第一篇：考研黄皮书写作佳句总结

1.Everybody loves travelling.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that you have been overcharged.2.When children are treated as thoughtful and responsible persons, so that they can feel that they are respected, their behavior will become markedly different.3.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each person feels he is not being cheated.4.However, whether traditional cultures can enjoy a revival, is, as yet, an unanswered question

5.There are promising parallels today.6.The clear message is that in the internet age, we should take more efforts to safeguard our private information

7.Voices now come from many quarters insisting that academic burden is the cause of suicide cases in campus , that measures should be taken to relieve that burden

8.It’ s obvious that a majority of parents still don’t take family education seriously

9.To serve an responsible stewards of the planet , we must press forward on environment protection plan

10.The growing awareness of self-growth is a promising start.11.Of all the components of success, fortune seems to be least within our control

12.Evidence from decline in species persity supports this vies

13.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples both home and abroad, the trend that an increasing number of people are crazy about travelling is unmistakable

14.He acknowledges that all varieties of pets, including unusual ones like lizards , can make their owners relax

15.In spite of “endless talk of copyright protection,” the number of people who will not refuse to buy pirate products is still exceedingly high according to a national survey

16.The fierce competition in the domestic university entrance examination and the better education in foreign universities are main forces for the mounting number of people studying abroad

17.The situation is that consumer price has rocketed and employee’ salaries have stayed low

18.Now something similar could be happening in china

19.That psychological problems exist in college students has been known for years

20.The number of trash messages in various forms has increased on average by 90% with 5 years

21.Statistics show that the crime online has caused a considerable loss for people, which future management efforts must take into account

22.Today the messages people are surrounded with are not what they wish to get but trash e-mails and phone messages ,and endless commercial

23.The over-protection that brings tender care for children carries the greatest potential to make them not only over-dependent but also fragile

This can be illustrated by the example of……..But most students are coping with a lot of homework, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.Academic burden is the cause of suicide cases in campus, that measures should be taken to relieve that burden.A trend of learning Chinese is emerging worldwide.People with kind heart have been more than willing to share their knowledge.Environmentally speaking, there are advantages to reducing the number of private cars.Giving up after several setbacks is a far different thing from struggling to survive and thrive after a series of failures.The above arguments may not involve all the important elements necessary to solve the environmental problem.Scholars note that current university education best offers students academic knowledge but fail to equip them with adaptive capacity and practical ability, components also critical to their future life.The environmental awareness has begun, and the clean and friendly environment may not be far behind.The fierce competition in the domestic university entrance examination and the better education in the foreign universities are the main forces for the mounting number of people studying abroad.This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon.Now something similar could be happening in China.That psychological problems exsit in college students has been known for years.The over-protection that brings tender care for children carries the greatest potential to make them over-dependent.For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.To be sure, superstars perform an impressive variety of interesting shows, but it is not necessary for us to follow them crazily.Some scholars who reply that imitation can produce innovation are missing this point.For the attention and money of customers, a product in today’s economy must compete not only with similar domestic products but also with similar products from foreign countries.The widespread availability of e-books has thus brought about a crisis in the traditional publishing industry.If environment protectors are to succeed, they must first help promote environmental awareness in the public.A little rest after finishing a task gave us time to reflect on what kind of experience we have obtained.A more tolerate environment for foreign cultures also has the ordinary people brave to try exotic lifestyle.As the employment picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring and hard-working persons.I cannot think of a single task which has not been efficiently accomplished through close cooperation.One man’s poison is another man’s antidote.This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with the emergency of the internet and will go further.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided people with more communications choices have also increased the risk that some people will lose the ability to cope with interpersonal relationship in reality.That a college diploma is anything less than a guarantee for successful life gets people thingking.The very things that dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.….is hardly the only example of….It is hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to blindly believe ill-founded theories just because they are advocated by self-claimed experts.Of all the changes that have taken place in China during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the internet revolution.The idea is intuitively compelling, but it does not explain how….Encouraging college students to do part-time job fits nicely with the idea that they should learn to be independent.Some graduates have come up with the finding that certificates have far less impact on job-hunting than is generally supposed.Problem children have been blaming inconsiderate parents and teachers for their troubles.Successful markets require honest merchants and virtuous customers.Rather than dismissing ourselves as dimless teenagers, we can instead have our life goal by carefully planning our future.This is where..comes in.The conventional view that school education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting personal growth is wrong.The protection of nature resources is necessary for maintaining species persity.Scholars sould be encouraged to write and publish extensively, giving China an atomsphere of intellectual earnestness.

