第一篇：北大清华考博作文（最终版）

北大清华考博英语写作背诵文本

一、无形社会问题

1、国内无形社会问题 Interpret its meaning:

Obviously, the meaning conveyed by the picture not only show that ……, but, what is more important, that this social problem/phenomenon/issue, which the drawing point out, is simply one of various social problem to have become ordinary and already attracted broad attention in China/in the world in recent years.Over the past quarter of a century, China has firmly enforced the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world, which has won rapid economic growth, sustained social progress and continuous improvement of people's living standard, while China has been confronting a great number of social problems, such as energy crisis, environmental pollution and so forth, and the collapse of the invaluable traditional virtue and culture as well.In a word, there is undoubtedly the reality that Commercialism and westernization erode spiritual values, and degenerate the cultural fabrics of a society.such as fraud and deceit, the low credit, fraternal scarcity, social indifference, ill manners, ill breeding, official corruption, AIDS, energy crisis, environmental pollution, a widening gap between rich and poor, money talking, the losing of affection, the spiritual void, young suicide, and so forth.（酌情删减）

全球化/Internet问题meaning：This is the indication that with the rapid increase of globalization/Internet, our world becomes more and more like a small village, people in global village have much more communication and cooperation by various means than all of the past time and peoples need to understand each other more eagerly than the past.Possible reason for this phenomenon:

The reasons for this problem, if the possible ones are enumerated one after another, may be innumerable.Nevertheless, I contend that the main reasons are due to the social and economic circumstances given.Over the past quarter of a century。Give your comments:

1）中西文明现象或问题：Now with economic globalization, the Western civilization, especially the American culture, holding the strong position, is exerting its impact on every part of the world, including China.what kind of cultural awareness should we have in copying the Western culture? We daringly take in those that should be taken in and

decisively discard those that should be discarded, namely we should extract the essence and abandon the dross from the Western culture.What kind of culture awareness should we have in facing our traditional culture? The traditional Chinese culture, namely Confucianism or the mixture of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and other traditional thinking in ancient China, is a gigantic culture system, which has lasted for over two thousand years.So we should inherit and prosper it.（酌情删减）

2）其他社会现象（如家庭教育过于严格、大学生在校打工或创业、考研热、出国热等）：The comment to this question, in my opinion, may be not absolute, no right or wrong, and depends on different people.Advantage and disadvantage are two sides of the same coin.we should see one side of the advantage while looking at another side of the disadvantage.On the one hand, the biggest disadvantage/advantage is that ……Nevertheless, on the other hand, in the long run, the biggest disadvantage/advantage is that ……So we have to acknowledge that ……..is half-and-half of the advantage and the disadvantage.3）其他无形社会问题COMMENT同有形社会问题SUGGESTION。

二、有形社会问题

Interpret its meaning /reason : 同无形社会问题 Give your suggestions /solutions :

I have some suggestions about this problem.Firstly, China should learn from many developed countries to deal with this social problem, including other social problems moral and non-moral, by means of state legislation, social policy and other relative regulations, especially because China has become a member of the World Trade Organization(WTO)in 2001 and taken place the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 as well as.Secondly, our government should clearly stipulate the responsibilities and obligations of the relative departments for the fulfillment.Thirdly, in the long run, we should set up a special education organization or other non-governmental organizations to promote and strengthen citizens’ awareness of environmental protection（变量）, and hence improve their values/ideas/notions of consumption and morality（变量）.In addition, I recommend that children should start some education of Chinese traditional virtue as early as possible, such as thrift, honesty, affection, filial piety, courtesy, loyalty, humaneness and so on.国际社会问题SUGGESTION：Besides, international cooperation in energy field are also another important channels to alleviate this problem.The relevant international communities should increase financial input and information sharing and step up cooperation in research, development and innovation of technology.We also call on other

countries to join hands in dealing with climate change（变量）and promoting harmonious, clean and sustainable development in the world.（酌情删减）

