第一篇：考博英语作文格式

1.不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that作文题目.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that观点一.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place，原因

一.Furthermore, in the second place,原因二.So it goes without saying that观点一.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that观点二.In their point of view, on the one hand，原因一.On the other hand,原因二.Therefore, there is no doubt that观点二.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或二.It is not only because___, but also because ___.The more ___,the more___.2.利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文题目.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in题目议题.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly,优点一.And secondly优点二.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, 讨论议题 is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with,缺点一.In addition,缺点二.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of讨论议题into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the讨论议题.3.答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文题目.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all,途径

一.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is途径二.Above all, to solve the problem of作文题目,we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say,方法.4.谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb:“谚语”has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means谚语的含义.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is 例子一.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb谚语.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying:谚语.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.5.图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart),作文题目的议题has been on rise/decrease, significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from___in___to___in___.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that___.There are at least two good reasons accounting for___.On the one hand, ___.On the other hand, ___is due to the fact that___.In addition ,___is responsible for___.Maybe there are some other reasons to show___.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that___.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.6.实用性写作（申请信)

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address

Dear...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours,I.Outline Type

Model 1 问题解决型

Paragraph 1 介绍主题

With the rapid development of market-oriented economy, an increasing number of people are concerned about the problem of 问题 in our society.It has brought about a great influence on people’s work and living.Therefore, not only … but also … have to pay more attention to this phenomenon.Paragraph 2 原因分析

So far as I know, some driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned problem can be illustrated as follows.To begin with, ….In addition,….And furthermore, ….Paragraph 3 解决办法

Based on what has been discussed so far , it follows that some effective solutions should be found to deal with the problem of ______.One the one hand, …;on the other hand, ….Only in this way can we finalize this problem successfully and effectively.(解决问题的具体方法可根据具体情况从政府、老百姓以及个人入手)

How 类

Paragraph 1 介绍(描述现象、形势、困难)

Paragraph 2 列举解决方法

Paragraph 3 总结/评论或自己选择及其理由

Model 2 积极有利型

Paragraph 1 引出话题，描述话题的重要性;

Along with the rapid development of science and technology(market-oriented economy, electric industry, higher education…)an increasing number of people come to realize that ____ is something that we cannot do without, especially in such an intensely competitive society.Paragraph 2 分析其重要性的原因或具体表现;(事物本身的价值属性 + 社会意义)

There can be no doubt that The importance of 主题 can be most clearly seen in the following aspects.To begin with, ….In addition,….And finally, ….(附加句 it is extremely difficult for us to imagine what our modern life would be like without_______.)

Paragraph 3 如何发扬光大。

As the issue is becoming more and more important, It’s clear that we can promote it in the following ways.For one thing, ….For another,…

关于事物的好处或重要性可从以下几个方面描述

1)convenience 方便;2)efficiency 效率;3)safety 安全;4)economical经济;

5)entertainment乐趣;6)health 健康;7)communication 交流;

8)character training 性格培养;9)achievement成就;10)durability 耐久性，耐用性Model 3利弊分析型

Paragraph 1介绍现象(观点一和观点二)

When it comes to 主题 , some people believe that _观点一，and it is often argued by other people that 观点二(或 the opposite is true).There is probably some truth in both statements.Paragraph 2分别描述观点一和二

Generally speaking, the advantages of ______ can be seen clearly in the following respects.To begin with, ….In addition,….And finally, ….However, just as everything has two sides , there is no exception to the above discussed issue of ______.On the one hand, …;on the other hand, ….Paragraph 3作者的观点或结论

Weighing up the pros and cons of both sides, we may reasonably reach the conclusion that the advantages of __主题carry far more weight than its disadvantages.Therefore, we should manage to make the most of its benefits and try to avoid the harmful effects of ___主题______.Model 4 A/B比较对照型

Paragraph 1 现象A和B的介绍 + 作者的选择/判断

As is well-known to all of us that recently the topic of 主题 is becoming the most popular one in our society.However, there are two different opinions concerning it.Some people believe that 现象一(A is more important than B)while others argue that 现象二(B is more important than A.).As far as I am concerned, the latter / the former seems more reasonable.Paragraph 2 描述作者的选择/判断

It’s beyond any question that A is characterized by some aspects as follows.To begin with, ….In

addition,….And finally, ….However, one has to mention some weaknesses of(主题)that may also go along.A case in point is , ….Paragraph 3 总结+照应另一观点

