第一篇：牛津高中英语模块3课文对照 翻译 百度上传

Unit 1 Fog Fog warning When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist.At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.At four o'clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog.She wondered if the buses would still be running.No buses to King Street Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.‘How far are you going?’ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare.‘King Street.’ said Polly.‘Sorry，Miss’ replied the man, ‘the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.Take the Underground to Green Park.The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi.’

A tall man As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.At last the train arrived at Green Park station.While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.The tall man was nowhere to be soon.Footsteps When Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty.Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud.There was no one in sight.Polly set off towards Park Street.As she heard a man’s voice in her ear saying ‘Sorry.’ The man moved away.She could feel her heart beating with fear.The helpful stranger Then she heard the sound again-soft footsteps behind her.A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along.Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still.The footsteps seemed close now.Then a man’s voice came out of the darkness.‘Is anybody there?’ Polly hesitated.At last she answered, ‘Hello, I think I’m lost.’

A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm.Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.‘Maybe I can help you.Which road do you want?’ he asked.‘I live at 86 King Street.’ Polly replied.‘Just take my hand.’ said the man.‘Come with me.You’ll be all right.’ He took Polly’s hand.‘Watch out for the step here.’

In his other hand the man carried a stick.Polly heard it hit the step.‘I can remember some terrible fogs, but maybe that was before your time.I can’t see your face, but you sound young.How old are you?’

‘Just twenty.’ answered Polly.‘Ah, twenty!A nice age to be.I was young once.Now we’re at the crossroads.Turn left here.’ ‘I’m quite lost now.Are you sure you know the way?’ Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.’

‘Of course.You really shouldn’t feel anxious,’ He held her hand more firmly.The grateful helper ‘Here we are.King Street.’ He stopped.‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid.’ said Polly in relief.‘Would you like to come in and rest for a while?’

‘It’s very nice of you.’ said the man, ‘but I’ll be off.There may be more people lost today, and I’d like to help them.You see, a fog this bad is rare.It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny.A blind person like me can’t get across the road without help, except in a fog like this.’

P18 Project Shark attacks There are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have attacked human beings.Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, probably because they have seen the film Jaws.However, two other sharks are also rather dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull shark.Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.There are three types of shark attacks.In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish, but when it tastes human flesh it decides to give up and swims away.In the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten, and then bites you if it thinks you are.In the third type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly.The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions.Do not swim in the dark.Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound.Sharks can smell blood over a long distance.Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash of, colours and bright objects.Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more popular.If a shark attacks you, follow the advice below.Keep calm.Do not panic.Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.Stick your finger in the shark's eye.Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 3o times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.The wonderful world of pigeons It is night.All is quiet.The soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for the enemy.There is a flash, and the sound of guns!They are being attacked!Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them.They are all going to be killed unless they get help.What should they do? An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper: 'Being attacked!Hurry!' He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird.Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose.It immediately flies into the air and disappears in the dark.Will the bird arrive in time? Will they be saved? Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks--the pigeon.Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction and can find their way home over long distances.Indeed, pigeons have been known to fly home from as far away as 1,800 kilometres.That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or even the mail.However, it was in war that they found their greatest use.During both World War I and II, pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass inside them that tells them which way is north.How this compass works remains a mystery.Of course, since a compass alone is not enough to find one's way, they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of smell to tell them which way they should go.Unlike humans, they never get lost and can always find their way home.Unit 2

English and its history

All through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain.The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.Old English

Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays.In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.Before the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic.Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain.Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.(Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles;the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.)Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English.At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain.They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English.By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use.This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings.For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.Middle English Middle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries.Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English.The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as mush as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic.Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language.On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French.This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer(from Old English)and reply(from Old French).It is interesting to learn how the words for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English.However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon.Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well.In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used.For example, they said housen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes.After the Normans took control, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an-s to house and shoe.Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English.However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use among all classes in England.In 1399, Henry Ⅳ became King of England.His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.Modern English

Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century.Because of this Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words.Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period.Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language.The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.Project

The development Chinese characters The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters.In many cases, a single character can also make up a word.The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.Chinese writing began thousands of years ago.According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing.One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the tracks of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different.Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects.The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects.Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time.However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together.This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.For example, 'rest' was made up of the characters for a man and a tree.The character 'prisoner' was formed with a 'man' inside a square.Other characters were developed for directions and numbers.It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for 'up' and 'down', which are opposites of each other.Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced.Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.Many Chinese characters used today were made this way.In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in China's mainland.The story of Braille Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books.The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille(1809-1852).Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury.When he was ten, he went to a school for the blind in Paris.In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds.The whole system was not convenient for use.Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it.In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle.His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers.Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted of twelve dots.The soldiers would drag their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it.At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter.'Braille', the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers.They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter.Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its people to use.Unit 3

Lost civilizations Day 1,15 July I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China’s Pompeii in the desert.Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.Day 2,16 July

This morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii.The city was founded in the 8th century BC.In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii.It then became a rich and busy city.Near the city was a volcano.On 24th August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.It continued to erupt for the next two days.Many people were buried alive, and so was the city.How unfortunate!