第二篇：一周学习2014考研英语写作300佳句(四)（最终版）

一周学习考研英语300佳句：考研英语写作创作策略与高分范文

内容导读：

由于国内英语教学中写作训练薄弱，大批学生只会单词，不懂语境和搭配，出现了各种可笑的中文思维现象。我们写作教学中专门强调语感的培养，除单词记忆和句型操练之外，在此专门选编了300个闪光的英文句子，涉及面很广，配有译文并用黑体标出了句子衔接的主干框架。读者可以在阅读中仔细领会每句话表达的妙处，遣词造句的独特设计。也可以作为写作的范本加以背诵，提高自己的语感和闪光点意识。

181.Chances are that man will eventually land on Mars.人类有可能最终登陆火星。

182.The likelihood for peace in the Middle East remains questionable.中东和平的可能性仍让人怀疑。

183.The necessity for nuclear nonproliferation seems clear.防止核扩散的必要性似乎清清楚楚。

184.It is perhaps more accurate to consider the family as a blanket of security, rather than a cloak of bondage.把家庭看作保护安全的毯子可能比把它看作束缚的斗篷更确切。

185.While generalizations are dangerous, it is quite safe to present solid evidence.抽象概括是危险的,但是,提供确凿的证据是万无一失的。

186.It seems almost certain that China will achieve this year's economic growth targets.中国将完成今年经济增长的目标似乎是毫无疑问的。

187.Reaching this year's growth targets is almost a certainty.达到今年的增长目标几乎是必然的。

188.The urgency of the situation makes it necessary to reiterate the monumental problems of population growth.情况的紧迫性使我们有必要重申人口增长的重大问题。

189.A recent study revealed the surprising fact that many students pass examinations by relying on nothing more than rote memorization.It is horrifying to think that students graduate without a thorough understanding of the subject matter.最近的一项研究显示了一个令人惊讶的事实：许多学生仅仅依靠死记硬背通过考试。想到学生对主题没有透彻地理解就毕业了是令人震惊的。

190.Needless to say, advertising sells products.Where would we be without it? Shelves would be empty, consumers would have few choices and products information would disappear.毋庸讳言，广告推销产品。没有它，情况将会怎样？货架将空空如也，消费者的选择将减少，产品的信息将消失。

191.The plain truth is that people are most often self-centered.明显的事实是人经常是以自我为中心的。

192.There's little wonder why young people often find it difficult to find an appropriate role model.No wonder they drink, smoke, fright, carouse and otherwise engage in inappropriate social behavior.年轻人发现很难找到合适的榜样并不奇怪。难怪他们喝酒、抽烟、打架、狂欢作乐或者做出不当的社会举动。

193.It should come as no surprise to learn that many abused children become abusers later in life.发现很多受虐待的儿童后来虐待别人不应该感到奇怪。

194.There is probably a great deal of truth in the assertion that unscrupulous brokers are salivating at the thought of unsophisticated investors entering the securities market.断言不道德的经纪人想到没有经验的投资者进入股票市场就垂涎三尺可能有一定的道理。

195.There's little doubt that China has spawned a new generation of “Little Emperors “ , but the truth is that the fault rests with parents who ” spare the rod to spoil the child " and not with children themselves.毫无疑问，中国产生了新一代“小皇帝”，但事实是责任在于“闲了棍子，惯了孩子”的家长，而不是孩子自己。

196.There's little justification for objections to sex education.In fact, even a minimal introduction to consequences of sexual interaction(the bird's and bees)might have dramatically changed the lives of many people.反对性教育几乎是没有道理的。实际上，最小限度的介绍性行为的后果（鸟和蜜蜂的）可能戏剧性地改变许多人的生活。

197.We can safely say that the world continues to turn and things have changed dramatically, but we can never claim the world is a safer place.我们可以稳妥地说世界在继续传动，情况发生了巨大的变化，但是，我们永远不能声称世界变得更加安全了。

198.We can say this and we can say that, but the most important thing is not to say, but instead to do.我们可以说这说那，但最重要的事不是说，而是做。

199.Divided we fall, united we conquer.This does not mean that conquest is the goat, but instead that unified efforts yield positive results.分离就会垮台，团结就能征服。这不是说征服是目的，而是说团结一致的努力会产生积极的结果。

200.Historically speaking, our ancestors placed great emphasis on filial piety.历史上，我们的祖先很重视孝顺。

201.It doesn't follow that one should abandon a workable plan simply because of minor setbacks.So doing would quite frankly be foolish.一个人不能因为几个小挫折就放弃一个可行的计划。这样做的确很愚蠢。

202.One corrupt politician does not suggest that all politicians are bad.Any such presumption is totally misguided.有一个腐败的政府官员不能说明所有的政府官员都是坏的。这样的假设完全是被误导的。