相关关键词：少数民族文化(the ethnic groups、the ethnic culture)、互联网/电脑时代(Internet/Computer Age)、青少年(young teenagers/young adult/young children)、传统美德(traditional virtue)、铺张浪费(extravagance and waste)、勤俭节约(industry and economy)、资源保护(Energy and Resource Saving)、环境保护(environmental protect)、生态失衡(the global ecological imbalance)、非法的毒品交易(the unlawful traffic in drugs)、艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)、家庭问题(The Problem of Domestic or Family Violence)、最低生活保障(the Minimum Living Standard Scheme(MLSS))、社会保障基金(social security fund)、假冒伪劣产品问题(counterfeits and unqualified products)、消费者权益保护(the protection of consumers' rights and interests)、知识产权保护(intellectual property protection)、垃圾泛滥(more and more rubbish)、继续教育(adult education, further education: The new fashion will be to have several careers or ways of earning money and hence further education will be something that continues throughout life)、青少年犯罪(juvenile delinquency)、留学生(overseas students)、足球世界杯(the football World Cup or other international sporting occasions)。

三、学者问题

学术抱负： My first introduction is to be a student interested in international affairs, especially the economic growth of nations, poverty reduction, and role of leadership in the economic policy making.My research work is a neither purely economic study nor purely political, which is a political economic approach to analyze the growth history of China and India.My second introduction is that I am a student of foreign language.I started learning in 2000, and since then I am trying to speak and write good mandarin.I believe that in order to understand Chinese politics and economy I had to have master the mandarin spoken by 1.3 billion Chinese and many overseas Chinese in South East Asia and other part of the world.Through my research work I want to establish a fact that the role of leadership, international environment, and political stability are three major prerequisites of economic growth of a nation.My comparative study of growth in India and china will use the macro policy making process, foreign economic policy, and the role of private and state enterprises as framework to establish the above conclusions.I aspire to be part of economic policy making in India that will be possible only when I qualify for civil services exam, or become the member of Indian parliament.学者精神(Scholars ethos, responsibilities and values)：

I think that Chinese scholars should possess the following six spirits.Firstly, as Thomas Edison put it, “Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.” Secondly, as Si Maqian noted, “an alp is so steep that you will stop your step when you look it and

landscape can not go there as well, and although I’m not capable of mounting it, I want to climb up it in my heart.” Thirdly, we should be to ordain conscience for Heaven and Earth, to secure life and fortune for the people, to continue lost teachings for past sages and to establish peace for all future generations.Fourthly, it is our maxim that while I have little possession at hand, I care deeply about my people across the land.Having devoured ten thousand books and drawing inspiration from ancient thinkers, I have the whole world in my mind.Fifthly, it is our selfhood forever that neither riches nor honors can corrupt me, neither poverty nor humbleness can make me deviate from my principle, and neither threats nor forces can subdue me.sixthly, as Kant said, “there are two things that fill my mind with ever increasing admiration and awe: the starry sky above me and the moral law within me.”

我认为中国的学者应具备以下六种精神：第一，正如爱迪生指出的那样，天才是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。第二，如太史公司马迁说:“高山仰止,景行行止,虽不能止,然心向往之。” 第三，我们应该做到为天地立心、为生民立命、为往圣继绝学、为万世开太平。第四，我们的格言应当是这样：“身无半亩，心忧天下；读破万卷，神交古人”。第五，“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。”将永远是我们的人格。第六，正如康德所说“有两种东西，我对它们的思考越是深沉和持久，它们在我心灵中唤起的惊奇和敬畏就会日新月异，不断增长，这就是我头上的星空与心中的道德定律。”