Day 3,17 July

Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.How amazing!The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage.Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.I also saw the people who had been buried alive.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to feel the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces to produce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in the disaster.You can see them today in Pompeii , in the same place where the people feel.The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now.It’s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!

Day10,24 July

Finally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling.This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago.It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the west.It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD400.I am so excited to be here!

Day11,25 July

An scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.Seven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, materials such as silk, documents and wall paintings.When we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers.We found the ruins most interesting.There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city from being buried by sand—what a pity!

Project Ancient Greek statue found in Xinjiang Researchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang, China, recently.The metal statue is of a Greek soldier.When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.Alexander the Great(356-323 BC)was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek cities in battle.At the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died.However, many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army to take them back.Though his army had only 3,000 troops, he won every battle and many enemy soldiers joined him.In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt, defeating every army that stood in his path.Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went.It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.However, his own army grew tired of endless battles and refused to go any further, so he had to turn back.By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him.Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with a fever and died.Since he had no son, his generals pided his vast kingdom among themselves.Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia, influencing the world for centuries to come.The statue of the Greek soldier found in northern Xinjiang probably came to China in the 4th century BC as a result of trade.Like many other ancient objects that show a Greek influence, it can now be seen in a museum in Urumqi.The father of Western philosophy The word 'philosophy' means 'love of wisdom'.Philosophy can be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us, or of answering the great questions of life, such as 'Why are we here?' and 'What is truth?' The father of Western philosophy was Socrates(469-399 BC).Socrates was from Athens, in Greece.When he was young, he was a brave soldier.Later, he became a teacher, but he taught for free and earned his salary from being a common worker.Aside from this, we know very little about him.Since he never wrote a book, we also know very little about his philosophy.Yet, Socrates has had a deep influence on Western thought and science.To understand how this can be true, we must understand how Socrates taught.Socrates taught by asking questions.Through this, he challenged his students to develop and explain their own arguments.In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors.Many students got embarrassed and even angry when this happened, while others changed their opinions.Socrates' way of approaching the truth is now called the Socratic Method.The idea of asking questions until you reach the right answer is the basis of modern philosophy and science.Unfortunately for him, Socrates questioned too much.He always asked challenging questions to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens.Finally, some people had had enough of him, so they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the young people of Athens.At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions.This just made a bad situation worse.Finally he was put to death by being forced to drink poison.Through his death, Socrates became the hero of all people who search for the truth.Appendix I: Translation

Unit 1 Reading 雾

比尔·洛

浓雾警报

那天早晨波莉离家时，整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。午餐时分，收音机预报说，薄雾将会在下午变成浓雾。下午四点，波莉下了班，步入了浓雾中。她不知道公交车是否还会照常运行。

没有到国王大街的巴士

一走到街上，她就快步向平常乘车的公交车站走去。

“您要坐多远？”巴士售票员收下她的车费前问道。

“国王大街。”波莉答道。

“对不起，小姐，”售票员回答说，“现实情况是雾太浓了，公交车跑不了那么远。乘地铁到格林公园吧。那里的天气可能好一点，您也许能叫到一辆出租车。”

高个子男人

当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感到她正被一个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人注视着。地铁终于到达了格林公园站。当其他乘客走出车厢时，她扫视了一下她周围的一张张面孔。那个高个子男人不见了。

脚步声

当波莉到达车站入口处时，那里空无一人。外面，她目光所及之处，雾像浓密的灰云一样聚积着。什么人也看不见。波莉朝着公园大街走去。当她沿着狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了由远及近的脚步声，但当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声却消失了，突然，波莉感到有一只粗糙的手拂过她的脸颊'并且她还听到了一个男人在她耳边说“对不起”的声音。那个男人走开了。她能感到她的心脏因害怕而怦怦地直跳。

热心的陌生人

然后，她又听到了那种声音——在她身后响起的轻柔的脚步声。一分钟前，她曾希望有人跟着来。现在她则想跑开，可恐惧让她挪不动脚步。脚步声这会儿似乎很近了。接着，一个男人的声音从黑暗中传来：“有人吗？”

波莉犹豫了。最终她还是回答道：“你好，我想我是迷路了。”

几秒钟后，一只手伸过来抓住了她的胳膊。波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。

“也许我能帮你。你想去哪条路？”他问道。“我住在国王大街86号，”波莉答道。“只要拉着我的手就成，”老人说，“跟着我走，不会有事的。”他拉住波莉的手。“小心这里的台阶。” 老人的另一只手里攥着一根手杖。波莉能听见它敲击台阶的声音。“我还记得几次糟糕的大雾，不过那可能都是在你出生之前的事了。我看不见你的脸，但你听起来挺年轻。你多大了？”

“刚20岁，”波莉答道。

“啊，20岁，多好的年纪啊。我也年轻过。现在我们到了十字路口了。这里向左转。”