203.Don't get the idea that money grows on trees, or that there's such a thing as a free ride.不要以为钱长在树上，也不要以为有免费的午餐。

204.Along with interest in music comes a greater awareness of culture.伴随着对音乐的兴趣的是对文化更清晰的认识。

205.It's not that I don't want to be rich and famous.Obviously I do, but just haven't as yet found the way to get there.并不是我不想致富成名。我当然想，但是还没有找到致富成名的途径。

206.If the claims of the other side prove true, we may be forced to alter our position.如果对方的主张被证明是正确的，我们可能被迫要改变我们的立场。

207.The urgent need for nuclear nonproliferation is undeniable.Moreover, failure to halt the spread of weapons of mass destruction increases the chance for nuclear holocaust.防止核扩散的紧迫性是不可否认的。此外，制止大规模杀伤性武器扩散的失败增加了核毁灭的可能性。

208.Having recognized the problem, it follows that we must develop a plan of action.意识到了问题，接下去我们必须制定行动计划。

209.Governments have reached a consensus on the need for peace and it follows that actions speak louder than words.政府一致同意和平的必要性，接下去就是行动胜于语言了。

210.The convincing proof that smoking causes cancer has failed to convince hundreds of millions of people to abandon the vile habit.抽烟致癌的有力证据没能说服数百万人改掉这一恶习。

211.Traffic laws are of little use if drivers simply ignore them and law enforcement departments fail to adopt effective enforcement programs.如果司机完全无视交通法，法律实施部门不能采取有效的实施程序，交通法就没有一点儿作用。

212.Agricultural modernization cannot be achieved unless the government substantially increases

funding;farmers accept advanced agronomic techniques;and consumers engaged in a concerted effort to reduce unnecessary and exorbitant waste.除非政府大幅度地增加投资；农民接受高级的农业技术；消费者共同努力减少不必要的过度的浪费，农业现代化就不能实现。

213.Effective flood control is not only necessary, but is also essential for protecting the lives of millions of Chinese citizens.有效地控制洪水不仅是必要的，而且对保护数百万中国公民的生命来说是必不可少的。

214.Simple expressions of indignation are no substitute for meaningful actions to right a wrong.仅仅表示愤慨不能取代改正错误的有意义的行动。

215.Even modest increases in education allocations are better than none.甚至对教育拨款的适度增加都比不增加好。

216.The slightest miscalculations in trajectory can spell doom for a successful space mission.对轨道的细小的计算错误可以意味着对成功的太空任务的灭顶之灾。

217.Anyone with one eye and half sense(common sense)knows that good prevails over evil.任何一个有一只眼睛和一半判断力（常识）的人都知道邪不压正。

218.It is impossible to reach appropriate conclusions without access to relevant information.没有相关的信息不可能得出相关的结论。

219.The fact remains that the consequences of drug misuse and abuse can be devastating upon the entire community.实际情况仍然是误用和滥用药物的后果对整个社会都会是破坏性的。

220.Respect is given where respect is due.尊敬只给予值得尊敬的人。

221.It really doesn't matter whether a cat is black or white, but instead whether or not it can catch the mouse.猫是黑是白真的不重要，重要的是它是不是能抓老鼠。

222.Whatever the outcome, we must resolutely precede with our objective.无论结果如何，我们必须坚定地继续为目标而努力。

223.However great the will to achieve, and however great the demand to succeed, one should never abandon his/her moral and social consciousness.无论成功的决心多么坚定，成功的要求多么强烈，一个人永远不能丧失他/她的道德和社会觉悟。

224.However pressing the need and urgency of the problem one should not precede without a

plausible plan.无论需要多么紧迫，问题多么紧急，一个人不能没有看似有理的计划就开始行动。

225.Posing crime is often cited as a prime example of mounting social decay.犯罪的上升经常被当作越来越严重的社会倒退的主要例子。

226.Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, is a classic example of success.微软的创始人比尔•盖茨是成功的经典范例。

227.Persistence pays off!A case in point centers on the ongoing negotiations and anticipated eminent resolution of the Middle East peace process.坚持不懈能取得好结果！一个恰当的例子是正在进行的关于中东和平进程的谈判和预期达成的引人注目的决议。

228.The advertisement is a perfect example of misleading content designed to fool consumers.广告是为愚弄消费者而设计的误导内容的很好的例子。

229.The land for peace deal represents a concrete agreement which will end conflict and bring stability to the Middle East.达成和平协议的余地代表一个具体的协定，它将结束争端，给中东带来稳定。

230.We should gather additional facts to support existing evidence and illustrate the correctness of the contention.我们需要收集更多的事实支持现有的证据，并证明论点的正确性。

231.A few more examples should be added to highlight the already familiar facts.还需要增加几个例子强调已经很熟悉的真相。

