第一篇：SAT官方指南 《教师》文章熟词僻义解析

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以下是选自SAT官方指南夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《教师》，短短一篇文章出现了大量的熟词僻义，来看看这些很眼熟的单词，你是否真的认识? 首先来看文章开篇第一句话：

No man likes to acknowledge that he has made a mistake in thechoice of his profession, and every man, worthy of the name, will row long against wind and tide before heallows himself to cry out, “I am baffled!” and submits to be floated passivelyback to land.这句话中，我们看到 row against wind and tide,逆着风浪前行，row 在这里做动词是“划船”的意思，此外row还有“争吵”之意。另一个单词submit，我们把熟悉的“提交”的意思带进去，完全说不通，如果知道submit的生僻含义“屈服，投降”整句话的意思便不难理解:

没有人愿意承认自己在选择职业时犯了错，即使风浪再大，真正的勇者都会顽强逆风前行，实在撑不住了，才会允许自己投降大喊，“我不行了!”然后默默的随波逐流，飘回岸边。来看一句比较长的话：

I am not of an impatient nature, and influenced by the double desire of getting myliving and justifying to myself and others the resolution I had taken to become a tradesman, I should have enduredin silence the rust and cramp of my best faculties.最后的这一部分，” rust and cramp of my bestfaculties.”,注意，rust本义是“生锈”，cramp本义是“抽筋”，在这里要引申成“荒废和麻痹”，那么这句话是说“全体教员被荒废和麻痹”吗?显然不是，faculty在这里指“才华，能力”，这句话就可以翻译得出：

我不是个没有耐心的人，我还有双重需求：既要糊口，又要证明给自己和别人看我决心从商是对的，我本应该默默忍受自己一身才华被荒废和麻痹。再来感受以下作者细腻的文笔：

I should have pent in every sigh by which my heart might haveventured to intimate its distress under the closeness, smoke, monotony, and joylesstumult of Bigben Close, and its panting desire for freer and fresher scenes.句中的intimate太常见了，常指“亲密的，密切的”，可是在这里做动词又应该怎么理解呢?intimate做动词时指“揭露，暗示”，这下恍然大悟，原来作者认为自己应该抑制(pentin)自己的叹息声，因为声声叹息可能会揭露自己内心的苦难(distress)，这些苦难来自哪里?整句翻译如下：

我应该抑制声声叹息，因为它可能已经暴露了我内心的苦难，身处比格本大院里的憋闷闭塞、乌烟瘴气、单调乏味、喧嚣躁动，也可能已经暴露出我对自由和新环境的极度渴望。下一句话：

the antipathywhich had sprung up between myself and my employer striking deeper root andspreading denser shade daily, excluded me fromevery glimpse of the sunshine of life.spring这个单词有“春天、弹簧、跳跃和泉眼“的意思，spring up在这里指的是”出现，涌现“。我和老板之间的厌恶已经生根发芽，扎根越来越深，其阴影日渐浓厚，我已经看不见一丝生活的阳光了。

这一句分析老板憎恶“我“的原因：

My punctuality, industry, and accuracy, fixed his dislike, and gave it the high flavour and poignant relish of envy.看到这里，必然有同学觉得industry实在是显得格格不入，注意，industry千万不能翻译成”工业”，而应该是“勤奋，勤恳“，flavour我们知道是”特色，特点”或者指”事物的味道“，这句话中，high flavour和poignant relish意思相近，并列起来修饰envy，”反感提味，滋生出嫉妒“：

我的准时守信、勤勤恳恳、做事准确，这一切都让他对愈发厌恶，进一步升华到羡慕嫉妒恨。www.xiexiebang.com

最后一句：

Thoughts, not varied but strong, occupied my mind;two voicesspoke within me;again and again they uttered the same monotonous phrases.见题够多的同学应该对utter不陌生，做形容词时指“完全的，彻底的“，做动词为“讲，说”，这句话应该翻译成：

这时，一个强烈的、毫不动摇的想法支配着我;内心有两股声音不停地单调重复着对我说。小总结

row n.纠纷;争吵;噪音 v.划船 submit v.提交;顺从，投降

faculty n.全体教师;天赋，才能

intimate adj.亲密的，紧密的 v.暴露，暗示 spring up 跳上来;发生;萌芽;出现 industry n.工业;勤奋

flavor n.味道;特点，气氛

utter adj.完全的，彻底的 v.说，讲

综上，是不是觉得这些小单词还有着两副面孔呢?所以背单词一定要深入彻底，对熟词僻义的总结要落实到每一篇文章，相信日积月累，终能看透这些家伙。

上海新托福精讲班多少钱？

一、整体情况

培训对象：英语基础薄弱大学生或未接触过托福考试的高中生

培训目的：通过对托福基础听说读写的巩固及强化训练，帮助学员提高托福基础和应试技巧，顺利通过考试。

目标分数：80-90分

课程时长：根据学员需要而定

课程学费：依照学员学习水平而定

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二、课程安排

课程课程：主讲托福词汇、托福语法、托福听力、托福阅读、托福口语、托福写作；

辅导课程：梳理课程知识，解疑答惑，查漏补缺；

测评课程：托福全真模考及考试分析点评；

三、模考安排

第一次：课程中间，安排一次托福全真模拟考试及点评

第二次：课程结束，安排一次托福全真模拟考试及点评

备 注：除以上安排，学员结课后可根据自己的考试时间自行预约TPO小站模考

【看不懂？更多问题请留言咨询在线备考顾问】

第二篇：考研熟词僻义词

考研熟词僻义词

（一）absorb /Eb5sR:b/ v [T] 忍耐；忍受： absorb the additional hardships（忍受额外的困苦）During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.[2007 Text 3]（与此同时，家庭成员的退休收入也要承担更多风险。）【常见义】v [T]吸收；吸进

