

What's the past tense of “to go” ? to go 的过去时态是什么 ？

What are the parts of “to sing” ? to sing的变化形式（过去式、过去分词、现在分词）是什么? Where do we usually put adverbs of frequency ? 频度副词我们通常放在哪里? Where does the word “yet” usually come ? 单词“yet”通常放在句中的哪一个位置？ Watch out for the conditional tense this time.这次要注意条件句的时态。Mind the preposition.注意介词。

Phonetics 语音

We'll learn some phonetic symbols/phonemes.我们要学一些音标/音素。

Listen carefully while I read these vowel sounds.在我读这些元音时，请注意听。

Look at my lip position when I pronounce this vowel sound.我发这个元音时请看我的唇位。It's a long/short vowel.这是一个长/短元音。

This is a short sound.Don't draw long when you pronounce it.这是个短音，发这个音时不要拉长。

Don't swallow any sounds.不要吞音。

Don't put the vowel sound [ ] after [g ].在[g ]后面不要加[ ].You don't pronounce [e ] very well.You should practice it more.[e ]这个音你发得不够好，应该多练习一下。

Distinguish these consonants / vowels.区分这些辅音/元音。

Make a clear difference between these sounds.把这些音素区别开来。Read this word syllable by syllable.把这个词按音节读出来。Please pide this word into syllables.请把这个词划分音节。

The word “remember” contains / is made of / is composed of three syllables.“remember”这个词有3个音节。

Put the accent on the right syllable.重音要读正确。

Read the stressed syllable distinctly.重读音节要读清楚。

Look here, this word has two stresses.The primary / main / strong stress falls on the third syllable.The secondary / light / weak stress falls on the first syllable.注意这个单词有两个重音。主重音在第3个音节上，次重音在第1个音节上。

It is important to know where to place the stresses.知道在什么地方要重读是重要的。Now let's come to the text.I shall read it first.Please mark the accented parts.When we read any text, we should pay attention to sentence stress, sense groups, pause and liaison.在读课文时，我们要注意句子重音、意群和连读。

Personal pronouns, link verbs, conjunctions and prepositions are usually not stressed.人称代词、联系动词、连接词和介词通常不重读。

Link this consonant with the vowel of the next word.This is what we call liaison.把这个辅音和后面的一个词的元音连起来读，这叫做连读。

A preposition is usually read together with the word following it.介词通常与它后面的词连在一起读。

Don't pause in the middle of a sense group, but at the end of a sense group.不能在意群中间停顿，而只能在意群后停顿。

Read aloud correctly, clearly, and with expression and observe the rules of intonation in English.应该遵照英语语调规则，正确清楚、带感情地朗读。

This is a general question.It should be read in the rising tone.这是一般疑问句，应该读升调。We use the falling tone when we read special questions.读特殊疑问句时用降调。

The same sentence, when read in different tense, may express entirely different feelings.同样的句子用不同的语调读，可以表达完全不同的感情。

Pay attention to the other when they read, catch their mistakes and make corrections.注意听别人朗读，看有没有错误并改正。

Your intonation is not correct.你的语调不正确。

Don't confuse [s] and [z].One is voiceless and the other is voiced.When we pronounce voiced consonants, the vocal chords vibrate.不要把[s] 和 [z]混淆。一个是清辅音，另一个是浊辅音。在发浊辅音时，声带要震动。

Here are some rules of reading.They may serve as a help in your reading, though there are many exceptions.这里有几条读音规则，它们可以对你有所帮助，虽然例外很多。In the stressed open syllable “a” is pronounced as [ei].在重读开音节中字母“a”读作[ei]。In the stressed close syllable “a” is pronounced as [ ].在重读闭音节中字母“a”读作[ ]。According to the rules of reading, how should the vowel in this word be pronounced ?根据读音规则，这个词中的元音字母应该怎样发音？

The pronunciation of the vowel in this word does not conform to the rules of reading.这个单词中的元音发音不符合读音规则。

This word calls for your special attention as the “ea” combination is pronounced as [e], not as [ ].这个单词需要特别注意，因为这里的“ea”字母组合不读[ ]，而读[e]。Find the words with consonant clusters.找出辅音连缀的单词。Pay attention to incomplete plosion.注意不完全爆破。

Read the words with the help of the transcriptions.按音标读单词。

You do not pronounce the [p] sound very well, as you should have more practice.[p]这个音你读得不好，应该多练习。

Your [e] sound is not pure.[e]这个音你发得不纯。

Again, please, but watch your pronunciation.请再来一遍，但注意你的发音。

Be careful with the “sh” sound.请注意“sh”的发音。

You said “class”.Listen to the correct pronunciation.刚才你念“class”，请注意正确的发音。Listen and repeat.先听然后跟着念。

Listen to how I say it.留心听我是怎样发音的。Listen to me saying it.听我发这个音。

Listen again carefully and then you try.再注意听一遍，然后你来试一试。Listen to the way my voice goes up.注意我提高声调的方法。Watch my lips very carefully.仔细看我的唇型。Watch my mouth closely.仔细看我的口型。

Notice how my tongue touches my teeth.注