As shown in our previous discussion, ___A/B___ indeed bears some distinctive features and it will still play essential roles in our modern society.Of course, we should not neglect the positive effects of ___ A/B_.One typical point is that _____.II.Situation writing

1.Story/ Report Type

Paragraph 1 描述文字+得出结论

It is quite obvious / apparent to all of us that the above story describes that 讲故事(2-3句慨述.From this story, we can easily arrive at such conclusion that _结论(参考提示语).Paragraph 2 根据主题分类展开或举例说明

Undoubtedly, such case frequently occur in our daily life.A case in point is that _______.There is another example to illustrate this point.例子(也可根据主题分类，参考前面的models 1-4)

Paragraph 3作者的结论或评论

Based on what has been illustrated above, we should have a correct attitude towards 主题 ――(解释主题)(如one’s life consists of lots of goals.)If we … , we will necessarily benefit a lot from it.2.Graph Type

Paragraph 1 慨述图标+具体变化

As can be seen clearly from the above graph, there has been an obvious tendency with respect to ______(参考提示语)in the past ___years.According to the figures shown in the graph, the number of(private cars)…rose slightly from___ in ____to_____in _____.However, there was a sudden rapid decline in the number of(private cars)from … to…in______.Paragraph 2紧扣主题句，分析原因

Obviously, it is not difficult for us to come up with some possible factors that contribute to the above tendency.In the first place, ….In the second place, ….At last, ….Paragraph 3发表议论，提出建议或预测

Based on what has been analyzed, we can say that the drawer intends not only to tell us the fact itself, but also set us thinking about _____.By the way, we may reasonably predict that, with the further development of reform and opening-up, the number of ______ will continue to grow steadily in the forthcoming decade.3.Cartoon Type

Paragraph 1 描述漫画+得出结论

Here is a vivid and lively cartoon which depicts ______(2-3句概述, Obviously, this picture conveys us a strong message that _______

Paragraph 2 根据主题分类展开或举例说明

It is not difficult for us to come up with some possible factors that contribute to the above phenomenon if thinking carefully.To begin with, ….What’s more,….At last,…

Paragraph 3作者的结论或评论

Based on what has been discussed, I personally believe that it is high time for us to adopt some effective measures to deal with such situation.On the one hand,…;on the other hand,….Only in these ways can we _____(prevent….from…;guarantee …;protect …from…;solve this matter effectively and successfully)

III, 考生造句标准和原则必须符合下列句型原则

1.基本句型(详见笔记---五大基本句型)

2.扩展句型(详见笔记---三种扩展方式)

3.特殊句型(详见笔记---十大特殊句型)

英语写作句型训练示范

1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

2.It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

3.There are several reasons for this problem.One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building of roads.Another primary reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.关于这个问题，有很多原因。一个主要原因是车辆增加的数量远快于道路的建设。另一个主要原因是私家车过多而公交车不够。

4.Today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance.In order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

5.From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on TV has great influence on youngsters' behavior.从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

6.People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.Others, however, lose heart and give in.人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

7.Let's take cars for example.They not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded.Furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

8.As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers, and the progress of the society is based on harmony.众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益, 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

9.It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。那些违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

10.There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired and that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.Nothing is more important than to receive education.The more books we read, the more learned we become..毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意, 我们的生活品质也已经每况愈下。没有比接受教育更重要的事。我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。

第二篇：考博英语

1How compelling and thought-provoking the above image is(images are)!

多么引人注目的、容易让人产生联想的画面呀！

2What is apparently betrayed in the cartoon(s)is that …,in contrast, …

这个漫画明显表现出来的是、、、、，相反的，、、、、、3What on earth can we derive from the interesting and instructive drawing?

从这幅有趣的、有教育性意义的图画上我们究竟可以得到什么信息呢？

4It goes without saying that(there is no denying the fact that)what the painter actually aims to convey in the picture is(pictures are)profound.毫无疑问，事实上作者在这幅画中传达的目标意义深刻。

5Primarily, we can learn that such cases are far from being rare and upsetting parallels can be readily found anywhere from our neighborhood and around the world.6What’s more, there has been a growing concern nowadays over the worsening phenomenon.7It is hard to imagine what our society would be like if such pervasive trend go unchallenged.首先，我们可以发现这样的事情很常见，在我们附近，在世界范围内很容易的就能看到类似的令人不愉快的事情。其次，现在已经对这类恶化的现象给予了越来越多的关注。很难想象如果类似的影响恶劣的趋势没有得到制止我们的社会将变成什么样子。