四、教育问题

教育及其教育改革的重要性：It is recognized by everybody that the strength of a country depends upon its education.The higher the education standards, the stronger the country becomes.It should be recognized that our current educational development still cannot fully meet the needs of the social, economic, scientific and technological development.Many Chinese educators, parents and politicians have long been calling for a fundamental reform in the country’s education system in order to adapt effectively to the needs of socialistic market economy, globalization and the 21st century.人文性的教育与实用性的教育： Firstly, practical education should be the central project o f the current reform and practice on education.While enjoying a rapidly growing economy for more than 20 years, China has begun to witness an increasing shortage of skilled professionals.To resolve the problem, experts urged more efforts to promote vocational education and shed the outdated practice that only stresses the diploma of higher education.China needs more professionals of certain skill to support its economic growth, and such people can be trained by developing vocational education.Secondly, since the human being came to existence, people began to explore the relationship among the God, nature and human being.Humanism is just the choice from these three.It is also the affirmation to self value and ability.Education, which is a key link in the social development, takes the responsibility to portray human being.To develop humanism has been the trend of the modern development of education.全球化环境下的课程改革：China's education system should adapt to the market economy and globalization by introducing suitable academic and practical courses from abroad and otherwise changing the education system.Firstly, emphasis on practical course is demanded by our ever-developing society.If a student has little knowledge of computer, English or business, he will lag behind the times.The balance should be tipped toward practical courses in school curriculums.Secondly, as English is greatly emphasized with the rapid development of global communication, correcting the defects that exist in current education system are needed urgently.

第二篇：考博作文总结

考博作文模板总结：

第一段 As is vividly depicted in the picture,，which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts.The most striking feature that impresses me deeply is that unbelievably, Recent few years has witnessed a phenomenon of 主题 which seems to be disastrous to inpidual survival and prosperity.(4)This phenomenon of 主题 should be condemned severely or made illegal.There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration.中间段落从两方面论证问题的危害，并举例论证，预测危害的趋势

To account for the above-mentioned phenomenon, several serious effects have been put forward.To begin with,主题 not only results does harm to our physical and mental health but also results in a frustrating and humiliating life.In addition, nothing is more harmful than主题 to contradict with a harmonious society.Last but not the least, no issue is as harmful as 主题 to increase family burdens, which is a threatening situation we are unwilling to see.No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below.According to a survey made by China Daily, 63.93% of young people who have ever experienced主题will live a dull life or even feel loss of hope about the future.If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable results may come out unexpectedly, we will see the gloomy future of something.最后一段要强调解决问题，谈的两点建议通常是提高人们的意识，加强执法

From what have been discussed above, it is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to prevent主题.(2)On the one hand, we should be sensible to strengthen the enforcement of the laws to protect something.(3)On the other hand, it is demanding for us to keep people aware of the importance of saving somebody out of the evil hands of destruction.(4)However, it is easier said than done.(5)Although the fight against it is long-standing and tremendous one,our efforts will eventually pay off.(6)Only when you attention to it can you see a colorful and harmonious future better sooner or later.积极有利型的文章 以团队精神为例子

As is vividly depicted in the picture,(描述图画).The most striking feature is(图画重点信息).There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration.As is symbolically revealed in the set of drawings, the fact that(重复上面的图画信息)profoundly indicates that team work is momentous(重要的)and fundamental to any one who undertakes great deeds.Undoubtedly, it is team work that keeps us continually doing something valuable and admirable in spite of difficulty, that makes us still full of energy to face the coming challenges and competition and that offers us the foundation for the coming success.If we don not cooperate sincerely, we will live a dull and depressing life and feel frustrated and humiliated or feel loss of hope about the future.As far as I am concerned, there are several advantages that can be given as below.To begin with, nothing is more beneficial than team work to overcome our defects and improve our efficiency.Secondly, no issue is as good as team work to make our life more colorful and energetic.No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below.A person who is assigned various jobs along the production lines will make a mess just because no one can be proficient in all the things.Only by cooperating with other people can you put your capacities into full play and can you be the winner in the society.From what have been discussed above,it admits of no doubt that in doing things whether great or small there are more or less difficulties, it is much better for one to involve yourself into a team work.It is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to make your team work more efficient.On the one hand, we should be sensible to be receptive to other people’s opinions and benefits.On the other hand, it is demanding for us to be always helpful and honest to other people.However, it is easier said than done.Practice is the most important factor.Only when you pay attention to it can you make it better sooner or later.(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this

matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the

table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally

believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.（6）实用性写作（申请信)