“我是彻底迷路了。您肯定你认识路吗？”波莉又开始感到害怕了。

“当然肯定，你真的不用担心。”老人将她的手握得更紧了。

感恩的帮助者

“我们到了。国王大街。”老人停住了脚步。“非常感谢您帮忙，”波莉如释重负地说道，“您愿意进屋休息会儿么？” “你真客气，”老人说道，“不过我还是得走了，可能今天还会有更多人迷路，我想帮帮他们。你瞧，像今天这么大的雾是很少见的。这给了我一个机会，来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。像我这样的盲人没人帮助是根本过不了马路的，除非是在这样的浓雾里。”

Project

鲨鱼攻击

有将近400种不同种类的鲨鱼，但我们知道只有约30种鲨鱼攻击过人类。许多人知道最危险的鲨鱼是大白鲨，也许是因为他们看过电影《大白鲨》吧。然而，另外两种鲨鱼也相当危险：

虎鲨和牛鲨。和许多人可能会认为的正好相反，证据显示鲨鱼极少攻击人类。

鲨鱼攻击人类的情形有三种。在主要的情形中，鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一条鱼，但当它尝出人肉的味道时，就会决定放弃并游开。在第二种情形中，鲨鱼会用鼻子推搡你，以弄清你是否适合被食用，如果它觉得适合，便会咬你。而在第三种情形中，鲨鱼会等待你游过，然后突然攻击你。后两种攻击类型对人类来说往往是致命的。

遵循这些建议，以降低被鲨鱼攻击的风险：

不要在黑暗中游泳。在黑暗中，鲨鱼仍能看得见你，而你却看不见它们。

如果你有刚受伤的伤口，不要在海洋中游泳。鲨鱼在很远处便能嗅到血腥味。

不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。

集体行动，因为鲨鱼通常会避开人群。

最近，随着水上运动更加普及，鲨鱼攻击事件也在持续增多。如果鲨鱼攻击你，遵循以下建议：

保持冷静。不要慌张。

用你的拳头击打鲨鱼的鼻子。

用你的手指戳鲨鱼的眼睛。

不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大三十倍。

鸽子的奇妙世界

万籁俱寂的夜晚。除了一名哨兵在站岗放哨，所有士兵都在梦乡。突然一道闪光，枪声四起！他们遭到攻击了！数百名敌军士兵冲向了他们。除非获得救援，否则他们全都会被杀死。他们该怎么办？

一名军官飞快地在一张小纸片上写道：“受袭！速援！”

他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。他将信系在它的腿上后，便松开鸟儿。它立刻飞向天空，消失在黑暗中。

这只鸟会及时到达吗？他们会得救吗？

虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是同样的——鸽子。鸽子有着极强的方向感，能从很远的地方找到回家的路。确实，据知鸽子能飞行远达1800公里回到家。因为这个缘故，鸽子自古以来就被用于携带消息甚至邮件。然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中发现的。在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递消息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。

鸽子是怎么认路的呢？鸽子体内似乎有一只罗盘，告诉它们何处是北。这个罗盘是如何，工作的仍然是个谜。当然，由于仅靠一只罗盘不足以认路，它们似乎也使用视觉乃至嗅觉去辨明应该走哪条路。和人类不同，它们从不迷路，总是能找到归家的路。

Unit 2

Reading

英语及其历史

有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许爹不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语就是由这些人带来的语法和词汇构成的。那就是为何英语有这么多使人困惑的不解规则。

古英语

古英语和现今我们说的英语完全不同。事实上，如果现在听到古英语，我们会听不懂。公元5世纪中叶前，生活在不列颠的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。古英语是他们的语言混合而成的。（英语及英国人都是从盎格鲁这个词而来的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。）除了像伦敦这样的地名外，极少数的凯尔特单词成了古英语的一部分。在9世纪末，来自北欧诸国（如丹麦和挪威）的维京人开始向不列颠移居。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也与古英语交汇在了一起。到了十世纪，古英语已是英格兰的官方语言。

现在当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语而感到困惑。这是因为英语有着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，这些单词和短语有着相似的意思。比如，sick-词就是来自由盎格鲁和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而ill则来自曾经被挪威人用过的一个词。

中古英语

中古英语是给大约12世纪到15世纪期间使用过的英语起的名字。在这一新型英语的发展中，许多东西起了作用。最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语产生的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。但另一方面，英语也确实借用了许多法语单词，因此产生了更多意思相近的单词，比如answer（来自于古英语）和reply（来自于古法语）。了解有关动物和肉的词汇是怎么演变而来的，是件挺有趣的事。诺曼人征服英格兰之后，许多英国人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。因此，我们现在所用的大多数表示专为肉食而饲养的动物的单词，比如cow（母牛）、sheep（羊）和pig（猪），来自于古英语。然而，由于这些动物的肉是供应给话曼人的，所以指代这些动物的肉的词来自于古法语，如beef（牛肉）、mutton（羊肉）、pork（猪肉）和bacon（熏猪肉，成猪肉）。