8Additionally, to reverse the grim situation, effective and efficient measures should be entailed by all parties concerned.9The authorities, the mass media and every one are on the list.10Enhancing people’s awareness of such practices and setting up relevant rules and regulations ought to be top priority of the agenda.另外，为了扭转严峻的情况，相关政党应该采取有效的方法，职权部门、大众传媒和每一个人都包括在内。提高大家对这些措施的关注程度、制定相关规章制度应该是位于日程之首。11Considering what’s presented above, we may safely come to the conclusion that it is high time that such stories were ended or at least reduced.12I am strongly convinced that only when such things vanish or disappear, can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.考虑到以上提到的事情，我们可以顺利的得出结论：是该结束或者减少这类事情的时候了。我坚信只有这类事情消失的时候，我们才能够维持一个我们希望所的快乐、健康、和谐的社会。

若是好的话题：

1.第5句去掉upsetting

2.第6句去掉worsening

3.第7句移到最后一段的最后一句，且改./;成It’s hard …if we fail to grasp such cases and can

not put them into practice.4.把第8句换句举例：To make the point even clearer, let’s come to example regarding an

acquaintance of mine.（为了更明显的表达这个观点，我将举一个关于我一个熟人的例子）

5.第3段 …that it is high time all parties concerned took effective and efficient measures to

practice.The authorities, the mass media, as well as each inpidual are involved.And I’m strongly convinced that we’ll ensure such practices, thus maintaining a happy, healthy, harmonious society as we all wish.（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一____.On the other hand, __原因二___.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法

（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease

(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.1．开头万能公式一：名人名言

原理：名人名言尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理

经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2．开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。还是靠编

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college

students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某大学，学生课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

结尾万能公式：

1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

第三篇：考博英语作文万能

（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.joozone.com（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.1（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.（6）实用性写作（申请信)Your address Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours, X X X

01 The Language of Music A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor.Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing 2 every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties;the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.02 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engaged in education from infancy on.Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.03 The Definition of “Price”

Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make 3 up the “system” of prices.The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected inpiduals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors.In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04 Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record;they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live.(An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.)As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the 4 world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear pision was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium.” In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this vies tales(about the hunt, war, or other feats)are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.06 Television Television-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word “television”, derived from its Greek(tele: distant)and Latin(visio: sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable.These impulses, when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system, however.It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be pided into two categories determined by its means of transmission.First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals.Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of inpiduals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses.We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to 5 what exists today.During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment.These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well.We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.07 Andrew Carnegie p Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and , in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America.His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that inpiduals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves.“He who dies rich, dies disgraced,” he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.写好考博作文的几点看法

本人也曾是考研、考博大军中的一员，深知作文的好坏直接影响总分，怎样才能得到好的分数呢？主要有以下几点体会：一是要背一些句型，各种长短句的搭配运用能有效提高作文的档次，当然分值也就提高了；二是要记一些不同类型作文的框架，针对不同的题材，通过修饰、润色，基本就差不多了；三是要学会举例子，在写到山穷水尽时，不妨来个例子，尽可在不偏离主题的情况下自由发挥，要求的字数也就上去了。这仅仅是我自己感觉写作中较重要的三点，不能以偏概全，其他还有许多要注意的问题，由于本文篇幅所限，不再赘述，这也只是应试的小体会，要真正提高写作能力，诸君要多练、多体会才是。仿照下面几篇文章，大家改写试试，说不定会有所帮助。1.Directions: Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society.But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1.Role of women in modern society