Your address Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，X X X

第三篇：考博英语作文万能

（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.joozone.com（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.1（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.（6）实用性写作（申请信)Your address Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours, X X X

01 The Language of Music A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor.Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing 2 every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties;the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.02 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engaged in education from infancy on.Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.03 The Definition of “Price”

Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make 3 up the “system” of prices.The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected inpiduals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors.In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04 Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record;they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small – often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live.(An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.)As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05 The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the 4 world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear pision was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium.” In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this vies tales(about the hunt, war, or other feats)are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.06 Television Television-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word “television”, derived from its Greek(tele: distant)and Latin(visio: sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable.These impulses, when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system, however.It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be pided into two categories determined by its means of transmission.First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals.Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of inpiduals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses.We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to 5 what exists today.During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment.These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well.We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.07 Andrew Carnegie p Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and , in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America.His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that inpiduals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves.“He who dies rich, dies disgraced,” he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.写好考博作文的几点看法

本人也曾是考研、考博大军中的一员，深知作文的好坏直接影响总分，怎样才能得到好的分数呢？主要有以下几点体会：一是要背一些句型，各种长短句的搭配运用能有效提高作文的档次，当然分值也就提高了；二是要记一些不同类型作文的框架，针对不同的题材，通过修饰、润色，基本就差不多了；三是要学会举例子，在写到山穷水尽时，不妨来个例子，尽可在不偏离主题的情况下自由发挥，要求的字数也就上去了。这仅仅是我自己感觉写作中较重要的三点，不能以偏概全，其他还有许多要注意的问题，由于本文篇幅所限，不再赘述，这也只是应试的小体会，要真正提高写作能力，诸君要多练、多体会才是。仿照下面几篇文章，大家改写试试，说不定会有所帮助。1.Directions: Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society.But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1.Role of women in modern society

2.Prejudices and discrimination against women 3.My comment You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society.Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering.They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories.Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex.In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men.There are even some businesses which are run completely by women.It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways.In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough.They believe that women are the weaker sex – both physically and emotionally.Thus, women are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties.According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home.Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only.In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders.Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing.(242 words)2.Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes.Study the following table care fully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table.You should quote as few figures as possible.Outline: 1.Changes in people’s daily expanses in the past five years 2.Possible reasons for the changes 3.My own conclusion Year Item1997 ***1 Food65%60%48%42%35% Clothing5%7%10%13%15% Recreation3%5%7%8%13% Others24%26%33%36%38% Total100%100%100%100%100% In the past five years, there have been great changes in people’s daily expenses in XX city.According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 2001.However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 15% in 2001.In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses.The same was the case with other expenses.What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons.To begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributes to the decline in their prices.Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion.Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a variety of recreations is growing steadily, too.In short, with the incomes continuing to rise, people will no longer resign themselves to living a dull, monotonous life.They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting.Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations.(219 words)3．Directions: Migrant workers(外地民工)have made a great contribution to the 7 prosperity of cities.In this part, you are to write within 40 minutes a composition of 200 words about “The Role of Migrant Workers”.You can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to above statement.But no matter which position you take, you should supporting reasons.As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities.They are an indispensable part of our work force.Most of them work on construction sites.There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower.In addition, a large number of migrant workers are a beneficial factor, which enhances the consumption of food and daily items.This in turn helps to develop food industry and service trades in cites.All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities.However, as a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides”.The same is the case with migrant workers.Firstly, most of them are not well educated and professionally trained.Some of them have had very little schooling.As you know.Illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of the law, tend to make trouble, thus endangering social order.Secondly, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money.Being illiterate or unskilled, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they are ambitious for.Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of society.In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything.We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them.(244 words)8