232.We can cite Nelson Mandela's experience as an excellent example of overcoming adversity.我们可以把纳尔逊•曼德拉的经历作为克服困境的很好的例子。

233.History abounds with great men worthy of adulation and emulation.历史上有很多值得称赞和效法的伟人。

234.I, for one, will steadfastly resist any attempts to justify violence as a means to an end.拿我来说，我会坚决抵制任何证明暴力是达到目的的一种正当手段的企图。

235.Take the “Gang of Four “as an example of a group of zealots who attempted to usurp power to serve their own purposes.以“四人帮”为例，他们是一群企图篡权为自己的目的服务的狂热者。

236.Racial cleansing serves as a case in point to illustrate the lengths some people will go to prove their superiority.种族清洗是恰当的例子，用来说明一些人为了证明他们的优越性而走了多远。

237.We can safely assume that the indiscriminate acts of our generation will have an adverse impact on future generations.我们可以万无一失地想当然认为我们这一代人任意的行为将给未来的人造成负面的影响。

238.Recurring themes are readily discernible in the annals of history.There's little doubt that history does, in fact, repeat itself.在历史纪录上完全可以找到重复的主题。实际上，毫无疑问，历史会重演。

239.Numerous examples might be cited to support fallacious claims, but they most often lack a relevance to the issue under discussion.可能有很多例子支持错误的主张，但它们经常缺少和正在讨论的问题的相关性。

240.I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon.在夏季炎热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。

第三篇：2002年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书)

2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.Yet much had happened 1.As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical.It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 ththe 20 century world of the motor car and the air plane.Not everyone sees that Process in 8.It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12.As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage

increasing.They were thought of, like people, generations, with the distance between generations much 16.It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live.The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications.“Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes.And generalizations have proved difficult.1.［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later 2.［A］after ［B］by ［C］during ［D］until 3.［A］means ［B］method ［C］medium ［D］measure 4.［A］process ［B］company ［C］light ［D］form 5.［A］gathered ［B］speeded ［C］worked ［D］picked 6.［A］on ［B］out ［C］over ［D］off 7.［A］of ［B］for ［C］beyond ［D］into 8.［A］concept ［B］dimension ［C］effect ［D］perspective 9.［A］indeed ［B］hence ［C］however ［D］therefore 10.［A］brought ［B］followed ［C］stimulated ［D］characterized 11.［A］unless ［B］since ［C］lest ［D］although 12.［A］apparent ［B］desirable ［C］negative ［D］plausible

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13.［A］institutional ［B］universal ［C］fundamental ［D］instrumental 14.［A］ability ［B］capability ［C］capacity ［D］faculty 15.［A］by means of ［B］in terms of ［C］with regard to［D］in line with 16.［A］deeper ［B］fewer ［C］nearer ［D］smaller 17.［A］context ［B］range ［C］scope ［D］territory 18.［A］regarded ［B］impressed ［C］influenced ［D］effected 19.［A］competitive ［B］controversial ［C］distracting ［D］irrational 20.［A］above ［B］upon ［C］against ［D］with

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Text 1

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter.He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself.“Who is that?” the new arrival asked St.Peter.“Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman.You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural.Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.Often it’s the delivery which causes the

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audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor.It often comes from the unexpected.A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatement.Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.21.To make your humor work, you should.[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience [B] make fun of the disorganized people [C] address different problems to different people [D] show sympathy for your listeners 22.The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are.[A] impolite to new arrivals [B] very conscious of their godlike role [C] entitled to some privileges [D] very busy even during lunch hours 23.It can be inferred from the text that public services.[A] have benefited many people [B] are the focus of public attention [C] are an inappropriate subject for humor [D] have often been the laughing stock 24.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered.[A] in well-worded language [B] as awkwardly as possible [C] in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible 25.The best title for the text may be.[A] Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor [C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies

Text 2 

Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the

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transaction.Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge.“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”

Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined.They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.26.Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in.[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27.The word “gizmos”(line 1, paragraph 2)most probably means.

[A] programs［B］ experts ［C］ devices  ［D］ creatures 28.According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can.[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.[B] interact with human beings verbally. [C] have a little common sense.

[D] respond independently to a changing world.

29.Besides reducing human labor, robots can also.

[A] make a few decisions for themselves.[B] deal with some errors with human intervention. [C] improve factory environments.[D] cultivate human creativity.http://club.topsage.com/forum.php?gid=27

30.The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are.[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.

[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.[D] best used in a controlled environment.Text 3 

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December.This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled.Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s.In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s.In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production.For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago.In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.31.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______ [A] global inflation. [B] reduction in supply.[C]fast growth in economy. [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports.http://club.topsage.com/forum.php?gid=27

32.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if______.[A] price of crude rises.[B] commodity prices rise.[C] consumption rises.[D] oil taxes rise.33.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______.