古法语也为中古英语做出了其他贡献。在古英语中，单词变复数采用了日耳曼语中单词变复数的方法。比如说，他们说housen而不是houses，说shosen而不是shoes。当诺曼人控制英格兰之后，他们开始使用法语的复数构成形式，在house和shoe后面加s。只有很少的单词保留了日耳曼语的复数形式，如man/men和child/children。

诺曼征服之后，上层社会的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。但是到了14世纪后半叶时，英语已被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用。1399年，亨利四世成了英格兰国王。他的母语是英语，他在所有正式场合都使用英语。

现代英语

现代英语是在16世纪的文艺复兴时期出现的。由于这个原因，现代英语中含有许多拉丁语及希腊语单词。在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大的变化。当然．这并不是英语语言变化的终结。英语在未来是否会继续变化，这一问题是很容易问答的。可以肯定的是，这一变化过程将会继续，人们将会不断地发明新的单词和新的表达方式。

Project

汉字的发展

汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。中文的词语是通过把不同的汉字放在一起而组成的。在许多情况下，一个单字也能构成一个词。通过研究这些汉字是如何发展的就可以考察汉语的历史了。

汉字起源于数千年前。根据古代传说，一位名叫仓颉的人发明了汉字。他在某个冬日打猎时，看到各种动物留在雪中的足迹，他发现足迹的形状各不相同。于是他想到可以用不同的形状来代表不同物体。最初的汉字只是表现有形物体的图画。随着时间的推移，一些汉字被简化了，而另一些则变得更加复杂。不过总的来说，汉字从图画发展成了标准形式。表示“山”的汉字最初是三座山峰并列，继而变成了一座山峰和三条线，随着时间的推移，最终演变成了现在使用的字形。

并非所有的汉字都从物体的图画演变而来。有时候为了表达概念，某些汉字由两个或多个汉字组合而成。比如，“休”是由表示“人”和“树”的汉字组合而成的，“因”字则是由人字位于框中构成的。另一些汉字则用于表示方向和数字。只要看它们的字形，就可以很容易区别它们的意思，比如汉字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反。

虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们的缺点之一是其字形不具有表音的功能。因此便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。今天使用的许多汉字便是用这种方式创造出来的。

20世纪50年代，中国政府推广简化汉字，现在它们已在中国大陆全面普及。

布莱叶盲文的故事

通常，当我们谈到阅读时，我们会想到用眼睛去看纸上墨水写成的字母。然而，情况并不一定总是这样。比如，盲人无法看到东西，但他们仍能阅读书籍。

将盲人领入阅读世界的人是路易斯·布莱叶(1809-1852)。布莱叶在三岁时因为受伤而失明。十岁时，他进入巴黎一所盲人学校就读。那时候，供盲人阅读的书籍是用纸压在金属丝上来形成字母。因为金属丝很重，所以每本书都会重达100磅，整个系统使用起来非常不方便。事实上，学校图书馆也只有14本这样的书。

1821年，一位士兵参观学校时向学生们展示了一种战时夜间传递信息的方法。他的方法是使用带小凸点的纸张，这些小凸点可以用手指感觉出来。字母表里的每一个字母都由12个点组成的不同形状来表示。因此士兵们可以用手指触摸凸点来阅读信息。

虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。然而年轻的布莱叶采纳了这个想法并着手完善它。15岁时，他创造出了可以由6个凸点表示字母的体系。“布莱叶盲人点字法”，这一当今被全世界盲人广泛使用的阅读体系就此诞生了。

盲人可以轻松的用手指辨别布莱叶盲文。他们也可以使用特殊的打字机，方便地用布莱叶盲文书写。今天，布莱叶盲文是世界上最为普及的盲人阅读及书写体系，几乎每种语言，包括汉语，都有着自己的布莱叶盲文版本供盲人使用。

Unit 3 失落的文明

Unit 3

Reading

失落的文明

第一天，7月1 5日

能获得这次旅行的机会我感到非常幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝”的古城。庞贝和楼兰一样，都是很久以前失落了的文明。

第二天，7月16日

今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市建于公元前8世纪，公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了座繁华的城市。离城市不远处有一座火山。公元79年的8月24日，这座火山喷发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到四周的乡村。火山喷发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。真是太不幸了！

第三天，7月1 7日

今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多么奇妙啊!这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到1 8世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1 860年，政府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究。

当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了!我还看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看到了被活埋的人。原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在原来他们倒下的同样地点。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难想象如此平静的火山如何摧毁了整座城市!

第十天，7月24日

经过好几天的旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰。这座商业城市在大约两千年前也曾繁华过。它是连接东西方著名的丝绸之路上的停靠站。据信，从公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。能在这里我好兴奋!