第四篇：考博英语作文2015

英语作文范文2015

一、考博英语作文题目：

Do Modern People Become Lonelier? 考博英语作文范文：

Although Chinese people have gradually become wealthy more or less due to the reform and opening-up policy，they have oftentimes been troubled by a lack of friends that they can take into their confidence.This observation manifests itself most vividly in a line cited from the movie.If You Are the One，that is，“I do not lack money but friends”.Ironically，in the cell phone contact list of an average person，the number of cellphone numbers may reach a couple of hundreds.One cannot help wondering if modern people become lonelier than before.Personally，I hold the opinion that modern people do become lonelier than before.由于改革开放政策的实施，中国人民变得比以往更加富有，但是，有时他们也会因为缺少朋友而困扰，朋友能够为他们带来自信。我们能从电影台词中清晰可见。电影非诚勿扰中有一句台词：“我不缺钱，只缺朋友。”具有讽刺意味的是，在人们的电话薄中，我们存储了上百个电话号码。人们不禁会想现代人是否比以往更加孤单。我认为，现代人比以往更加孤单。

Firstly，due to the urbanizing process at an unprecedented speed，the society becomes more mobile，for more and more people migrate from one city to another to seek fortune.Nowadays people in cities are consisted do f migrate workers from rural areas，college graduates in pursuit of their dreams，businessmen across the country and the local.Given the fact that people from different regions have different subcultures，people tend to reject people with different backgrounds.Besides，as people are more interested in making money，they are more likely to conflict in interest.No wonder that circle of confidants has shrunk dramatically and the number of people with whom to discuss important matters has spirally increased.首先，由于城市化进程的飞速发展，社会就像是一种移动的团体，为了挣钱，越来越多的人从一座城市迁移到另一座城市。如今，城市有许多从农村来的农民工，以及那些追寻梦想的大学毕业生，来自当地和其他国家的商人。由于人们来自不同的地区，有着不一样的次文化，人们往往会由于背景的不同而相互排斥。此外，人们对挣钱的欲望越来越大，他们更有可能因为利益而发生争执。难怪人们的朋友正在急剧减少，与他人谈论重大事宜的人却越来越多。

Secondly，while people are able to benefit from the advancement of new technologies，they are likely to depend more upon technologies instead of friends.Communication technologies such as the Internet and phones let people stay in contact with other people who are from remote areas，and spend time on the phone and the Internet communications instead of dealing with people face to face.Network games have gained their popularity to such an extent that many spend most of their spare time in playing network games and hence they become apathetic to have a good time with friends face to face.That face time seems more likely to develop friendships.第二，如今，人们能够通过先进的技术来获得利益，比起朋友来说，他们更加依靠技术。例如互联网和手机这样的通讯技术能够让人们与远在千里之外的人交流，人们不再进行面对面的交流，人们利用互联网和手机交流的时间增多了。网络游戏在一定程度上得到了迅猛的发展，人们的大量时间都花在了玩网络游戏上，人与人之间的交流变得非常冷淡。面对面的交流可以促进友谊。

As a result，the reduced face time would translate into a loose network between friends.Insum，urbanization has reduced the intimacy between human beings and makes them less likely to make friends than in the past and the advancement of modern technology also makes people more apathetic by reducing face-to-face contact with friends.I hope people can regain the in timacy between friends as before.所以，面对面交流的减少将会导致朋友之间的疏远。总结，城市化减少了人与人之间的亲密感，比起以往，人们交朋友的可能性正在降低，由于技术的不断发展，人们对于面对面交流更加冷漠。我希望人们之间的关系能够像从前那样亲密。