act /Akt/ n [C] 行为；举动：This dreadful murder is surely the act of a madman.（这种令人惊骇的谋杀纯粹是疯子的行为。）This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.[2007 Text 1]（这次实验的成功，加上后来那些表明记忆力不是由遗传决定的实验，使埃里克森得出结论：记忆行为与其说是一种直觉活动，不如说是一种认知活动。）Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects‟ behavior.[2010 Section I]（出人意料的是，人们最终以将这些研究的结果命名了为“霍桑效应”——一种极具影响力的观点，认为仅仅成为实验对象这一举动就足以使受试者的行为发生改变。）Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.[2008 Text 4]（而仅仅在那之前的十年，这样的行为在弗吉尼亚还需要得到立法机构的批准。）n [C]（立法机构所立的）法案，法令：Parliament has passed an act which makes such sports illegal.（议会通过了一项法例，规定这些娱乐是非法的。）The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.[2013 Text 4]（唯一主要的反对来自大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚，他为州特权提供了更加强有力的辩护，这些州特权可回溯到《外国人与煽动叛乱法》这一法案。）【常见义】v [I, T]扮演 v [I]行动

address /E5dres/ v [T]（尤指正式地）向（某人或听众）讲话： The chairman will now address the meeting.（现在由主席向与会者讲话。）Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.[2002 Text 1]（因此，谈话对象不同，所谈的问题也不同。）v [T] 提出；提交（口头或书面的报告）以引起„„的注意：address a protest to the faculty senate（向校评议会提交抗议书）Regrettably, however, the report‟s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.[2014 Text 4]（然而，令人遗憾的是，该报告未能指出文科教育面临的危机的实质，故其带来的弊大于利。）v [T] 应对；处理： Governments have been slow to address the problem of global warming.（政府在应对全球变暖问题上动作迟缓。）Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notesthat the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006 Section I]（《波士顿环球报》的记者克里斯·里迪指出，只有通过综合规划来满足无家可归者的各种需求，情况才能够得到改善。）【常见义】n [C]住址；地址

agent /5eIdVEnt/ n [C] 原动力；动因： Technological advances are the chief agents;of change.（技术进步是变革的主要推动力。）Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent;of evolution has gone.[2000 Passage 2]（由于大部分的变异是由基因引起的，所以又一个影响进化的因素消失了。）【常见义】n [C]代理人，经纪人

air /eE/ n [C] 气质，风度：smile with a triumphant air（带著胜利神情的微笑）Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert‟s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” [2011 Text 1]（甚至在《纽约时报》上发表文章支持任命吉尔伯特的托马西尼，都称其为“一位谦逊的音乐家，在他身上没有指挥家那种令人望而生畏的神态”。）【常见义】n [U]空气

anchor / 5ANkE(r)/ n [C] 主持人；主播： He signed off after nineteen years as CBS news anchor.（在做了 19 年哥伦比亚广播公司新闻节目主持人后，他辞职不干了。）Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling.[2006 Text 4]（快餐食客们、新闻主播们以及发送短信息者，都在微笑，微笑，微笑。）【常见义】n [C]锚

answer /5B:nsE(r)/ n [sing]（地位、作用等方面的）对应物；相当的人： The press called her Britain‟s answer to Marilyn Monroe.（新闻界称她为英国的玛丽莲·梦露。）[2013 Text 1] Overdressed is the fashion world‟s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan‟s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.[2013 Text 1] 迈克尔·波伦的《杂食者的困境》一书是维护消费者权益的畅销书，而《过度时装消费》则相当于时尚界的《杂食者的困境》。【常见义】n [C]回答 v [I, T] 回答

appeal /E5pi:l/ v [I]（对某人）有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣：The idea of camping has never appealed to me.（对露营这种想法我从来就不感兴趣。）If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.[2007 Part C]（如果有关法律的研习正开 始成为普通教育的重要组成部分，那么它的目的和方法应该会即刻吸引新闻学教育者。）【常见义】v [I]（向上级法院）上诉

appetite /5ApItaIt/ n [C, U] 欲求： an insatiable appetite for books（对书籍永不满足的欲望）Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences;family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity;systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.[2009 Part C]（比如，宗教团体的成立是为了保卫统治阶层的利益和抵御邪恶势力；家庭生活的建立是为了满足身体的欲望和维系家族长久；有组织的劳动的兴起很大程度上是因为奴隶制度的产生，等等。）【常见义】 n [U]胃口；食欲

approach /E5prEUtF/ v [T] 处理；对付： Governments tend to approach the issue from different angles.（政府倾向于从多个角度处理这个问题。）Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally（or collaboratively）and innovatively.[2009 Text 1]（20世纪 60 年代末，研究人员发现人类生来具有四种主要的应对挑战的方法：分析的方法、程式化的方法、相关联的方法（也称协作性方法）和创新性的方法。）The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing‟s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.[2011 Text 3]（如今消费者对于做出购买决定这一过程的处理方式，意味着市场营销的影响力来自于传统付费媒介以外的广泛因素。）【常见义】n [C]道路；方法

argue /5B:gju/ v [I, T] 坚持，主张：The speaker argued that more immigrants should be admitted to the country.（讲演者举出理由证明应该允许更多的移民入境。）If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.[2003 Text 3]（他们认为，如果铁路公司对所有客户平均收费，那些可以选择货运汽车或其他运输方式的客户就会另作选择，从而使剩下的客户承担铁路的运营费用。）Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? [2005 Text 1]（还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而怀疑者们却坚持认为我们对此尚不能确定的那些年吗？）【常见义】v [I, T]争论；争吵

