第一篇：美国总统奥巴马在 国家圣诞树 亮灯仪式上的讲话

美国总统奥巴马在“国家圣诞树”亮灯仪式上的讲话 2013.12.18 Merry Christmas, everybody!Well, this show is always a great way to get in the holiday spirit.Every year, I rehearse my own little act, just in case.But it seems like, yet again, they couldn’t find space to squeeze me into the program.(Laughter.)You are lucky I’m not singing.大家圣诞快乐！亮灯活动一向是感受节日气氛的很好的方式。每年我都要排练一下我自己的小节目，以防万一。不过看起来，他们又一次无法把我安排到节目中。（笑声）我不唱歌是大家的运气。

First of all, let me thank Secretary Jewell and welcome her to her first Christmas Tree Lighting.She is doing a great job for our national parks.She used to run one of America’s biggest outdoor recreation companies, and now she’s charged with protecting the great outdoors for all of us.So we appreciate her and we want to thank Neil Mulholland and the whole National Park Foundation and National Park Service team for helping to put this beautiful production together.首先，让我感谢朱厄尔部长，并欢迎她第一次参加圣诞树亮灯活动。她为国家公园所做的工作极为出色。她过去执掌美国最大的户外休闲活动公司之一，现在她负责为我们所有人保护我们的大户外。所以，我们向她表示感谢，我们还要感谢尼尔·马尔霍兰和整个国家公园基金会及国家公园管理局团队，他们帮助组织了这场美不胜收的表演。

Let’s also give it up for Jane Lynch and all the great performers who are doing an incredible job putting us in a festive mood tonight.(Applause.)And to all Americans who are here today and watching at home, we are so glad to be part of this wonderful holiday tradition.也让我们为简·林奇和所有出色的演员们鼓掌，今晚，他们令人赞叹的表演让我们沉浸在节日气氛中（掌声）。而且我们要对今天在这里和在家里观看表演的所有美国人说，我们很高兴地参加这一精彩的节日传统活动。

For 91 years, the National Christmas Tree has stood as a beacon of light and a promise during the holiday season.During times of peace and prosperity, challenge and change, Americans have gathered around our national tree to kick off the holiday season and give thanks for everything that makes this time of year so magical--spending time with friends and family, and spreading tidings of peace and goodwill here at home and around the world.91年来，国家圣诞树始终代表着节日期间的灯塔和希望。在和平和繁荣以及挑战和变化的时代，美国人民汇聚在我们的国家圣诞树下，庆祝节日的开始，并对让每年的此时美妙无比的所有事物表达感恩——与亲朋好友共度时光，并在国内和世界各地传播和平及友善的喜讯。

And this year, we give a special measure of gratitude for Nelson Mandela, a man who championed that generosity of spirit.(Applause.)In his life, he blessed us with tremendous grace and unbelievable courage.And we are all privileged to live in a world touched by his goodness.今年，我们向倡导这一慷慨精神的纳尔逊·曼德拉致以特别的谢意（掌声）。他在一生中以高风亮节和难以置信的勇气给我们带来福祉。生活在被其美德触动的世界中是我们所有人的殊荣。

Each Christmas, we celebrate the birth of a child who came into the world with only a stable’s roof to shelter Him.But through a life of humility and the ultimate sacrifice, a life guided by faith and kindness towards others, Christ assumed a mighty voice, teaching us lessons of compassion and charity that have lasted more than two millennia.He ministered to the poor.He embraced the outcast.He healed the sick.And in Him we see a living example of scripture that we ought to love others not only through our words, but also through our deeds.每年圣诞节，我们都庆祝一位在出生时只有马厩的屋顶为他遮风挡雨的婴孩的降生。但是，通过谦卑及付出最大牺牲的一生、由信仰及善待他人引领的一生，耶稣基督发出了强有力的声音，给予我们同情和仁爱的教诲，这些教诲已持续了两千多年。他扶助穷人。他接纳被遗弃者。他治愈病人。在他身上，我们看到经文活生生的典范，教导我们不仅应当通过我们的言词，还应当通过我们的行动去关爱他人。

It’s a message both timeless and universal--no matter what God you pray to, or if you pray to none at all – we all have a responsibility to ourselves and to each other to make a difference that is real and lasting.We are our brother’s keeper.We are our sister’s keeper.这是一条永恒、普世的启示——不管具有何种信仰，亦或根本不信神——我们对自己和彼此都承担着产生切实和持久的影响的责任。我们是我们的兄弟的守护者。我们是我们的姊妹的守护者。

And so in this season of generosity, let’s reach out to those who need help the most.In this season of reflection, let’s make sure that our incredibly brave servicemembers and their families know how much we appreciate their sacrifice.And there are several military families and servicemen and women here tonight.We are so grateful to you for all that you do.(Applause.)