［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.［B］income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.［C］manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.［D］oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.34.We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______.

［A］oil-price shocks are less shocking now.［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.［C］energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.［D］the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.35.From the text we can see that the writer seems__________.［A］optimistic.［B］sensitive.［C］gloomy.［D］scared.Text 4

The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.“It’s like surgery,” he says.“We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death.If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the

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National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care.“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”, to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”.He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.36.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that.[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain [B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives [C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide [D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide 37.Which of the following statements its true according to the text? [A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.[D] A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.38.According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is.[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain [C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufficient hospital care 39.Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive”(line 4, paragraph 7)? [A] Bold.[B] Harmful.[C] Careless.[D] Desperate 40.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they.[A] manage their patients incompetently [B] give patients more medicine than needed [C] reduce drug dosages for their patients [D] prolong the needless suffering of the patients

Part B Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

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Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone.What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.（41）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.（42）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure.It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.（43）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the inpidual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available.It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched.Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.（44）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment.It also raises questions concerning “values”.Who will use a technology and to what ends?（45）Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section III Writing

46.Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures National and International”.In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2.give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

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An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）

第一部分 英语知识应用试题解析

一、文章总体分析

本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。文章第一段从早期的通信革命入手，指出在15、16世纪和20世纪之间发生了很多事情，特别是通信革命加快了步伐。第二段接着提到20世纪计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程。第三段指出随着计算机的发展，我们步入了一个信息社会。在计算机影响下，通信革命改变了我们的工作和休闲方式，也影响了我们的思考和感知方式。在结尾部分，文章提到，当然，关于这种通信革命在经济、政治、社会和文化各方面的影响是利大于弊还是弊大于利，还存在争议。

二、试题具体解析

1.[A] between在„当中，在空间、位置或时间的中间

[B] before在此之前早些时候，在„前面 [C] since自从„以后，以前 [D] later 后来，稍后，随后 [答案] A [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：时间副词的用法辨析。

解此题关键看两个方面，一是理解文章第一句话的含义：人们曾对20世纪电视的发展以及15世纪和16世纪印刷术的传播进行了比较。二是注意转折连词yet的用法，yet一般标志着接下来的内容与前面的内容出现了较大的不同，如：She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.（她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了）。文中第二句话结构非常简单，主语和谓语都无法体现与第一句话的强烈对照，这时只能通过空格里填入的时间状语来体现了，因此这个时间副词应与第一句话中的时间状语in the 20th century和 in the 15th and 16th centuries相呼应并对照。接下来关键看这个时间副词表示的是哪个时间段，15、16世纪之前，20世纪之后还是两者之间。其实我们从下文中的the 19th century也可以推断出正确答案是between，即“然而，在这两个时段之间却发生了很多事情”。

2.[A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

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[答案] D

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：固定句型。

空格所在的句子是一个强调句型：it was + 时间状语 + that。四个选项中能与not搭配的只有until，not until表示“直到„„才„„”，整个句意是“直到十九世纪，报纸才成为电子时代到来前主要的„„”。如：It was not until the afternoon that he begun to tackle the problem.（直到下午他才开始解决问题）。

知识点补充：在这种强调状语的结构中，表示状语的成分可以是单词、词组或句子。强调句子时可以是主语从句、宾语从句或状语从句。如：It was at an evening party that I first met her.（强调地点状语）；It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.（强调原因状语从句，引导词只能用because，不能用since，as或why）；It is what you will do that is essential.（强调主语从句）。

3.[A] means方式，方法，手段 [B] method方法

[C] medium（表达或传播的）媒介 [D] measure措施，步骤，方法

[答案] C [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析。

本题相关部分是the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book，其中in the wake of 意为“紧跟„之后，接踵而来”，如：Outbreaks of disease occurred in the wake of the drought.（那场旱灾过后，疾病肆虐）。因此整个句子的含义是“报纸继宣传册和书之后成为电子时代到来前主要的__ 3_ _”从句意来看，空格处填入的名词应概括newspaper、pamphlet和book的共同特点，根据常识，报纸、宣传册和图书都只能是传播信息的媒介（medium），而不是方法或措施。Medium可特指“大众传播手段，包括报纸、杂志、广播或电视等”，如：Commercial television is a medium for advertising.（商业电视是一种广告媒介）。