arm /B:m / v [T] 提供（设备，信息等）；配备： I‟ll need to arm myself with all the facts before meeting them formally.（在与他们正式见面前，我需要了解所有的事实。）Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.[2004 Text1]（有的人用它来密切关注对于本行业的市场需求或搜集有关薪水的信息以备加薪谈判时胸有成竹。）【常见义】 n [C]手臂

assume /E5sju:m/ v [T] 呈现；具有（特定的性质、外表或程度）： Militant activity had assumed epidemic proportions.（军事活动呈蔓延之势。）In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.[2013 Part C]（从中，我们可以看到人类亲近大自然的天性（对接触非人类生命的渴望）呈现出一种奇特的表现形式。）【常见义】v [T]假定，认为

attack /E5tAk/ n [C，U] 抨击；非难： an attack;on the government‟s policies（对政府政策的抨击）The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.[2000 Passage 5]（对野心的抨击比比皆是，并且角度各不相同；公开为雄心辩解的人则寥寥无几，虽然他们不至于毫无吸引力，但却无法给人留下深刻印象。）【常见义】v [I, T]进攻；攻击

bar /bB: / n [S] 法律专业（人士），法律界： Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.[2014 Text 2]（另一种提议是主张学生在法学院学习两年后就进行司法考试。）【常见义】n [C]棍，棒；酒吧

bear /beE(r)/ v [T] 承担；担负： the expert‟s fee shall be borne by the tenant（专家费要由承租人负担）Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families‟future healthcare.[2007 Text 3]（医疗保健的绝对支出和家庭所承担的份额都提高了，最近流行的健康储蓄计划正从立法机构延伸到沃尔玛员工中，该计划增加了医疗保险扣减额，也增加了家庭未来医疗保健方面的投资风险。）【常见义】n [C]熊

bill /bIl/ n [C]（提交议会讨论的）法案： propose a bill（提出一项议案）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill;that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.[2001 Section II]（为 了大力加强对报界的法律控制，大法官欧文勋爵将提交一份草案，提出向证人付费将被视为非法，并且严格控制开庭前对案情的公开程度。）【常见义】n [C]账单

board /bR:d/ n [C] 委员会；理事会；董事会： He sits on the company‟s management board.（他是公司的管理委员。）He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.” [2002 Text 4]（他说，行医执照颁发委员会“必须明确表明„„病人痛苦的死亡可以推定为由于医生治疗不力造成的，应该吊销其行医执照。”）【常见义】n [C]木板

book /bUk/ v [T] 记载；把„„记录在册： book the loss（记录损失）And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.[2010 Text 4]（另外，缺少活力的市场在一定程度上反映银行系统的瘫痪，为避免账面损失，他们不愿意出售资产，也不愿意收购那些所谓的廉价资产。）【常见义】n [C]书；书籍

branch /brB:ntF/ n [C]（知识的）分科；（语言的）分系：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.[2003 Part B]（社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性、有序、系统和冷静的方式去研究人类及其活动。）Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing;living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emersion would say, is something else.[2006 Part C]（精通人类知识的某个分支是一回事；而生活在如爱默生所说的“公众、卓越的思考”之中，又是另外一回事。）【常见义】n [C]树枝

buy /baI/ v [T]认为合乎情理而接受（某事物）；相信： No one will buy that excuse.（谁也不会相信那个借口。）Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.[2005 Text 2]（许多美国人接受了这些无稽之谈，结果在过去的三十多年里，差不多有一千万烟民早早地进了坟墓。）【常见义】v [T]购买；采购

canned /kAnd/ adj（音乐、笑声或掌声）预先录好的： Is there any canned laughter in the TV programme?（在此电视剧中有预先录制的笑声吗？）And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way.[2007 Part B]（长时间观看带有录制好笑声的电视节目只能让孩子被动地处理信息。）【常见义】adj 罐装的

capacity /kE5pAsEti/ n [C, U] 能力；才能： a child‟s capacity for learning（孩子的学习能力）“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men‟s,” she observes,“it‟s just that they‟re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” [2008 Text 1]（她指出：“她们承受压力的能力甚至可能比男性更强，只是她们要处理的事情更多，因此她们的疲态出现得更早、更明显。”）【常见义】n [U]容量

carry /5kAri/ v [T] 备有（货物）供销售： The sports shop carries a full range of equipments.（这个体育用品商店有各类商品出售。）And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.[2010 Text 4]（除非银行出售的有毒资产在价格上足够吸引买家，否则银行系统的复兴将十分艰难。）【常见义】v [T]携带；搬运

case /keIs/ n（语法）格（语言中用来表示形容词、名词、代词与另一词关系的形式）：possessive case（所有格）Mr.McWhorter‟s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[2005 Text 4]（麦克沃特先生的专业是语言史与语言演变，他认为诸如“whom”这一类词的逐渐消失是自然的，与古英语中词格尾缀的消失一样没什么可惋惜的。）【常见义】n [C] 事例；实例

catch /kAtF/ n [U] 所捕获的某事物（的量）： a huge catch of fish（大量捕获的鱼）That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.[2006 Text 3]（这表明更高比例的生物正在被捕捞，因此现在与过去的真正差异可能比记录的捕捞量变化所体现的差异更大。）【常见义】v [T]抓住；接住

celebrate /5selIbreIt/ v [T] 歌颂，赞扬：a sonnet that celebrates love（歌颂爱情的十四行诗）In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? [2011 Text 4]（在一个一直歌颂生育的社会中，承认后悔生育孩子就相当于承认自己支持残杀幼猫，这有什么奇怪的吗？）【常见义】v [T]庆祝