2.Prejudices and discrimination against women 3.My comment You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society.Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering.They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories.Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex.In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.There are even some businesses which are run completely by women.It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways.In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough.They believe that women are the weaker sex – both physically and emotionally.Thus, women are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties.According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home.Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only.In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders.Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing.(242 words)2.Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes.Study the following table care fully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table.You should quote as few figures as possible.Outline: 1.Changes in people’s daily expanses in the past five years 2.Possible reasons for the changes 3.My own conclusion Year Item1997 ***1 Food65%60%48%42%35% Clothing5%7%10%13%15% Recreation3%5%7%8%13% Others24%26%33%36%38% Total100%100%100%100%100% In the past five years, there have been great changes in people’s daily expenses in XX city.According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 2001.However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 15% in 2001.In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses.The same was the case with other expenses.What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons.To begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributes to the decline in their prices.Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion.Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a variety of recreations is growing steadily, too.In short, with the incomes continuing to rise, people will no longer resign themselves to living a dull, monotonous life.They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting.Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations.(219 words)3．Directions: Migrant workers(外地民工)have made a great contribution to the 7 prosperity of cities.In this part, you are to write within 40 minutes a composition of 200 words about “The Role of Migrant Workers”.You can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to above statement.But no matter which position you take, you should supporting reasons.As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities.They are an indispensable part of our work force.Most of them work on construction sites.There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower.In addition, a large number of migrant workers are a beneficial factor, which enhances the consumption of food and daily items.This in turn helps to develop food industry and service trades in cites.All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities.However, as a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides”.The same is the case with migrant workers.Firstly, most of them are not well educated and professionally trained.Some of them have had very little schooling.As you know.Illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of the law, tend to make trouble, thus endangering social order.Secondly, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money.Being illiterate or unskilled, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they are ambitious for.Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of society.In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything.We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them.(244 words)8

第四篇：考博英语作文2015

英语作文范文2015

一、考博英语作文题目：

Do Modern People Become Lonelier? 考博英语作文范文：

Although Chinese people have gradually become wealthy more or less due to the reform and opening-up policy，they have oftentimes been troubled by a lack of friends that they can take into their confidence.This observation manifests itself most vividly in a line cited from the movie.If You Are the One，that is，“I do not lack money but friends”.Ironically，in the cell phone contact list of an average person，the number of cellphone numbers may reach a couple of hundreds.One cannot help wondering if modern people become lonelier than before.Personally，I hold the opinion that modern people do become lonelier than before.由于改革开放政策的实施，中国人民变得比以往更加富有，但是，有时他们也会因为缺少朋友而困扰，朋友能够为他们带来自信。我们能从电影台词中清晰可见。电影非诚勿扰中有一句台词：“我不缺钱，只缺朋友。”具有讽刺意味的是，在人们的电话薄中，我们存储了上百个电话号码。人们不禁会想现代人是否比以往更加孤单。我认为，现代人比以往更加孤单。

Firstly，due to the urbanizing process at an unprecedented speed，the society becomes more mobile，for more and more people migrate from one city to another to seek fortune.Nowadays people in cities are consisted do f migrate workers from rural areas，college graduates in pursuit of their dreams，businessmen across the country and the local.Given the fact that people from different regions have different subcultures，people tend to reject people with different backgrounds.Besides，as people are more interested in making money，they are more likely to conflict in interest.No wonder that circle of confidants has shrunk dramatically and the number of people with whom to discuss important matters has spirally increased.首先，由于城市化进程的飞速发展，社会就像是一种移动的团体，为了挣钱，越来越多的人从一座城市迁移到另一座城市。如今，城市有许多从农村来的农民工，以及那些追寻梦想的大学毕业生，来自当地和其他国家的商人。由于人们来自不同的地区，有着不一样的次文化，人们往往会由于背景的不同而相互排斥。此外，人们对挣钱的欲望越来越大，他们更有可能因为利益而发生争执。难怪人们的朋友正在急剧减少，与他人谈论重大事宜的人却越来越多。

Secondly，while people are able to benefit from the advancement of new technologies，they are likely to depend more upon technologies instead of friends.Communication technologies such as the Internet and phones let people stay in contact with other people who are from remote areas，and spend time on the phone and the Internet communications instead of dealing with people face to face.Network games have gained their popularity to such an extent that many spend most of their spare time in playing network games and hence they become apathetic to have a good time with friends face to face.That face time seems more likely to develop friendships.第二，如今，人们能够通过先进的技术来获得利益，比起朋友来说，他们更加依靠技术。例如互联网和手机这样的通讯技术能够让人们与远在千里之外的人交流，人们不再进行面对面的交流，人们利用互联网和手机交流的时间增多了。网络游戏在一定程度上得到了迅猛的发展，人们的大量时间都花在了玩网络游戏上，人与人之间的交流变得非常冷淡。面对面的交流可以促进友谊。

As a result，the reduced face time would translate into a loose network between friends.Insum，urbanization has reduced the intimacy between human beings and makes them less likely to make friends than in the past and the advancement of modern technology also makes people more apathetic by reducing face-to-face contact with friends.I hope people can regain the in timacy between friends as before.所以，面对面交流的减少将会导致朋友之间的疏远。总结，城市化减少了人与人之间的亲密感，比起以往，人们交朋友的可能性正在降低，由于技术的不断发展，人们对于面对面交流更加冷漠。我希望人们之间的关系能够像从前那样亲密。