词汇补充：注意means和medium都可以表示借以成就某事或达到某目的人或物。means(单复数同形)可以指人或物，其含义为“手段”或“工具”。这个词不仅用于具体的东西，也可以用于抽象的意念。如：Thoughts of one inpidual could be communicated to another by means of speech（一个人的思想能够借助于语言传递给另一个人）；medium 的含义是“媒介，手段”，通过它能完成、传输或转移某种事物的东西：如：Air is a medium of sound.（空气是声音传播的媒体）。

method 所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理”，如：To do this, scientists have to devise methods using radar and underwater television.（为此，科学家还要设计出使用雷达和水下电视的方法）；measures表示“手段，策略，为达到目的采取的行动，权宜之计”，如：They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.（他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施）。

4.[A](in the)process(of)在„„过程中

[B](in the)company(of)在„„陪伴下，与„„同时出现 [C](in the)light(of)按照，根据 [D](in the)form(of)以„„的形式 [答案] B

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义 + 介词短语辨析。

文章相关部分是newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical，从结构上来看，现在分词结构following in the wake of 和介词短语in the 4 of 是并列成分，都做主句的伴随状语，newspaper，pamphlet and book，periodical也是三个平

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行的部分，它们之间的关系是通过in the wake of和in the 4 of两个部分来体现的。分词结构following in the wake of„意为“随着宣传册和书的出现以后”，体现了时间上的先后。因此空格处的动词构成的短语应既需要与分词结构表并列含义，又需要体现newspaper和periodical之间的时间关系。四个选项从意义上来看，只有B符合。

5.[A] gathered(up)收集，蜷缩，概括

[B] speeded(up)加速

[C] worked(up)逐步建立，逐步发展，逐步引起，整理 [D] picked(up)拾起，染上，学到，整理，收听到，好转 [答案] B [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：动词短语辨析。

本题要求考生判断哪个动词可以与up搭配，构成短语动词，且符合文意。该动作的发出者是前面的主语communication revolution。根据语义，恰当选项是speeded up，表示“通信革命加速发展”。文中所在句子用了强调结构It was during the same time that，强调时间状语19世纪，表明在这一时期不但报纸成为主要媒介，而且通信革命也取得了重大的成果：运输业、铁路、电报、电话、无线电、电影都在发展。

知识点补充：与up搭配组成的短语动词还包括：beat up（毒打），choke up（说不出话），dress up（盛装），end up（结束），hold up（阻止，妨碍），mix up（混淆），play up（强调），sign up（签约），take up（从事），wash up（洗餐具）等。

例句补充：The child gathered up his toys and put them away.（孩子把他的玩具收拾起来放好）；I worked up this business from nothing.（我在一无所有的情况下把这个事业逐步发展起来的，或，我白手起家）；Trade has been slack for the past six months, but it is now picking up.（过去六个月里商业一直很萧条，但现在情况正在好转）。

6.[A](lead)on引导，率领„„继续前进 [B](lead)out开始，领舞伴起舞

[C] over不与lead搭配

[D](lead)off（begin）开始 [答案] A [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：短语动词搭配 + 副词词义辨析。事实上本题和下一个题目可以一起解答。因为第六空和第七空是所在句子整体中不可分割的两个部分。考生首先需判断选项中哪个副词可以与lead和through搭配。首先排除over，它不能与lead搭配。从结构上看，空格所在部分中的beginning with„和leading„都是现在分词状语成分，说明通信革命是怎样加速发展的：开始于运输和铁路，接着通过电报、电话、收音机和电影的发展，直到二十世纪的汽车和飞机。四个选项只有副词on可以表示“继续，向前”的含义，用在句子中强调“电报、电话、收音机和电影行业推动通信革命的继续发展”。

7.[A] of „的，属于„的；有关„的

[B] for 为了；代表；以„为目的地；因为

[C] beyond 超出（理解、范围、眼界）之上 [D] into进入„之内；成为„状态 [答案] D

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：介词用法辨析。

根据上一题的分析，句子空格处需要一个介词和前面的begin with，lead on through一起来表达通信革命发展的全过程。选项中只有into符合，而且它和前面的leading相呼应，表达“进入20世纪的汽车和飞机时代”。

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8． [A] concept 观念，概念

[B] dimension 长度，宽度，高度，尺寸，大小 [C]（in）effect实际上，事实上，简直是

[D]（in）perspective正确地、如实的（观察事物）[答案] D

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：句内语义 + 介词短语搭配。

本题要求考生判断哪个名词和介词in搭配构成副词短语。空格所在句子是Not everyone sees that process in 8（并不是每个人都„地看待这个过程）。首先排除concept和dimension，它们一般不和in搭配，即使搭配了，所表达的含义“在观念上看待这个过程”和“在尺度上看待这个过程”也不符合文意。in effect为固定搭配，如：They have no formal contract, but he is, in effect, her manager.（他们之间没有正式合同，但他实际上是她的经理），但它在文中能表达的含义“实际上看待这个过程”也不符合逻辑；只有in perspective放入句中，表示“并不是每一个人都能正确地看待这一问题”。