cement /sI5ment/ v [T] 加强；巩固： cement a friendship（加强友谊）They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.[2014 Text 3]（它们可能会使同行评审研究的现状停滞不前。）【常见义】n [U]水泥

chair /tFeE(r)/ v [T] 主持；监管： Would you like to chair tomorrow‟s meeting?（你愿意主持明天的会议吗？）Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O‟Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.[2003 Text 4]（最高法院法官桑德拉·戴·欧康奈现在已经 70 多岁了，而前卫生局局长 C.埃弗雷特·库伯 80 多岁时还担任一家新兴互联网公司的负责人。）【常见义】n [C]椅子

challenge /5tFAlIndV/ v [T] 质疑：This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs.（这项新的发现对传统观念提出了异议。）We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other‟s reasoning and each other‟s conceptions of reason.[2012 Text 3]（我们一起思考，一起怀疑、修正和完善彼此的推理过程，以及彼此对理性的理解。）n [C]质问；怀疑：a serious challenge to the Prime Minister's authority（对首相的权威性郑重提出的异议）Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.[2012 Text 3]（新发表的看似至关重要且有说服力的发现声明和可靠发现总是会受到质疑，并且可能会被后来的研究者修改或者反驳，这不足为奇。）【常见义】v [T]挑战 n [C] 挑战

check /tFek/ v [T] 阻碍；制止：check an impulse to laugh（抑止住想要笑的冲动）The police are failing to take adequate measures to check the growth in crime.[2000 Passage 5]（警方未能采取适当的措施来阻止犯罪率上升。）【常见义】v [T]检查

clash /klAF/ n [C] 冲突；争论： The plans put oil companies in a head-on clash;with environmentalists.（这些计划使石油公司和环境保护主义者发生了正面冲突。）The astonishing distrust of the news media isn‟t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash;of world views between reporters and their readers.[2001 Passage 3]（对新闻媒体出奇的不信任并不是源于报道失实或报道水平欠佳，而是源于记者和读者每天都发生着的世界观的冲突。）【常见义】n [C]碰撞声；撞击声

class /klB:s/ v [T] 把„„分类；将„„归类： Heroin and cocaine are classed as hard drugs.（海洛因和可卡因归入硬毒品一类。）With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.[2000 Passage 3]（然而，对于未来主义诗歌而言，情况却很难说。因为无论未来主义诗歌什么样，即使承认其理论依据可能是正确的，也很难将其归类于文学。）n [C] 种类： a rare class of butterflies（一类稀有的蝴蝶）It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.” [2010 Text 2]（它“有可能导致一整类商业方法专利被撤销”。）【常见义】n [C]阶级；班级；课

cloak /klEUk/ v [T] 隐藏；覆盖；掩饰： She cloaked her embarrassment by rushing into speech.（她急忙开口说话，以掩饰自己的尴尬。）Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” [2011 Text 2]（他没有用一些常见的模棱两可的借口掩饰自己的离开，反而坦言离职是为了“追求自己经营一家公司的目标”。）【常见义】n [C]斗篷；披风

cloud /klaUd/ v [T] 毁坏（某事物）；威胁： I hope this disagreement won‟t cloud our friendship.（我希望这一分歧不会影响我们的友谊。）A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.[2011 Text 2]（同时，动荡的商业环境也使得高级经理人格外小心，避免让模糊不清的表态给自己的名誉蒙上阴影。）【常见义】n [C, U]云

code /kEUd/ n [C] 行为准则；行为规范： The profession has a strict code of practice.（这一行有严格的行业守则。）The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.[2002 Text 4]（医学界正采取措施让年轻的医生在晚期病人疗养所接受培训，检验各种大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识，为医院所提供的临终关怀制定医疗收费标准，同时也为评估和处理病人弥留之际的病痛建立新的标准。）Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code.[2012 Section I]（部分原因在于法官并不为道德规范所约束。）【常见义】n [C, U]密码；代码

comb /kEUm/ v [T] 细查；搜寻： Police combed the area for the murder weapon.（警察在这个地区仔细搜索凶器。）In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers‟ stores in Athens, Greece.19[2014 Part B]（世纪末期，英国考古学家亚瑟·埃文斯爵士逐一搜寻了希腊雅典的古玩店。）【常见义】n [C]梳子

community /kE5mju:nEtI/ n [CGp]（由同宗教、同种族、同职业或其他共同特征的人组成的）团体；界：The police haven‟t really done anything for the black community in particular.（警方并没有特别为黑人团体做什么。）On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.[2002 Text 4]（另一方面，许多医学界的人承认，协助病人自杀的争论之所以升温，部分原因是病人的绝望情绪。对他们来说，现代医学只是延长了他们弥留之际肉体上的苦痛。）n [C]（生态）群落：communities of insectivorous birds（食虫鸟类群落）Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.[2010 Part C]（然而，这些生物却是生物群落的成员，如果生物群落的稳定性取决于其完整性，那么这些生物就有权继续生存下去。）【常见义】n [C] 社会；社区

company /5kQmpEnI/ n [U] 陪伴：I enjoy his company.（我喜欢和他在一起。）As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.[2002 Section II]（正如前面所讲的，直到 19 世纪，报纸才继小册子和图书之后，与期刊一起，成为电子时代到来之前的最重要的传播媒介。）【常见义】n [C]公司；商行

conceive /kEn5si:v/ v [I, T] 怀孕；受孕：She was told she couldn't conceive.（她得知自己不能怀孕。）Soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania.[2007 Text 1]（酷爱足球运动的父母更有可能在春季怀孕，因为那是一年中足球狂热的巅峰季节。）【常见义】v [I, T]构思；想象

constitutes /5kCnstItju:t/ v [T] 是；被算作： The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society.（犯罪率上升是对社会的威胁。）A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.[2001 Passage 1]（只要比较一下过去的一个半世纪里的英国地质学刊物就会发现，不仅仅是研究的首要地位越来越受到强调，而且学术文章的发表标准也在发生改变。）【常见义】 v [T]组成；构成