第十一天，7月25日

来自于当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，在1900年前后，来自欧洲的探险家斯文·赫定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。斯文发现了埋藏于沙下的建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。当我们到这座城市时，我们看到了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔。我们发现楼兰废墟非常有趣。有一条古老的供水系统贯穿市中心。这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬——多遗憾啊!Project

新疆发现古希腊塑像 最近，研究人员宣布，在中国新疆北部地区发现了一尊小型塑像。这尊金属塑像是一名希腊士兵的造型。当被问及来自遥远希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。

亚历山大大帝(公元前3 5 6一公元前323年)是一位在战斗中击溃了许多希腊城邦的希腊国王之子。20岁那年，父亲死后，亚历山大自己成了国王。然而，许多城邦趁势作乱，反对亚历山大，于是他便率领一支军队夺回这些城邦。尽管他的军队仅有三千人，但是他赢得了所有战役，许多敌方士兵投靠了他。

公元前334年，他率领当时已达四万两千人的军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡。然后，他又将目光转向东方，长驱直入印度，所到之处，攻无不克，战无不胜。似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。然而，他自己的军队对无休止的战斗感到厌倦，拒绝再往前走，所以他不得不班师回朝。亚历山大30岁时便已占领了辽阔的疆域，前无古人，前面似乎还有更大的辉煌在等着他。可是，公元前323年，他发烧病倒，不治身亡。由于他没有儿子，他的将军们便瓜分了他庞大的王国。

亚历山大大帝将希腊文化从欧洲传播到非洲和亚洲，在此后的数个世纪中影响了整个世界。在新疆北部发现的希腊士兵塑像也许是在公元前4世纪因贸易而来到中国的。像许多显示希腊影响力的其他古代文物一样，它现在乌鲁木齐的一家博物馆展出。

西方哲学之父

“哲学”一词意为“热爱智慧”。哲学可被认为是观察我们周围世界的一种方式，或是解答人生重大问题的一种方式，如：“我们为什么会在这里?”以及“什么是真理?”

西方哲学之父是苏格拉底(公元前4 69—公元前3 99年)。苏格拉底是希腊雅典人。在年轻时，他是一名勇敢的士兵。后来，他成了一名教师，但他教书却不收费，靠当一名普通劳动者挣钱。除此以外，我们对他了解很少。由于他从不写书，因此我们对他的哲学也知之甚少。然而，苏格拉底对西方的思想和科学却有着深刻的影响。

为了理解这何以成真，我们必须搞清苏格拉底是怎样教学的。苏格拉底通过提问进行教学。通过这种方式，他盘问学生，要他们完善并阐释自己的论点。很多时候，他的问题让学生们意识到自己的错误。当这种情况发生时，许多学生感到尴尬和气愤，而另外一些学生则会改变他们的观点。苏格拉底探求真理的方式现在被称作苏格拉底问答法。提出一个个问题直至你得出正确答案的这一思路是现代哲学和科学的基础。

很不幸的是，苏格拉底问得太多了。每遇到一个人，他都要提出一些难以回答的问题，惹恼了雅典的许多人。最后，一些人对他忍无可忍，于是便把他送上了法庭，罪名是质疑希腊众神的存在和腐蚀雅典的年轻人。在审判中，他却向法官提出更多问题，以此为自己辩护。这更是雪上加霜。最后，他被迫喝下毒药而被处死。由于他的死，苏格拉底成了所有探求真理的人心目中的英雄。

第二篇：牛津高中英语模块1课文对照 翻译 百度上传

牛津高中英语课文翻译

牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译

M1 U1 Reading School life in the UK 在英国的学校生活

Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。

I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m.and ends about 3.30 p.m.我很喜欢英国中学的作息时间，因为学校每天上午大约9点上课，下午大约3点半放学。This means I could get up an hour later than usual, as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.这意味着我每天可以比以往晚一个小时起床，因为在中国学校每天上午8点之前就开始上课了。

On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall.开学第一天，所有的新生都去学校礼堂参加晨会。

I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.We soon became best friends.我当时坐在一个名叫黛安娜的女孩身边。我们很快就成了最好的朋友。During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school.在晨会上，校长向我们宣布了校规。

He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.This sounded like my school in China.他还告诉我们，赢得尊重的最佳途径就是专心学习并取得好成绩。这听起来倒是像我在国内就读的学校。

I had many teachers in the past year.Mr Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful.过去的一年里我有过许多老师。海伍德先生，我的班主任，对我的帮助很大。

My favourite teacher was Miss Burke–I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.我最喜欢的老师是伯克小姐——我喜爱她教的英国文学课程。

In our class there were 28 students.This is about the average size for British schools.我们班上一共有28个学生。英国中学的班级差不多就是这么大。We had to move to different classrooms for different classes.我们上不同的课得去不同的教室。

We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有的人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。

I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school.我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可一开始我还是觉得有些挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英语的。

However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English.让我感到幸运的是，所有的老师都给了我很多鼓励，I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: 因此，我也喜欢我所学的每一门功课：

English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French.英语、历史、英国文学、计算机、数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。My English improved a lot, as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library.我天天都在使用英语，每天还花一个小时在图书馆里阅读英文书籍，因此，我的英语有了很大进步。

I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free.午饭休息时间我常去电脑俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内的家人和朋友发电子邮件了。I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings.我还额外选了一门功课——每个星期二晚上去听法语。

Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.当我学会如何买菜、配菜和做菜的时候，我发现烹饪真是一种乐趣。At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something.学期末，我们班开了一个派对，我们每个人都要为派对做点吃的。I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.我们班上所有的同学都喜欢我做的蛋糕，这可真让我高兴。

Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can stop studying some subjects if they do not like them, for example, History and French.数学、英语和科学是该校的必修课，但是，如果不喜欢某些科目是可以中断学习的，如历史和法语。

They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science, or languages such as Spanish and German.学生可以选修其他的科目，如艺术、计算机或者是西班牙语、德语之类的语言课。

In the Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture.Though it did not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much.在艺术课上我做了一件小雕塑。尽管完工之后它看上去并不十分漂亮，但我仍然非常喜欢它。

I missed Chinese food a lot at lunch.每到吃午餐的时候我就非常想念中国菜。British food is very different.英国的饮食很不一样。

British people like eating dessert at the end of their main meal.英国人在正餐结束时喜欢吃甜点。

After lunch, we usually played on the school field.Sometimes I played football with the boys.午餐后我们通常去学校运动场上玩耍。有时我和男生们一起踢足球。Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass.有时我干脆在树下休息休息或是在草地上坐一坐。

I was very lucky to experience this different way of life.我很幸运能够体验到这样一种不同的生活方式。

I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction, and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.回顾在英国的日子我很满意，真希望有朝一日能够重返曼彻斯特，在那里读书学习。

M1U1

Project Starting a new school club

We have a radio club in our school.It is great because it is run by the students for the school.I am lucky as I am one of the hosts.It was started two years ago.One day, I just began thinking about music for everyone, so I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break times.He approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student member.Our club is much more than just music.Every morning we tell our schoolmates about the weather, recent news, and some special messages that the teachers want us to broadcast.During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for preparation.At the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers.When parents come to visit the school and talk to the teachers, we often play songs sung by students, and we also give messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays.I shall miss the radio club after graduation, but I know that it will continue without me.(Kate Jones)Our school club ‘Poets of the Next Generation’ is a literary club that was started by our English teacher Mr.Owen.We meet on the last Friday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we like.In the club meetings, we first select poems that we love, and then read them aloud.We also discuss poems in our meetings.When I attended the first meeting, I was required to write a poem and I had to read it to the club.I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying.I once read a poem about nature in the school courtyard.I chose an old tree and gathered everyone under it before I read.The club members said it was one of the best compositions they had heard.(Bob Shaw)

Project

我们学校有一个广播俱乐部。这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生们自己为学校创办的。我很幸运地成了其中的一名主持人。

广播俱乐部是两年前创立的。有一天，我萌发了为大家播放音乐的念头，于是我就问校长能否在休息时间给同学们播放音乐，校长同意了。两年后，我作为元老负责校广播俱乐部的工作。我们的俱乐部现在不只是播放音乐。每天早上我们向同学们播报天气情况和时事新闻，还有老师们要我们播出的一些特别告示。

到了考试的时候我们就会做一档特别节目，告诉学生们复习迎考的注意事项。每当学年结束的时候，许多即将毕业离校的学生就会借助我们的广播俱乐部向他们的好友和老师留下毕业致辞。

每逢家长来访、与老师交谈的时候，我们常常播放一些由学生们自己演唱的歌曲。我们还会广播一些通知，告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息。

毕业后，我会想念广播俱乐部的，但我知道，没有我，它还会继续办下去的。（凯特·琼斯）

我们的校内俱乐部“下一代诗人”是由我们的英语老师欧文先生发起的一个文学俱乐部。每个月的最后一个星期五我们会聚在一起讨论喜爱的诗歌和诗人。聚会的时候，我们首先挑选出我们喜爱的诗歌，然后朗诵这些诗歌。我们还在聚会时讨论诗歌。

我第一次参加聚会的时候，被要求写一首诗，还得当着俱乐部成员的面进行朗诵。起初我觉得有些紧张，但所有的成员都是那么亲切、支好，我很快就不担心了。有一次，我在学校花园里朗诵了一首表现大自然的诗歌。朗诵前．我选择了一棵老树，把大家都聚集在树下。俱乐部成员们都说那是他们听过的最好的诗歌之一。（鲍勃·肖）

Unit 2 Reading Home alone

小鬼当家

Act One第一幕

Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected.The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter.妈妈和爸爸外出度假，比预期的时间提前一天返回家中。妈和爸爸进门时，窗帘紧闭，起居室里黑咕隆咚的。

Dad: It’s do nice to be home!爸爸：

回家的感觉真好啊！

Mom: Yes, I can’t wait to surprise the boys!

妈妈：

是啊，我迫不及待地要给儿子们一个惊喜呢！

Suddenly the door opens and a soccer ball flies through the room.Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.突然，门开了，一只足球飞了进来。埃里克随后跑进起居室，身后跟着一条大狗，走路慢吞吞的。Eric: Mom!Dad!You’re back early!(looking around room, sounding frightened)But, but … you weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow!