二、考博英语作文题目：

Should Traditional Chinese Etiquette Be Taught in Class? 考博英语作文范文：

Throughout most of China’s long history, the relationships between people were based on carefully prescribed forms of behavior, that is,etiquette.Learning and following etiquette is so important that people are always judged by how closely they follow these rules of behaviors.For those who do not follow those prescribed rules of conduct,they are regarded as uncivilized barbarians.在中国的历史长河中，人际关系都是依照约定俗成的行为方式来维持的，这种行为就是礼仪。学习和遵循礼仪至关重要，人们总是用遵循行为准则来判断某人。对于那些不遵循特定行为准则的人，人们会认为他们是缺乏文化的野蛮人。

However,as China has been increasingly entangled in the global village,many Chinese people,especially the young,have lost some traditions because of the influences of Western cultures.According to a famous professor,the majority of Chinese college students have not had systematic training on traditional Chinese etiquette.As for me, traditional etiquette should be taught in class.但是，中国与世界的距离越来越近，由于西方的影响，许多中国人，尤其是年轻人丧失了许多传统。著名教授说，绝大部分的中国学生没有系统地接受过中国传统礼仪的培养。对于我来说，课堂应该教授学生传统礼仪。

Firstly, if college students can receive a systematic education in traditional etiquette in class, they can get more prepared for the future.As is known, college students usually have learnt some traditional etiquette through daily interaction with friends and relatives, but the process is time-consuming.They have to be sensitive enough to observe other people’s behaviors and then know what proper behaviors in different social situations are.Sometimes the learning process is by trial and error.They can only form right behaviors after breaking the rules of conduct and being corrected by the costly consequence.If they have already taken systematic etiquette course in college, they can follow proper etiquette and have a more guaranteed future.首先，如果学生能够在学校接受传统礼仪的系统教育，那么他们就能够很好地迎接未来。众所周知，大学学生通常都是通过与朋友，亲戚的来往来了解传统礼仪的，但是这样的过程是很费时的。他们必须对别人的行为非常敏感才行，然后了解不同社会场合的不同礼仪。有时，这样的学习过程是要通过反复试验的。违反了行为准则之后，他们才能形成正确的准则，然而这样的代价是非常昂贵的。如果他们已经在大学接受了系统的礼仪课程，那么他们就能够遵循适当的礼仪，他们也将有一个美好的未来。

Secondly, as these meticulous rules of conduct have been formed throughout Chinese history, they are unique Chinese characteristics and are inseparable to Chinese culture.With the advent of globalization, western culture is so influential that many young people often look to Western customs and etiquette as being fashionable.For example, nowadays most young women in China would like to wear western-style white dresses and veils at wedding while traditional Chinese weddings feature red gowns for brides and white is an absolute taboo.In the long term, if the trend to adopt western etiquette cannot be curbed, the Chinese generations in the future will lose their cultural identity.第二，由于这些行为准则是在中国历史的长河中形成的，所以它们是中国所独有的，与中国文化息息相关。随着全球化的到来，西方文化的影响之大，以至于许多年轻人遵从了西方那些充满时尚气息的传统和礼仪。例如。现如今，许多中国的年轻人在婚礼上喜欢穿西式的白色的礼裙和纱巾，然而在中国传统的婚礼上，新娘都会穿红色礼服，白色是绝对禁止的。从长远来看，如果采用西方礼仪的趋势无可挽回，那么未来的中国人将会失去他们的文化认同。

Furthermore, the extinction of Chinese etiquette will be to the detriment of the persity of global culture.To some extent, the course can serve to arouse college students’ cultural pride and help to preserve and further develop Chinese culture.In conclusion, taking traditional Chinese etiquette in college will not only make graduates more prepared for their future,but also can constitute an important measure for college students to form Chinese cultural identity and therefore to preserve Chinese tradition and further develop it.此外，中国礼仪的丢失损害了全球文化的多样性。在某种程度上，这样的课程能够激发学生对文化的骄傲感，并帮助保护，并发展中国文化。结论，在大学教授学生传统礼仪不仅能够让学生了解自己的文化，同时也能够帮助大学生形成文化认同感，这样我们才能保护，并发展文化。