考研熟词僻意

（二）contend /kEn5tend/ v [T] 主张（某事物）；争辩；认为，声称： I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.（我认为失业是我们社会最为严重的弊病。）Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.” [2002 Text 4]（蒙特非奥尔医疗中心主任南希·道布勒认为，这一原则将庇护那些医生——他们“直到现在还坚定地认为，如果加大剂量可能会加速病人死亡，他们总不能给病人足够的药物来控制他们的痛苦。”）It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town‟s revenue because they spend the night（some of them four or five nights）pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.[2006 Text 2]（皇家莎士比亚剧团声称，看戏的人为小镇带来了大量的收入，因为他们在此过夜（有些甚至住四到五个夜晚），把大把大把的钱花在酒店以及饭店中。）But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help inpiduals improve their lives and possibly the world.[2012 Text 1]（但是蒂娜•罗森堡在其新书《加入俱乐部》中主张，通过她所说的社会治疗，朋辈压力也可以成为一种积极的力量。在社会治疗的过程中，各机构及官员运用群体动力来帮助个人改善生活，并有可能改变世界。）【常见义】v [I, T]争斗；竞争

course /kR:s/ n [S]（时间的）进程，过程：In the course of my long life I've known many changes.（我在漫长的一生中饱经沧桑。）Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course.[2005 Text 3]（并设想你期望的另一种结局；下次再做类似的梦的时候，努力及时醒来以控制梦的进程。）His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.[2006 Part C]（他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展现引导自己作出决定的推理过程。）n [C]（船只或飞行器的）航向，航线：The course of the ship was due north.（这条船的航行方向是正北。）Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.[2015 Part C]（有时候风暴使船只严重偏离航线，而风平浪静又常常使他们陷入漫长得难以忍受的淹留之中。）【常见义】n [C] 课程

cover /5kQvE(r)/ v [T]（新闻记者）报道： The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.（英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。）In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.[2010 Text 1]（在那段遥远的岁月里，人们认为各大报 纸的评论家应当对他们所报道的事件予以详尽全面的描述。）【常见义】v [T]覆盖；遮盖

coverage /5kQvErIdV/ n [C, U] 新闻报道： media / newspaper / press coverage（媒体 /报纸 / 报刊的报道）Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.[2010 Text 1]（在过去的 25 年中，英文报纸发生的影响最为深远的变化可能就是艺术报道的范围势不可挡的缩减和其严肃性的下降。）【常见义】n [U]范围

craft /krB:ft/ v [T] 精心制作： He crafted the chair lovingly.（他精心制作了这把椅子。）To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students‟ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.[2014 Text 4]（为了激励创新和竞争，该报告呼吁增加科研投入，精心设计条理清晰的课程，以提高学生在 21 世纪解决问

题的能力和有效沟通的能力，呼吁增加对教师的投入，鼓励学者应用他们的研究来应对如今的巨大挑战。）【常见义】n [C]手艺，工艺

critical /5krItIkl/ adj 重要的；紧要的；关键性的： It is absolutely critical for us to know the truth.（我们知道真相是极其重要的。）“How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.[2007 Text 2]（斯滕伯格在《智力测试有多准?》一文中指出，传统测试能够很好地评估分析能力和语言能力，但无法衡量创造力和实践能力，而这些也是解决问题和获得成功的关键因素。）【常见义】adj 批评的；非难的

criticism /5krItIsIzEm/ n [C, U]（文学、艺术等的）评论： Literary and art criticism is a complex question which requires a great deal of special study.（文艺批评是一个复杂的问题，需要大量专门的研究。）It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.[2010 Text 1]（对于 40 岁以下的普通读者而言，他们难以想象一个可以在大多数大城市的报纸上读到高质量的艺术评论的时代。）【常见义】n [U]批评；指责

crop /krCp/ v [T] 收割；收获： the number of trout cropped each year（每年鳟鱼的捕获量）That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.[2006 Text 3]（而发现这些变化很重要，因为理论表明一个渔场只有在目标捕捞物种的生物量保持在原始基数的 50%左右时，才能获得最大可持续捕捞量。）【常见义】n [C]庄稼；农作物

cultivate /5kQltIveIt/ v [T] 力求获得某人的友谊或支持：You must cultivate people who can help you in business.（你得结交在业务上对你有用的人。）They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.[2012 Section I]（法官被授予终身职位，这样他们可以无所顾虑地去触碰当权者，同时无需寻求政治支持。）【常见义】v [T]培养；栽培

curb /k:b/ n [C] 控制；约束： government curbs on spending（政府对开支的限制）Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.[2010 Text 2]（对商业方法专利申请的控制将是联邦巡回法院[对该类专利]态度的彻底转变，因为正是联邦巡回法院自身在1998 年所谓“道富银行案”的裁决中引入了这类专利，当时法院批准对某种共同投资资产的管理方法授予专利。）Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.[2013 Text 1]（尽管有些快速时装消费品公司已经在为抑制对劳动力和环境的影响而努力，比如 H&M 公司推出了“环保意识时尚”系列，但克莱因认为，只有消费者才能带来持久的改变。）【常见义】n [U]路缘