知识点补充：in perspective和in one’s right perspective都是固定搭配，都表示“正确、如实地（观察事物）”，如：see problems in their right perspective（如实地看待问题）。

另外，该句中，代词everyone与not搭配使用，表部分否定，意思是“不是每个人”。类似的代词或副词还有all，both，every，everyday，everybody，many，everything，entirely，absolutely，always，completely，often，wholly等，它们和not一起表达出“并非都是，不是每个都是”的含义。如：Both of them are not my brothers.（他们两个不全是我的兄弟）。I do not remember all those formulas.（这些公式我并非全都记得）。

9.[A] indeed实际上，确实（表强调）[B] hence因此，所以，（表因果关系）

[C] however然而，（表转折关系）[D] therefore因此，（表因果关系）[答案] C [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。

从结构上看，空格所在句子是一个it做形式主语的完整的主语从句It is generally recognized that the introduction of the computer radically changed the process。空格由两个逗号隔开，在主语从句中是插入语。从四个选项看，这里需填入一个逻辑连接词，表明这个句子和其前文之间的逻辑关系。

从语义上看，第一段主要论述在15、16世纪和20世纪之间发生了很多事情，如：报纸等媒介的出现和通信革命的发展。第二段一、二句综合指出正确看待这个过程很重要。从空格所在这一句开始，文章提出“计算机的出现极大地改变了这个进程”，可以判断这里的逻辑关系为转折。选项中只有however表转折。

知识点补充：像however这类逻辑连接副词在句中的位置可以是句首、句中或句尾，而当在用于句中时，与句子其他部分既可用逗号也可用分号隔开，如：①However, not everybody agreed.②The visitor came to the door;however, it was too late for him to get in.③The composition is all right;there is room for improvement, however.10.[A] brought带来

[B] followed跟随

[C] stimulated刺激, 激励

[D] characterized表现„„的特色，刻画的„„性格 [答案] B

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：过去分词辨析。

空格所在部分 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s

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是插入成分，插在了that引导的主语从句的主语the introduction of the computer和谓语radically changed之间，修饰从句的主语。从选项可看出空格处将填入过去分词，考生关键要判断主语“计算机在20世纪早期问世”和插入成分“集成电路在20世纪60年代发明”之间是什么联系，显然这两件事是时间先后关系。从词义上来看，只有follow表示时间先后关系，符合题意。本题最具干扰的选项是brought，但考生注意20世纪初期出现的电脑不可能由比它还晚（20世纪60年代）出现的集成电路所带来。

11.[A] unless除非，（引导条件状语从句）[B] since自„„以来，既然，（引导时间、原因状语从句）

[C] lest惟恐，以免，（引导条件状语从句）[D] although虽然，尽管，（引导让步状语从句）

[答案] D [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。

在做本题之前，先做第12题比较好。空格前文提到，计算机的出现大大改变了这种进程，接着空格下文又说它对媒体的影响没有立即见效。显然，这里的逻辑关系为让步。四个选项中，只有although符合要求，意为“极大地改变了这一进程。虽然对媒体的影响并没有立即见效。”

12.[A] apparent明显的

[B] desirable值得要的，合意的，令人想要的，悦人心意的 [C] negative否定的，消极的，负的，阴性的 [D] plausible似是而非的 [答案] A [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义 + 形容词词义辨析。

空格所在句子是its impact on the media was not immediately 12，其中its指代的是the computer’s。首先排除plausible，因为我们不能说“影响不是立即似是而非的”。其次，根据上下文的逻辑，考生可推出虽然计算机的影响很大，但这个影响不是一蹴而就的，它刚出现时应该没有像现在这样得到这么广泛的使用，因此它对媒体的影响不是立刻就很明显的（apparent）。desirable更强调主观上的愿望，如：a home computer with many desirable features.（有许多理想性能的家庭计算机）。但计算机的影响不是我们主观上能决定的。

13.[A] institutional惯例的；公共机构的，社会事业性质的

[B] universal全体的，普通的，大众化的 [C] fundamental基础的，根本的，必要的

[D] instrumental起作用的，有助于，一般做表语 [答案] A [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：句内语义 + 形容词词义辨析。