三、考博英语作文题目：

Are Nowadays College Graduates Not as Competent as Before? 考博英语作文范文：

As an economic rule goes, when supply outweighs demand, the price decreases.The same seems true for the current situation for college graduates.Since1999, the central government has implemented the Grand College Enrollment Plan, with the total number of college graduates on the increase in the following years.But the boomed economy does not provide enough jobs for those graduates coming out at a time.Therefore, many people reason that college graduates are not as competent as before for many of them have difficulties in finding jobs.But I disagree with this conclusion.从经济规律上来说，当供过于求时，价格上涨。这样的理论同样适用于当今的大学生。从1999年以来，政府实行了大学扩招计划，随后的几年，大学毕业生的数量逐年上升。但是，增长的经济并没有给这些应届生带来足够的工作机会。所以，许多人认为应届生没有了以往的能力，许多应届生找不到工作。但是，我不同意这样的结论。

Firstly, admittedly, there are some college graduates who are not competent, but these students can not represent all the students.Due to the Grand College Enrollment Plan, more and more high school students have access to the higher education.Inevitably, the standard has been lowered;otherwise, university cannot admit so many applicants.While those smart students in high schools are more likely to have excellent performance, other not-so-good students would have difficulties in college learning.As a result, those graduates with bad performance in college cannot demonstrate the value of higher learning to the society and hence they gradually form the incompetent image of college graduates.首先，毋庸置疑，许多大学毕业生没有足够的技能，但是我们不能以偏概全。由于大学扩招政策，越来越多的高中生接受了高等教育。不可避免的是，大学的水平降低了;否则，大学不能够招收这么多的学生。那些高中的好学生更有可能发挥出色，许多中等学生会发现大学的学习很困难。所以，那些大学学习不好的应届生就不能向社会展示高等教育的价值，所以，他们也造就了大学毕业生没能力的事实。

Secondly, those who hold this negative opinion do not take the social context into consideration.As is known, in the period when China carried out planned economic policies, college graduates did not need to worry about their jobs, for “iron-bowls” waited for them after graduation.But after the reform of higher education, college graduates have to find jobs for themselves.When hundreds of thousands of graduates compete for a limited number of job vacancies, there are inevitably many who cannot procure ideal jobs.第二，那些持消极观念的人并没有把社会的因素考虑在内。众所周知，在中国实施计划经济时期，大学毕业生不需要担心他们的工作问题，毕业以后，他们就会有所谓的“铁饭碗”。但是高等教育改革以后，应届生必须自己寻找工作。数十万毕业生竞争那有限的职位时，就会有人不能获得他们理想的工作，这是不可避免的。

Besides, employment is always influenced by global and national economy.When economy slows down, the corporate world would not recruit as many employees as before.For example, in 2009, many college graduates, from both prestigious universities and less-known universities, have difficulties in hunting jobs.In this sense, it is not college graduates that are incompetent;instead, it is the social context that is unfavorable to college graduates.此外，就业总是受全球和国内经济的影响。当经济下滑时，世界上的企业将不能雇佣向以前一样多的员工。例如2009年，许多来自名牌大学和普通大学的应届生，都很难找到工作。从这一点看，并不是大学学生的能力问题，而是社会因素对应届生不利。因素导致结果，人们不能在没有考虑各方名因素的情况下做出结论。否则，人们就犯了还原论者的错误。在这一事件中，那些认为大学生没有以前的学生有能力这一论断就是犯了这样的错误。他们仅仅把毕业生找工作难归咎于无能力，而并没有考虑社会和经济的情况。