deliver /dI5lIvE(r)/ v [T] 发表（正式讲话）： He will deliver a lecture on endangered species.（他将做一个关于濒危物种的讲座。）Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.[2002 Text 1]（你可以轻松、自然地在谈话中加进一些随意的、看似即兴的评论。）【常见义】v [T]递送、传送（信件、包裹、货物等）

discipline /5dIsIplIn/ n [C]学科；教学科目：When did sociology emerge as a distinct discipline?（社会学是何时成为独立学科的？）Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.[2003 Part C]（人类学是一门以实地研究为导向的学科，它大量使用比较分析的方法。）The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.[2007 Part C]（几百年来，法律研习在欧洲大学中一直被认为是一门基础的知识学科。）【常见义】n [U] 纪律

dismiss /dIs5mIs/ v [T] 拒绝考虑；否认： He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.（他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议不切实际，拒绝考虑。）Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.[2009 Text 1]（我们不必把自己看作一成不变的习惯性生物，相反，我们可以通过有意识地培养新习惯来主动地作出改变。）【常见义】v [T]开除；解雇

dramatic /drE5mAtIk/ adj 突然的；巨大的；令人吃惊的： The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices.（这则公告对房屋价格产生了巨大影响。）The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more（and more perse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.[2011 Text 3]（同样剧烈的技术变革为营销人员提供了更多的且不同的通讯选择，同时也增加了风险，因为情绪激动的消费者会以更快、更明显和更具破坏性的方式表达他们的意见。）【常见义】adj 戏剧的

dumb /dQm/ adj 愚蠢的： a dumb decision（愚蠢的决定）It‟s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.[2011 Text 4]（很难想象，很多人会愚蠢到仅仅因为瑞茜和安吉丽娜使生育孩子看上去光鲜迷人就想要生孩子：多数成年人都明白，养孩子可不像剪头发那样简单。）【常见义】adj 哑的

embrace /Im5breIs/ v [T] 欣然接受（或支持）（某种信仰、理论、改变等）：Most countries have enthusiastically embraced the concept of high-speed railroads.（许多国家都已经热情高涨地接受了高速铁路这一概念。）Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them.[2010 Text 3]（营销人员支持“二级传播”理论，因为该理论表明只要他们能找到社会中有影响力的人，并对其施加影响，那么这些挑选出来的人就可以为他们完成大部分的工作。）【常见义】v [T]拥抱

end /end/ n [C] 目的；目标： She‟ll do anything to achieve her own ends.（她会全力以赴实现自己的目标。）“Our main end was to catch fish.”“我们主要是来这里捕鱼的。”[2009 Text 4] 【常见义】n [C]结束；终端 v [T]结束；终止

exploit /Ik5splRIt/ v [T]（为获取利益而）利用： We need to exploit every opportunity for media coverage.（我们需要利用每一个媒体宣传的机会。）While traditional “paid”media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.[2011 Text 3]（虽然传统的“付费”媒介——比如电视广告和平面广告——仍然扮演着重要的角色，但如今企业还可以利用许多其他形式的媒介。）【常见义】v [T]剥削

fabricate /5fAbrIkeIt/ v [T] 编造，虚构： fabricate an excuse（编造借口）The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well-studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.[2004 Part B]（这些新近被描述的语言往往与已经得到充分研究的欧洲语言及东南亚语言极其不同，以至于有些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔伪造资料。）【常见义】v [T]制作；创造

fair /feE/ n [C] 集市；庙会：Every autumn I go to the county fair.（每个秋季我都去县里的集市。）For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animal—no meat, no fur, no medicines.[2003 Text 2]（举例来说，在最近的一次街头集市上，一位张罗了一个动物权利宣传摊的老太太在发小册子，鼓励人们不要使用来自动物或者在动物身上做过实验的任何东西——不吃肉，不穿毛皮，也不吃药。）【常见义】adj 公平的；公正的

fashion /5fAFn/ v [T] 改革；改变： fashion the social institutions of the old（改变旧的社会习俗）Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.[2013 Text 4]（而亚利桑那州试图改变州政策，欲与已存在的联邦法令并驾齐驱。）v [T] 形成；设计或制作某物： He fashioned a box from a few old pieces of wood.（他用几块旧木头做了个盒子。）There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge.[2013 Part C]（毫无疑问，花园证实了一种不可遏制的想要创作、表达、设计和美化的强烈愿望，并印证了自我表达是人类的基本需求。）If the Administration won‟t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.[2005 Text 2]（如果政府没有率先立法，国会就应当帮助制定相应的保护措施。）【常见义】n [C, U]风尚，时尚

father /5fB:TE(r)/ v [T] 做„„的父亲；生养： He fathered three children.（他有三个孩子。）They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.[2008 Text 4]（科学家开始这方面的研究在一定程度上是由于在 1998 年获取的 DNA 证据，这些证据几乎毫无疑问地表明托马斯•杰斐逊和自己的奴隶赛莉•海明斯至少生过一个孩子。）【常见义】n [C]父亲

feature /5fi:tFE(r)/ n [C]（尤指报刊、节目的长篇）特写，特别报道： a special feature on children‟s reference books（一篇关于儿童参考读物的专题文章）As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.[2014 Text 3]（据《自然》杂志的一篇新闻专题文章论述，近年来有一系列为研究人员设立的巨额奖项加入到诺贝尔奖的行列。）v [T] 以„„为特色；是„„的特征： The latest model features alloy wheels and an electronic alarm.（最新款的特色是合金车轮和电子报警器。）Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.[2006 Text 4]（杂志上总是刊登着笑容满面的名人们以及住在漂亮房子里幸福美满的家庭。）v [T] 特写；突出表现： This month‟s magazine features the new James Bond on the front cover.（本月杂志封面上有新的詹姆斯·邦德的特写。）Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.[2011 Text 4]（实际上，每周杂志上都至少有一位面带笑容的明星妈妈或者准妈妈的特写。）【常见义】n [C]特点，特征