埃里克：妈妈！爸爸！你们这么早就回来了呀！

（四下打量，惊慌地）可是、可是„„你们应该明天才到家的呀！

The dog slowly walks to Mom and Dad.狗缓缓地走到妈妈和爸爸身边。

Mom:(bending to touch dog)Eric, he’s so tired and hungry!(looking at table)The money for dog food is gone, but Spot looks like he is starving!What did you do with the cash we left? 妈妈：

（俯身抚摸着狗）埃里克，狗怎么又累又饿的啊!（看了看桌子）买狗食的钱不见了，可是小斑点看上去都饿坏了！你俩用我们留给你们的钱做什么了？

Dad: And look at this room – garbage all over the place!Where is your brother?(shooting angrily)Daniel!

爸爸：

还有，你们看看这起居室——垃圾满地都是！你哥哥在哪儿？

（生气地喊）丹尼尔！Daniel:(running into room)Mom, Dad, I can explain …

丹尼尔：（跑进起居室）妈妈，爸爸，我可以跟你们解释„„

Dad opens the curtains and light comes into the room.The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.In the corner, there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper.爸爸拉开窗帘，光线一下子照进屋里。起居室里一片狼藉：地板上堆放着比萨饼盒子，洗碗池里全是脏碗碟。角落里有只垃圾桶，在其周围还有垃圾和废纸。Mom and Dad both turn towards Daniel.妈妈和爸爸同时转向丹尼尔。

Dad:(sounding very angry)Listen to me, young man – we left you in charge!We thought you could act like an adult, but look at the mess!I don’t know why the house is so dirty…

爸爸：

（非常生气地）听我说，年轻人——我们将这个家交给你负责！我们原以为你的行为举止能像个大人样了，可看看这片狼籍！我不知道为什么这个房子弄得这么脏„„

Mom: Daniel, we thought you were an adult, a person who would make good decisions …

妈妈：

丹尼尔，我们还以为你是成年人了，是一个会做出正确决定的人„，Dad: How can we trust you any more? We won’t tolerate such behavior in our house!爸爸：

我们怎么能再信任你？在我们家里可不能容忍这种行为！

Daniel:(shouting)Stop shouting at me.I’m still a teenager!Why is everything always my fault? 丹尼尔：（叫喊着）别对我大喊大叫好不好？我还只是个少年！为什么什么事总是我的过错？ Daniel runs into his bedroom and shuts the door angrily.Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out.丹尼尔冲进自己的卧室，愤怒地关上房门。妈妈和爸爸面面相觑，灯光灭。

End of Act One第一幕完

Act Two, Scene One 第二幕，第一场

Daniel and Eric’s bedroom.Eric sits on his bed.Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.丹尼尔和埃里克的卧室：埃里克坐在床上，丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。Daniel: They never even gave me a chance to defend myself.I hate them!丹尼尔：

他们压根儿就不给我一个辩解的机会。我讨厌他们：

Eric: You don’t hate them.I can tell them we had an emergency.Then they won’t be mad any more.埃里克：

你可不要讨厌他们!我可以告诉他们发生了紧急情况。解释之后他们就不会再生气了。’ Daniel: No, don’t tell them anything.Anyhow, they didn’t trust me.They don’t deserve an explanation.Let them think what they want.丹尼尔：

别，什么都不用跟他们说。不管怎样，他们不信任我：他们不配得到解释。他们愿意怎么想就让他们怎么想好了。

Eric: But Daniel, if they knew that Spot was sick and that we used the money to take him to the clinic …

埃里克：

可是丹尼尔．如果他们知道小斑点生病了．我们用那笔钱带小斑点去看了兽医„„ Daniel: And that we spent all of yesterday waiting there for him, and that is why we had no time to clean the house … but no, Eric, why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me?

丹尼尔： 还有，我们昨天在兽医那儿呆了一整天，正因为如此，我们才没有时间打扫房子„„可是，不，埃里克，为什么他们不问问我到底发生了什么事就对我大喊大叫呢？

Act Two, Scene Two 第二幕，第二场

Mom: Do you think we were too hard on Daniel? Perhaps there is a reason why the house is a mess …

妈妈：

你觉得我们刚才对丹尼尔是不是太苛刻了呢？有可能家里一团糟是有原因的„„ Dad: Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he won’t respect us.爸爸：

也许吧，可是既然他对我们那么粗鲁无礼．那我觉得我们有必要教训教训他，要不然他不会尊重我们的。

Mom: Oh, why does this have to be so difficult? 妈妈：

哎，干嘛非得这么麻烦啊？

Mom sighs.妈妈叹了口气。End of Act Two第二幕完 Project Writing a report on growing pains Growing pains

成长的烦恼

Many teenagers feel lonely, as if no one understands them and the changes they are going through.Day by day, everything seems different, yet the same.Life never seems to be going fast enough;yet, in other ways, like a race car, life seems to be rushing too fast and even going out of control.Has anyone else ever felt this way?