四、考博英语作文题目：

Is It Meaningful to Receive College Education? 考博英语作文范文：

Given the fact that many college students have difficulties in finding jobs in the recent, thousands of high school students are reported to refuse to take the National College Entrance Examination.The news seems so convincing that many students, their parents, and the society reach the conclusion that receiving college education is a waste of time and money.Undoubtedly, these students can earn some money working in big cities or running their own business in the near future.However, I am of opinion that this view is myopic, which is to the detriment of personal development and China’s overall growth in the long term.最近一段时间，大学生很难找到工作，据报道，有上千所高中学生拒绝参加高考。这条新闻似乎很有说服力，许多学生、家长以及社会认为，接受高等教育是一种时间和金钱的浪费。毋庸置疑，这些学生可以在一些大城市上班挣钱，或者是将来自主创业。但是，我认为这样的观点目光过于短浅，这将有损于个人的发展，以及中国整个国家的发展。

Firstly, in terms of personal development, university is not a vocational training center despite the fact that a university diploma indicates graduates are more likely to find decent jobs.Instead, university is a place for personal cultivation and improvement.In universities, students will learn to find their real interests, perfect their personality, and form right outlooks toward the world.Furthermore, students will learn to gather, analyze, and evaluate information so that they can resolve problems in their lives.For those who are suspicious of the value of higher learning to some extent, they can be regarded as plutolatry.They worship money and believe that money is everything in their lives.首先，就个人发展而言，大学不是职业培训中心，尽管拥有大学文凭更有可能获得体面的工作。相反，大学是个人培养和发展的地方。在大学里，学生可以寻找到自己真正的兴趣，完善个人品质，树立正确的世界观。此外，学生将会学习到如何收集、分析以及评估信息，这样，学生才能够解决生活中的问题。对于那些在某种程度上怀疑高等教育的人们来说，我们可以把他们视为拜金主义。他们崇拜金钱，并相信金钱对他们意味着所有的事情。

Secondly, in terms of national growth, the advancement of a nation is characterized by its greatness of high education.In this sense, universities are the centers of research and academic exploration.Take the United States for instance.Among the top 100 universities in the world, the majority of them are located in the United States.The advancement of US high education is indicative of the fact that those universities produce the most Nobel Prize laureates in comparison with other countries.American universities also turn out to be magnet for most smart students around the world.Those universities contribute tremendous share to the US’ growth through scientific and technological support.第二，就国家增长来说，国家的进步是表现在高等教育的发展之上的。从这一方面讲，大学是研究和学术探索的中心。就美国为例，世界前一百所大学中，绝大部分都来自美国。美国高等教育的先进指明，相比于其他国家，这些大学产生了最多的诺贝尔奖获得者。美国大学也成为了吸引全世界人才的磁场。美国的发展绝大部分都来源于大学在技术和科技方面的支持。

In China, if the belief that receiving college education is a waste of time and money cannot be corrected in time, it is inevitable that China can only reap short-term GDP growth but will be deprived of opportunity to become a competitive international players in the long run, for the human resource will be drained eventually.在中国，如果认为接受高等教育是一种浪费时间的话，我们的金钱观也就不会得到更正，中国的国民人均生产总值将不会有着长远的发展，人们也将失去成为国际竞争者的机会。人才也将最终枯竭。

In sum, receiving college education will benefit both inpidual and the country.Indicative of the dire job market for college graduates is not the uselessness of college education.Instead, college education means we should study harder to make a full preparation for the future.最后，不管从个人还是国家，接受高等教育都是受益的。应届生就业市场的不景气不能够说明，接受高等教育是无用的。相反，高等教育意味着，我们更应该努力学习，为未来做好准备。

五、考博英语作文题目：

Can College Village Heads Plan Really Help? 考博英语作文范文：

Due to the Grand College Enrollment Plan, the number of university graduates has been on the increase since the central government started implementing the plan.Though the plan helps improve our national quality, it creates pressu