feed /fi:d/ v [T] 供给；供应： The public baths are fed by natural springs.（该公共浴池的水来自天然泉水。）If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.[2007 Text 1]（如果你再检查为世界杯和职业球队输送人才的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这个奇怪的现象更为明显。）【常见义】v [T]喂养；饲养

fertile /5f:taIl/ adj（人、动植物）能受孕的；能生育的，有繁殖力的：Karen carefully calculated the period when she was most fertile.（卡伦仔细地计算了自己的最佳受孕期。）There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past.[2000 Passage 2]（还有另一种方式扼杀了人类自身的进化：寿命延长，但却少生孩子。现在没有几个人像过去的人那样具有旺盛的生育能力了。）【常见义】adj（土壤、土地）肥沃的

fetch /fetF/ v [T] 售得；卖得： The land could fetch over a million pounds.（这块地售价可超过100万英镑。）These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.[2010 Text 4]（这些准则规定，银行必须以第三方愿意支付的价格评估资产，而不应以价格管理者们和监管机构期望售出的价格来评估资产。）【常见义】v [T]接来；取来

field /fi:ld/ v [T] 回答： He fielded some awkward questions very skillfully.（他非常巧妙地回答了几个尴尬的问题。）So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100)as, what‟s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? [2007 Text 2]（因此，当莎凡回答智商为 100 的普通人提出的诸如“爱与喜欢有何区别？”或“运气和巧合的本质是什么？”这类问题时，人们不禁感到困惑。）【常见义】n [C]田地，牧场

figure /5fIgE/ n [C] 人物（尤其是著名人物）：a famous historical figure（一位著名的历史人物）Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift.[2005 Text 4]（美国人已经不再期待公众人物在演讲或写作中运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语了。）Among the commission‟s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.[2014 Text 4]（该委员会的 51 名成员包括顶尖大学的校长、学者、律师、法官、企业家，以及来自外交、电影制片、音乐和新闻领域的杰出代表。）【常见义】n [C]数字

fold /fEUld/ v [I] 屈服；抵挡不住： a team that never folded under pressure（一支从不屈服于压力的队伍）The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.[2010 Text 4]（但该委员会表示不愿在没有总体规划的情况下贸然行动，可是到今年稍晚些时候，当IASB 完成自身规则的改造时，其屈服的压力将会很大。）【常见义】v [T]折叠

forge /fR:dV/ v [T] 形成，建立（关系）： The two women forged a close bond.（两位女士形成紧密同盟。）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.[2007 Part C]（另一方面，它把这些概念同日常生活联系起来，其方式与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是一样的。）【常见义】v [T]锻造；打铁

fortune /5fR:tFu:n/ n [C] 财产：She pursued her fortune in another country.（她到他乡寻求她的财富。）Consumers say they‟re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.[2004 Text 3]（消费者说，尽管报纸的头条新闻很吓人，他们并不感到绝望，因为他们对自己的财富状况仍然感觉良好。）But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.[2007 Text 3]（但是今天，家庭收入的减少再也不能靠以前待在家里的伴侣出去赚取额外收入而得到弥补。）【常见义】n [U]运气；机会

frame /freIm/ n [C] 身体；体形： She has quite a small frame.（她身材很瘦小。）The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.[2008 Text 3]（近年来，那些从事重要体育项目的职业运动员的身体发生了巨大变化，俱乐部的经理们也非常乐意调整队服的尺寸以适应不断增多的越来越大、越来越高的身躯。）【常见义】n [C]构架

fuel /5fju:El/ v [T] 维持；煽动（激烈的情感或活动）： His resignation fuelled speculation of an imminent cabinet reshuffle.（他的辞职激起了人们对内阁将随之重组的猜测。）On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.[2002 Text 4]（另一方面，许多医学界的人承认，协助病人自杀的争论之所以升温，部分原因是病人的绝望情绪。对他们来说，现代医学只是延长了他们弥留之际肉体上的苦痛。）【常见义】n [C, U]燃料

game /geIm/ n [U] 野禽；猎物： game birds（供猎捕的鸟）The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.[2006 Text 3]（这些生长缓慢的大型动物很容易被猎杀，所以很快就被猎杀殆尽。）【常见义】n [C]游戏；运动

gift /gIft/ n [C] 天赋；禀赋；才能： He has a gift for languages.（他有语言天赋。）“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define „journalism‟ as „a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.‟” [2010 Text 1]（“拥有足够的智力或文学天赋来坚持新闻写作的作家是如此之少，”纽曼写道，“以致我忍不住把„新闻业‟定义为„不受读者欢迎的作家对那些广受欢迎的作家的轻蔑之辞‟。”）【常见义】n [C]礼物

grasp /grB:sp/ v [T] 全面理解（某事）；全面领会： I hadn‟t really grasped what they were talking about.（我没有真正明白他们在谈论什么。）Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.[2004 Text 4]（智力寻求的是领会、操控、重新安排和调整，而智慧旨在审视、思考、怀疑、推理、批判和想象。）It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.[2014 Part C]（这也解释了为何当我们力图用语言描述音乐时只能说清对它的感受，而无法领会音乐本身。）【常见义】v [T]抓住；把握

ground /graUnd/ n [C esp pl]说、做或相信某事的原因或理由：They had no grounds to arrest him.（他们没有理由逮捕他。）Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone‟s cost.[2003 Text 3](铁路公司认为对“受制约的”托运商实行差别收费是合理的，理由是从长远来看，所有人的成本都会减少。)But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.[2014 Text 2](然而，没有哪一个国家的客户能比美国人更有理由抱怨。)【常见义】n [U]土地 n [S]地面