很多青少年感到孤独，好像没有人理解他们以及他们正在经历的变化。日子一天天过去，而所有事情似乎都是不同的，可又都是一成不变的。生活似乎从不过得足够快；而从别的方面看，生活似乎过得太快甚至于失控，像开赛车一样。别的人也有过同感么？

These feelings are a common part of adolescence – the time of life between child and adult.And, though it may sometimes be difficult to believe, you are not alone – every adult has gone through adolescence, and your friends are going through it right now along with you.It is common for teenagers to feel lonely and misunderstood.These feelings can be thought of as growing pains – the difficulties that teenagers face as they grow to adults.这些感觉是青春期——介于孩童和成人之间的人生阶段——的正常组成部分。而且，虽然有时难以相信，并非只有你才是这样——每一个成年人都经历过青春期，而你的朋友和你一样正经历这个阶段。对青少年而言，感到孤独和被误解是很普遍的。这些情感可以看作是成长的烦恼——是青少年迈向成年时所面对的困难。

As teenagers grow, it is normal for them to become confused with the changing world both inside and outside of them.During adolescence, teenagers go through great physical changes.They grow taller and their voices get deeper, among many other developments.在青少年成长的时候，对自己无论体内还是体外的状态变化感到困惑对他们而言是正常现象。在青春期，青少年经历着身体上的巨大变化。他们个子长高，声音变低，还有很多其他的成长发育。Along with these physical changes, there come many psychological changes.Boys and girls tend to be different in this regard.Many boys become risk-takers – they want to find their own limits and the limits of the world around them, but may not have the wisdom to make good choices in their behavior.At the same time, girls often want someone – anyone – to talk to, as they try to deal with their strong feelings.与这些生理变化同时而来的，还有很多心理上的变化。男孩和女孩在这方面往往有所不同。很多男孩成为危险尝试者——他们希望找到自己的局限和他们周边世界的局限，但也许并不具有对其行为作出正确抉择的智慧。而与此同时，女孩则通常需要和某个人——或任何人进行交谈，因为她们试图面对自己强烈的情感。

In the social world, as teenagers get older, they struggle to depend on themselves.They may badly want and need their parents’ love, yet feel distant;they may want to be part of the group, yet desire independence.Since teenagers have difficulty balancing these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society.在大千社会中，随着青少年长大，他们努力地自力更生。他们或许迫切需要父母的关爱，却又感觉疏远；他们或许想要成为团体的一员，但又渴望独立。正因为青少年们在平衡这些需要时有困难，所以他们经常质疑自己到底是谁以及怎样融入社会。

The good news is that these kinds of growing pains do not last.In the end everything turns out OK – the teenager becomes a healthy adult, and this period of change and challenge is traded for the changes and challenges of grown-up life.好在这些成长的烦恼并不会持久。最终一切都会好起来一—青少年成长为健康的成年人，而青春期的变化和挑战则转变为成人生活中的种种变化和挑战。Unit 3 Reading

Dying to be thin … 想瘦身想得快死了„„

Hi Zhou Ling嗨，周玲：

How are you? I haven’t heard from you for weeks.Is everything OK with you? 你好。好几个星期都没收到你的来信了。一切顺利吗？

Do you still go to the gym every day? I used to go to the gym three times a week, but I don’t work out any more.I know another way to stay slim.你现在还是每天去健身房吗？我以前常去健身房，一周三次，可我现在不再锻炼了。我有了另外一种保持苗条身材的方法。

Looking good is important to women, isn’t it? Most young women want a slim figure these days, especially here in Canada.I’m trying to lose weight because I’m ashamed of my body.显得美丽对女性来说很重要，难道不是吗？如今，大部分年轻女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大这里尤其是这样。我目前在努力减肥，因为我的体形让我觉得非常羞愧。

Since I’m preparing to act in a new TV show, I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.由于我正准备出演一部新的电视剧，所以我在服用一种名叫Fat-Less的减肥药片，这种药片很受加拿大年轻女性的欢迎。

I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms.I take two pills a day and don’t need to exercise.我希望能够至少减去1 0公斤。我每天服用两片，因而也就不用锻炼了。

The pills really work!I’m becoming slimmer and slimmer.I’ve lost 7 kilograms in the last two months.However, sometimes I don’t feel so energetic.减肥药片还真的管用哦！我现在可是越发苗条了。前两个月我就减去了7公斤。可是，有时候我感到没有精神。

My mother, who you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.She says health is the most important thing, and I agree, but then I look so slim at the moment.我妈妈（你去年见过她的）一直告诫我不要服用减肥药片，因为减肥药危及健康。她说，健康是最重要的，我同意这个观点，可是我现在看上去多么苗条。

Write soon!

快些给我写信哦！

Love

Amy爱你的埃米

Dear Zhou Ling亲爱的周玲：

Things change so quickly!I’m now in hospital recovering from liver failure.情况变化实在是太快了！我现在住院了，患的是肝衰竭，正在恢复中。

I regret taking those weight-loss pills.They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.The pills were going to completely destroy my liver if I continued taking them.我很后悔服用了那种减肥药片。那些减肥药片里含有某种有害的化学物质，导致了我肝功能衰竭。如果我当时继