因此，在这慷慨助人的时节，让我们向那些最需要帮助的人伸出援手。在这反思自省的时节，让我们确保我们无比英勇的军人及其家属知道我们是多么地感谢他们所作的牺牲。今晚在场的有几家军人家庭和男女军人。我们非常感谢你们所付出的一切。（掌声）

In this season of hope, let us come together as one people, one family to ensure that we’re doing everything we can to keep America the land of endless opportunity and boundless optimism for which we’re so thankful.在这希望的时节，让我们汇集在一起，作为一国子民和一个大家庭，保证尽我们所能确保美国一直是充满无限机会和无尽乐观精神的土地，我们为此心存感激。

So on behalf of Malia, Sasha, Marian, the First Lady Michelle, plus Bo and Sunny, I want to wish everybody a Merry Christmas and a joyful holiday season.God bless you.God bless our troops.God bless the United States of America.(Applause.)

在此，我代表玛莉娅、萨莎、玛丽安、第一夫人米歇尔，还有波和桑尼，谨祝大家圣诞快乐、节日愉快！愿上帝保佑大家。愿上帝保佑我们的军队。愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。（掌声）

第二篇：美国总统奥巴马在诺贝尔和平奖颁奖典礼上的讲话

美国总统奥巴马在诺贝尔和平奖颁奖典礼上的讲话

美国总统奥巴马12月10日美国总统奥巴马在挪威首都奥斯陆市政厅发表获得诺贝尔和平奖感言，他指出，这个奖表达出人类的最高理想，并战争有时无可避免，但人类应让历史朝着正义的方向前进，以下是讲话全文：

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AT THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE Oslo City Hall, Oslo, Norway

December 10, 2009 奥巴马总统在诺贝尔和平奖颁奖典礼上的讲话 挪威奥斯陆市政大厅 2009年12月10日

Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses，distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world:

国王和王后陛下，各位殿下，杰出的挪威诺贝尔委员会（Norwegian Nobel Committee）委员，美国公民及全世界公民们：

I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility.It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations--that for all the cruelty and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate.Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.获此殊荣，我深怀感激并深表谦恭。这个奖表达出我们的最高理想——尽管这个世界存在种种凶残困苦，但我们并不任命运摆布。我们的行动是有作用的，能够推动历史向正义方向发展。

And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated.(Laughter.)In part, this is because I am at the beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage.Compared to some of the giants of history who‟ve received this prize--Schweitzer and King;Marshall and Mandela--my accomplishments are slight.And then there are the men and women around the world who have been jailed and beaten in the pursuit of justice;those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering;the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most hardened cynics.I cannot argue with those who find these men and women--some known, some obscure to all but those they help--to be far more deserving of this honor than I.不过，如果不坦承你们这项厚爱有加的决定所引起的相当激烈的争议，那我就有失疏忽了。（笑声）其中部分原因是，我在世界舞台上的奋斗才刚刚开始，而不是接近尾声。与曾经获此殊荣的一些历史巨人相比——史怀哲（Schweitzer）和马丁·路德·金(King)；马歇尔(Marshall)和曼德拉(Mandela)——我的成就微不足道。还有全世界为追求正义而遭到监禁和欧打的男女志士；那些为减轻苦难而在人道组织中艰辛工作的人；那千百万默默无闻地以充满勇气和关爱的无声行动让最悲观的愤世嫉俗者也受到感召的人们。我绝不反驳那些认为这样的男女志士——有些知名，有些只为他们所帮助的对象所知 ——远比我有资格获此殊荣的看法。

But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of a nation in the midst of two wars.One of these wars is winding down.The other is a conflict that America did not seek;one in which we are joined by 42 other countries--including Norway--in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.但与我获奖有关的最深层的问题可能在于我是一个正打着两场战争的国家的三军统帅。其中一场战争已接近尾声。另一场并非是美国挑起的冲突；有包括挪威在内的42个国家在与我们共同努力，为的是保护我们及其他所有国家不再遭受攻击。

Still, we are at war, and I‟m responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land.Some will kill, and some will be killed.And so I come here with an acute sense of the costs of armed conflict--filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.然而，我们仍处在战争时期，是我派遣成千上万名美国年轻人远赴战场。有些人要杀射，有些人要被杀射。因此，我是带着对武装冲突的代价的敏锐感觉来到这里的——心中充满有关战争与和平的关系以及我们为用和平取代战争而努力的难题。