guide /gaId/ n [C] 有指导意义的事物；准则： As a rough guide, allow half a cup of rice per person.（大致定个标准，就是每人半杯米。）The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.[2011 Text 3]（过去，市场营销成功的大致准则就是一分钱一分货。）【常见义】v [T]引导；指导

handsome /5hAnsEm/ adj 相当大的；可观的： a handsome reward（一笔可观的报酬）The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.[2008 Text 2]（这份由澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰•霍顿和经合组织的格雷姆•维克利合作撰写的报告让那些迄今一直获利丰厚的出版商读起来心情沉重。）【常见义】adj 英俊的

harness /5hB:nIs/ v [T] 统治；管理；支配： If you can harness your energy, you will accomplish a great deal.（如果你能控制你的精力，你将获得巨大成功。）And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.[2005 Text 3]（其中一位重要的权威人士表示，梦这种极为强烈的精神活动不仅能被控制，事实上还能被人类有意识地控制，以使我们睡得更好，感觉更好。）【常见义】v [T]给（马等）上挽具；套（马等）hawk /hR:k/ v [T] 叫卖；兜售： Street traders were hawking costume jewellery.（街头小贩正在叫卖不值钱的仿造珠宝。）“There‟s a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist.[2009 Text 2]（纽约大学的社会学家特洛伊·迪斯特说：“那些声称可以提供血统鉴定的人在兜售虚假的准确度”。）【常见义】n [C]鹰；隼

hijack /5haIdVAk/ v [T]把持，控制，使用（本不属于自己的东西）： Environmentalists were accused of hijacking the rally to promote their own aims.（环境保护主义者被指控通过操纵这一集会来促进自身目标的实现。）Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.[2011 Text 3]（例如，社交网络的用户正认识到，他们可以通过控制媒介来对最初创建这些媒介的企业施压。）【常见义】v [T]劫持（飞机或车辆）

hit /hIt/ v [T] 达到（某事物）；至： The yen hit a record high in trading today.（在今日的交易中，日元升值到了历史新高。）As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.[2014 Section I]（许多人一步入中年，往往就开始注意到他们的记忆力没有以前好了，头脑也不如以前清晰了。）【常见义】v [T]打击；撞击

考研英语一熟词僻意

（三）hold /hEUld/ v [T] 持有；怀有（观点或信念）： Experts hold varying opinions as to the causes of the disease.（专家们对该病的起因各持己见。）Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.[2002 Text 4]（虽然裁决规定，宪法没有赋予医生协助病人自杀的权力，但最高法院实际上还是支持“双重效应”的医学原则的。这个延续了数百年的道德原则认为：当某个行为可能出现两种结果时——一个是希望达到的好的结果，另一个是可以预见到的坏的结果——如果行为的执行者期待的只是好的结果，那么这个行为是被允许的。）On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately“occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal‟s privileged powers.[2013 Text 4]（在被推翻的条款中，大多数法官认为国会早已有意“占领了这块领地”，因此亚利桑那州侵犯了联邦政府享有的特权。）【常见义】v [T]握住；拿住

honor /5CnE(r)/ v [T] 给„„以荣誉；向„„表示尊敬： We are here today to honor the men and women who gave their lives for their country.（今天我们在此向那些为祖国献出生命的人们表示敬意。He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.[2010 Text 1]（他于 1967 年被授予爵士称号，是第一个获此殊荣的音乐评论家。）【常见义】n [U]尊敬；荣誉

immune /I5mju:n/ adj 不受某事物影响；不易感受某事物：immune to criticism（不为批评所动摇）Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation‟s assimilative power.” [2006 Text 1]（罗德里格斯指出，全世界偏远山村的孩子们都是像阿诺·施瓦辛格与加思·布鲁克斯这样的超级巨星的影迷或歌迷，然而“一些美国人却担心，居住在美国境内的许多移民不知为何仍对这个国家的同化有免疫力”。）【常见义】adj 有免疫力（因接种疫苗或自发的）

inform /In5fR:m/ v [T] 影响（某人的态度或观点）： Her experience as a refugee informed the content of her latest novel.（她的难民经历影响了她最新推出的小说的内容。）Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.[2015 Part B]（最理想的是，不同阅读方式互相影响，彼此作为有用的参照，或相互制约。）【常见义】v [T]通知

interest /5IntrEst/ n [U]利息：pay interest on a capital sum（付一笔资金的利息）Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.[2000 Part II] 当然，他想要设法获得低利率贷款，但这种贷款不是经常能借到的。

n [C uss pl] 好处；利益：It is in your best interest to cooperate.（合作对你最有利。）As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.[2001 Passage 2]（随着互联网日益商业化，普及上网符合商家利益——因为，上网的人越多，潜在客户就越多。）For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.[2007 Part C]（比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公众利益这样的概念在新闻判断和新闻制作过程中所起的作用就像在法庭上一样。）【常见义】n [U, sing]兴趣

juggle /5dVQgl/ v [I, T]（尤指吃力地）同时应付（几份工作、多项活动等）： It‟s hard trying to juggle a job with kids and the housework.（既要上班，又要带孩子、做家务，实在是太辛苦了。）I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of“juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.[2001 Passage 5]（我发现，放弃“为生活打拼”的信条转向“低速生活”，会带来远比经济成功和社会地位更为丰厚的回报（凯尔西因不堪不断增加的压力辞去了《她》杂志编辑的职务——这件事曾被广泛报道），此后，她或许会与我有同样的发现。）【常见义】v [I, T]玩