二、考博英语作文题目：

Should Traditional Chinese Etiquette Be Taught in Class? 考博英语作文范文：

Throughout most of China’s long history, the relationships between people were based on carefully prescribed forms of behavior, that is,etiquette.Learning and following etiquette is so important that people are always judged by how closely they follow these rules of behaviors.For those who do not follow those prescribed rules of conduct,they are regarded as uncivilized barbarians.在中国的历史长河中，人际关系都是依照约定俗成的行为方式来维持的，这种行为就是礼仪。学习和遵循礼仪至关重要，人们总是用遵循行为准则来判断某人。对于那些不遵循特定行为准则的人，人们会认为他们是缺乏文化的野蛮人。

However,as China has been increasingly entangled in the global village,many Chinese people,especially the young,have lost some traditions because of the influences of Western cultures.According to a famous professor,the majority of Chinese college students have not had systematic training on traditional Chinese etiquette.As for me, traditional etiquette should be taught in class.但是，中国与世界的距离越来越近，由于西方的影响，许多中国人，尤其是年轻人丧失了许多传统。著名教授说，绝大部分的中国学生没有系统地接受过中国传统礼仪的培养。对于我来说，课堂应该教授学生传统礼仪。

Firstly, if college students can receive a systematic education in traditional etiquette in class, they can get more prepared for the future.As is known, college students usually have learnt some traditional etiquette through daily interaction with friends and relatives, but the process is time-consuming.They have to be sensitive enough to observe other people’s behaviors and then know what proper behaviors in different social situations are.Sometimes the learning process is by trial and error.They can only form right behaviors after breaking the rules of conduct and being corrected by the costly consequence.If they have already taken systematic etiquette course in college, they can follow proper etiquette and have a more guaranteed future.首先，如果学生能够在学校接受传统礼仪的系统教育，那么他们就能够很好地迎接未来。众所周知，大学学生通常都是通过与朋友，亲戚的来往来了解传统礼仪的，但是这样的过程是很费时的。他们必须对别人的行为非常敏感才行，然后了解不同社会场合的不同礼仪。有时，这样的学习过程是要通过反复试验的。违反了行为准则之后，他们才能形成正确的准则，然而这样的代价是非常昂贵的。如果他们已经在大学接受了系统的礼仪课程，那么他们就能够遵循适当的礼仪，他们也将有一个美好的未来。

Secondly, as these meticulous rules of conduct have been formed throughout Chinese history, they are unique Chinese characteristics and are inseparable to Chinese culture.With the advent of globalization, western culture is so influential that many young people often look to Western customs and etiquette as being fashionable.For example, nowadays most young women in China would like to wear western-style white dresses and veils at wedding while traditional Chinese weddings feature red gowns for brides and white is an absolute taboo.In the long term, if the trend to adopt western etiquette cannot be curbed, the Chinese generations in the future will lose their cultural identity.第二，由于这些行为准则是在中国历史的长河中形成的，所以它们是中国所独有的，与中国文化息息相关。随着全球化的到来，西方文化的影响之大，以至于许多年轻人遵从了西方那些充满时尚气息的传统和礼仪。例如。现如今，许多中国的年轻人在婚礼上喜欢穿西式的白色的礼裙和纱巾，然而在中国传统的婚礼上，新娘都会穿红色礼服，白色是绝对禁止的。从长远来看，如果采用西方礼仪的趋势无可挽回，那么未来的中国人将会失去他们的文化认同。

Furthermore, the extinction of Chinese etiquette will be to the detriment of the persity of global culture.To some extent, the course can serve to arouse college students’ cultural pride and help to preserve and further develop Chinese culture.In conclusion, taking traditional Chinese etiquette in college will not only make graduates more prepared for their future,but also can constitute an important measure for college students to form Chinese cultural identity and therefore to preserve Chinese tradition and further develop it.此外，中国礼仪的丢失损害了全球文化的多样性。在某种程度上，这样的课程能够激发学生对文化的骄傲感，并帮助保护，并发展中国文化。结论，在大学教授学生传统礼仪不仅能够让学生了解自己的文化，同时也能够帮助大学生形成文化认同感，这样我们才能保护，并发展文化。