Now these questions are not new.War, in one form or another, appeared with the first man.At the dawn of history, its morality was not questioned;it was simply a fact, like drought or disease--the manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.而这些问题并不新鲜。战争，以这样或那样的形式，随着人类的诞生而出现。在历史初期，战争的道义性无人质疑；它是如同干旱或疾病一样的现实——是各个部落以及后来的各种文明谋求权力和解决分歧的方式。

And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and statesmen seek to regulate the destructive power of war.The concept of a “just war” emerged, suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is waged as a last resort or in self-defense;if the force used is proportional;and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared from violence.后来，随着旨在控制群体内部暴力的规范的出现，哲学家、宗教领袖和政治家也纷纷致力于用条文限制战争的破坏力。“正义战争”的概念由此形成，亦即认为，在符合以下几个具体条件时，战争是正义的：如果战争是最后手段或是为自我防御；如果武力程度适当；以及在一切可能的情况下不对平民使用暴力。

Of course, we know that for most of history, this concept of “just war” was rarely observed.The capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exempt from mercy those who look different or pray to a different God.Wars between armies gave way to wars between nations--total wars in which the distinction between combatant and civilian became blurred.In the span of 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent.And while it‟s hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the Axis powers, World War II was a conflict in which the total number of civilians who died exceeded the number of soldiers who perished.当然，我们都知道，在人类历史的大部分时间内，这种“正义战争”的概念鲜被理会。人类显然有无穷的能力不断想出新的方式相互残杀，同样也有无穷的能力毫不怜惜那些外貌不同或信仰不同的人。军队之间的战争变成国家间的战争——模糊了战斗人员与平民界线的全面战争。这种战争大屠杀曾在30年内两度侵吞这块大陆。虽然难以设想还有什么比击败第三帝国（Third Reich）和轴心国（Axis powers）更正义的事业，但在第二次世界大战中死亡的平民总数超过了战死疆场的军人。

In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to

victor and vanquished alike that the world needed institutions to prevent another world war.And so, a quarter century after the United States Senate rejected the League of Nations--an idea for which Woodrow Wilson received this prize--America led the world in constructing an architecture to keep the peace: a Marshall Plan and a United Nations, mechanisms to govern the waging of war, treaties to protect human rights, prevent genocide, restrict the most dangerous weapons.在这种毁灭之后，并且随着核时代的到来，战胜者与战败者同样清楚地认识到，这个世界需要有防止另一次世界大战的机制。为此，在美国参议院拒绝接受国际联盟（League of Nations）的四分之一世纪后——而伍德罗·威尔逊（Woodrow Wilson）正因为提出成立国联的设想而荣获诺贝尔和平奖，美国带动世界建起维护和平的体制：马歇尔计划(Marshall Plan)和联合国，对发动战争的规范，以及保护人权、防止种族灭绝大屠杀和限制最危险武器的各项条约。

In many ways, these efforts succeeded.Yes, terrible wars have been fought, and atrocities committed.But there has been no Third World War.The Cold War ended with jubilant crowds dismantling a wall.Commerce has stitched much of the world together.Billions have been lifted from poverty.The ideals of liberty and self-determination, equality and the rule of law have haltingly advanced.We are the heirs of the fortitude and foresight of generations past, and it is a legacy for which my own country is rightfully proud.这些努力在很多方面获得了成功。不错，可怕的战争仍然发生，种种暴行依然出现，但第三次世界大战没有爆发。冷战以兴高采烈的人群推倒一堵墙而告结束；商贸将世界大片地区紧密连在了一起；数十亿人口摆脱了贫困；自由、自决、平等和法治的理想断断续续地向前推进。我们是先辈们的坚韧精神和远大目光的继承人，这是我自己的国家有理由为之感到骄傲的业绩。

And yet, a decade into a new century, this old architecture is buckling under the weight of new threats.The world may no longer shudder at the prospect of war between two nuclear superpowers, but proliferation may increase the risk of catastrophe.Terrorism has long been a tactic, but modern technology allows a few small men with outsized rage to murder innocents on a horrific scale.然而，在进入新世纪已10年之际，这一旧有的架构正在越来越难撑新生威胁的重压。世界或许不再为两个超级核大国之间可能发生战争而颤栗，但核扩散可能会增加发生巨大灾难的危险。恐怖主义一贯是一种手段，但现代技术会使少数怒火超量的小人以可怕的规模残杀无辜。