从结构上来看，空格所在句子中的代词they指代前面的computers，逗号后的and连接了两个并列句子，即上句的smaller and more powerful与下文的personal as well as 13 相对应。上句的smaller和powerful在含义上有转折，意为“虽然越来越小却越来越强”，因此空格所填入的词也应与personal相对照。如果从字面上理解personal，它的含义是“私人的、个人的”，universal可以是它的反义词，但universal多做定语，强调“普遍性”，如；universal interest（普遍感兴趣），而且它在文中表达的含义“不仅被普遍使用，也被个人使用”也不符合逻辑；只有institutional与personal 相对应，指出“电脑不再仅仅是团体而且也成了个人使用的工具”，符合文意。

例句补充：Technical innovation is instrumental in improving the qualities of

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products.（技术革新有助于提高产品的质量）

14.[A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty [答案] C [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析。

从结构上看，空格所在句子是with引导的分词独立结构：with display（逻辑主语）becoming sharper（现在分词结构）and storage 14（逻辑主语）increasing（现在分词），来修饰前面的主句做状语。从语义上看，“计算机也成了个人工具，是随着其显示效果（display）越来越清晰（sharper）和存储„的提高”，因此空格和storage搭配后应指“（计算机的）存储能力”。考生关键要判断哪个名词能与storage搭配。四个选项都可以表示“能力”，但只有capacity可以指承受力或容纳力，和storage是固定搭配，表“存储能力”。例如：The hall has a seating capacity of 200 people（大厅可容纳200人）。

知识点补充：ability指去做某件事情的能力（精神的或生理的），如children’s ability to learn（孩子们的学习能力）；capability强调生长、发展或成功的一种潜能。如：The little girl has great capability as a singer and should be trained.（这个小女孩很有当歌手的才能，应该加以训练）；faculty指内在的、天生的力量或能力，如：the faculty to learn languages（学语言的能力）。

15.[A] by means of用„，依靠„，通过„

[B] in terms of按照，在„方面，从„角度 [C] with regard to关于

[D] in line with符合，和„一致 [答案] B [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：介词短语辨析。

空格所在句子是They were thought of, like people, 15 generations，其中主语they指的仍然是computers，插入语意为“像人一样”，谓语是被动语态形式were thought of，指“被考虑，被想”，可见，空格和generations（一代人，世代，衍生代）一起做状语，修饰谓语，说明电脑是怎样被看待考虑的。因此考生重点要区分A、B选项，A 选项by means of强调“用某种方式或手段”，而B选项in terms of可以强调用某个字眼、措辞及它所传达的概念，如：Give the answer in terms of a percentage.（用百分比来回答）。根据文意，“计算机与人一样，都可以按照代（generations）来划分”，这里使用generation更多地是借用这个词和它的概念，因此正确选项为B。

例句补充：Thoughts are expressed by means of words.（思想用词汇来表达）；The work is not very profitable in terms of cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.（这个工作从钱的角度来说不是非常有利可图，但我从中获得了宝贵经验）；He would make no concession in regard to his own rights.（他在关于自己权利的方面不会作出让步）；That isn’t in line with my ideas at all.（那和我的想法根本不一致）。

16.[A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller [答案] D [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：习惯搭配。

本题要求考生判断哪个形容词的比较级可以修饰the distance。选项中只有smaller可以，表示“距离减小”。注意，英文中不能用near形容distance来表达“距离近”，而只用small或big这类的词来形容距离的远近。许多考生选择了A或C，是因为受到了中文思维的影响，觉得距离可以是深浅和远近。

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17.[A] context（事情发生的）环境，背景 [B] range山脉；（种类变化的）范围，幅度； 射程

[C] scope（处理，研究事物的）范围；（做某事物的）机会, 余地 [D] territory领土, 版图 [答案] A [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析。

空格所在句子是一个强调句型It was within the computer age that„，其大意是：正是在这个计算机时代，“信息社会”开始被广泛用来描述我们现在所生活的„„。information society描述的当然是society，因此考生关键要判断哪个选项和society属于同一语义范畴，显然我们不能说society是“范围（range/scope）”或“领土（territory）”，而只能说是一种“环境或背景（context）”。

18.[A] regarded看待，把„作为，尊敬，涉及 [B] impressed留下印象，盖印

[C] influenced 影响 [D] effected产生，招致，实现 [答案] C [解析] 本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析。

空格所在句子是The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time，因此考生需判断哪个动词可以描述句子主语“通信革命”对宾语“我们的工作和休闲方式以及对时间和空间的思考和感知方式”所做的动作。显然influenced是正确选项，句意为“通信革命影响了我们的众多方式”，其他三个选项和work和leisure搭配后从语义上都讲不通。

例句补充：I have always regarded him highly.（我总把他看得很高）；I wrote down whatever impressed me during the journey.（我记下旅行过程中使我感动的所有事物）；The new manager effected several changes in the company.（新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革）。

19.[A] competitive竞争的 [B] controversial有争议的

[C] distracting注意力不集中的 [D] irrational无理