三、考博英语作文题目：

Are Nowadays College Graduates Not as Competent as Before? 考博英语作文范文：

As an economic rule goes, when supply outweighs demand, the price decreases.The same seems true for the current situation for college graduates.Since1999, the central government has implemented the Grand College Enrollment Plan, with the total number of college graduates on the increase in the following years.But the boomed economy does not provide enough jobs for those graduates coming out at a time.Therefore, many people reason that college graduates are not as competent as before for many of them have difficulties in finding jobs.But I disagree with this conclusion.从经济规律上来说，当供过于求时，价格上涨。这样的理论同样适用于当今的大学生。从1999年以来，政府实行了大学扩招计划，随后的几年，大学毕业生的数量逐年上升。但是，增长的经济并没有给这些应届生带来足够的工作机会。所以，许多人认为应届生没有了以往的能力，许多应届生找不到工作。但是，我不同意这样的结论。

Firstly, admittedly, there are some college graduates who are not competent, but these students can not represent all the students.Due to the Grand College Enrollment Plan, more and more high school students have access to the higher education.Inevitably, the standard has been lowered;otherwise, university cannot admit so many applicants.While those smart students in high schools are more likely to have excellent performance, other not-so-good students would have difficulties in college learning.As a result, those graduates with bad performance in college cannot demonstrate the value of higher learning to the society and hence they gradually form the incompetent image of college graduates.首先，毋庸置疑，许多大学毕业生没有足够的技能，但是我们不能以偏概全。由于大学扩招政策，越来越多的高中生接受了高等教育。不可避免的是，大学的水平降低了;否则，大学不能够招收这么多的学生。那些高中的好学生更有可能发挥出色，许多中等学生会发现大学的学习很困难。所以，那些大学学习不好的应届生就不能向社会展示高等教育的价值，所以，他们也造就了大学毕业生没能力的事实。

Secondly, those who hold this negative opinion do not take the social context into consideration.As is known, in the period when China carried out planned economic policies, college graduates did not need to worry about their jobs, for “iron-bowls” waited for them after graduation.But after the reform of higher education, college graduates have to find jobs for themselves.When hundreds of thousands of graduates compete for a limited number of job vacancies, there are inevitably many who cannot procure ideal jobs.第二，那些持消极观念的人并没有把社会的因素考虑在内。众所周知，在中国实施计划经济时期，大学毕业生不需要担心他们的工作问题，毕业以后，他们就会有所谓的“铁饭碗”。但是高等教育改革以后，应届生必须自己寻找工作。数十万毕业生竞争那有限的职位时，就会有人不能获得他们理想的工作，这是不可避免的。

Besides, employment is always influenced by global and national economy.When economy slows down, the corporate world would not recruit as many employees as before.For example, in 2009, many college graduates, from both prestigious universities and less-known universities, have difficulties in hunting jobs.In this sense, it is not college graduates that are incompetent;instead, it is the social context that is unfavorable to college graduates.此外，就业总是受全球和国内经济的影响。当经济下滑时，世界上的企业将不能雇佣向以前一样多的员工。例如2009年，许多来自名牌大学和普通大学的应届生，都很难找到工作。从这一点看，并不是大学学生的能力问题，而是社会因素对应届生不利。因素导致结果，人们不能在没有考虑各方名因素的情况下做出结论。否则，人们就犯了还原论者的错误。在这一事件中，那些认为大学生没有以前的学生有能力这一论断就是犯了这样的错误。他们仅仅把毕业生找工作难归咎于无能力，而并没有考虑社会和经济的情况。

四、考博英语作文题目：

Is It Meaningful to Receive College Education? 考博英语作文范文：

Given the fact that many college students have difficulties in finding jobs in the recent, thousands of high school students are reported to refuse to take the National College Entrance Examination.The news seems so convincing that many students, their parents, and the society reach the conclusion that receiving college education is a waste of time and money.Undoubtedly, these students can earn some money working in big cities or running their own business in the near future.However, I am of opinion that this view is myopic, which is to the detriment of personal development and China’s overall growth in the long term.最近一段时间，大学生很难找到工作，据报道，有上千所高中学生拒绝参加高考。这条新闻似乎很有说服力，许多学生、家长以及社会认为，接受高等教育是一种时间和金钱的浪费。毋庸置疑，这些学生可以在一些大城市上班挣钱，或者是将来自主创业。但是，我认为这样的观点目光过于短浅，这将有损于个人的发展，以及中国整个国家的发