Moreover, wars between nations have increasingly given way to wars within nations.The resurgence of ethnic or sectarian conflicts;the growth of secessionist movements, insurgencies, and failed states--all these things have increasingly trapped civilians in unending chaos.In today‟s wars, many more civilians are killed than soldiers;the seeds of future conflict are sown, economies are wrecked, civil societies torn asunder, refugees amassed, children scarred.而且，国与国的战争正在日益被国家内部的战争所取代。民族和宗派冲突的重新抬头、分离主义运动、叛乱活动和失控国家的增加，都越来越将平民困于无休止的**中。在今天的战争中，平民的死亡大大超过军人；埋下未来冲突的种子；破坏经济；摧毁公民社会；形成大批难民；使儿童遭受创伤。

I do not bring with me today a definitive solution to the problems of war.What I do know is that meeting these challenges will require the same vision, hard work, and persistence of those

men and women who acted so boldly decades ago.And it will require us to think in new ways about the notions of just war and the imperatives of a just peace.我今天没有带来对战争问题的决定性解决办法。但我确知，应对这些挑战要求具有几十年前那些英勇无畏的前辈所具有的远见、勤劳和坚韧不拔。这需要我们从新的角度思考正义战争的含义和正义和平的必备条件。

We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth: We will not eradicate violent conflict in our lifetimes.There will be times when nations--acting inpidually or in concert--will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.我们必须首先承认这个严峻的现实：在我们的有生之年，我们不会根除暴力冲突。会有一些时候，国家——不论是单独或共同行动——发现使用武力不仅必要，而且为道义所需。

I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King Jr.said in this same ceremony years ago: “Violence never brings permanent peace.It solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicated ones.” As someone who stands here as a direct consequence of Dr.King‟s life work, I am living testimony to the moral force of non-violence.I know there‟s nothing weak--nothing passive--nothing na?ve--in the creed and lives of Gandhi and King.我说这番话时并没有忘记马丁·路德·金（Martin Luther King Jr.）多年前在这同一仪式上说过的话：“暴力永远不会带来持久和平。它解决不了社会问题：只会制造新的、更复杂的问题”。我站在这里，作为金博士毕生奋斗的直接受益者，就是对非暴力的道义力量的活见证。我知道在甘地（Gandhi）和马丁·路德·金的信念与人生中，绝无软弱——绝无消极——绝无天真。

But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone.I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American people.For make no mistake: Evil does exist in the world.A non-violent movement could not have halted Hitler‟s armies.Negotiations cannot convince al Qaeda‟s leaders to lay down their arms.To say that force may sometimes be necessary is not a call to cynicism--it is a recognition of history;the imperfections of man and the limits of reason.但是，作为宣誓保卫自己国家的一国元首，我不能只以他们的榜样为指南。我面对的世界是现实的世界，我不能面对美国人民遭到的威胁无动于衷。因为，切莫误会：邪恶在世界上确实存在。一场非暴力运动不可能阻止希特勒的军队。谈判不能说服基地（al Qaeda）组织的头目放下武器。说武力有时是必要的并不是让大家变得愤世嫉俗——这是承认历史；是人类的不完美和情理的限度。

I raise this point, I begin with this point because in many countries there is a deep ambivalence about military action today, no matter what the cause.And at times, this is joined by a reflexive suspicion of America, the world‟s sole military superpower.我说起这一点，我以这一点开头，因为今天在许多国家，对军事行动，不管出于什么理由，都存在一种深深的矛盾心理。有时候，这种矛盾又掺杂着对美国，这个世界上惟一的超级大国的一种反射性的不信任。

But the world must remember that it was not simply international institutions--not just treaties and declarations--that brought stability to a post-World War II world.Whatever mistakes we have made, the plain fact is this: The United States of America has helped underwrite global security for more than six decades with the blood of our citizens and the strength of our arms.The service and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform has promoted peace and prosperity from Germany to Korea, and enabled democracy to take hold in places like the Balkans.We have borne this burden not because we seek to impose our will.We have done so out of enlightened self-interest--because we seek a better future for our children and grandchildren, and we believe that their lives will be better if others‟ children and grandchildren can live in freedom and prosperity.但世人必须记住，不简单地是因为国际体制——不只是条约和宣言——才给二战后的世界带来稳定。不管我们犯了多少错误，一个明白的事实是：美利坚合众国在60 多年里，以自己公民的鲜血和军力，帮助维护和保证了世界的安全。我们的男女军人的贡献与牺牲促进了从德国到韩国的和平与繁荣，使民主能在像巴尔干这样的地方扎根。我们承受这些重负并不是因为我们谋求强加我们的意志。我们这样做是出于开化的自身利益——因为我们为我们的子子孙孙追求更美好的未来。我们相信如果别人的子子孙孙能生活在自由和繁荣中，他们的生活会更好。

So yes, the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving the peace.And yet this truth must coexist with another--that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy.The soldier‟s courage and sacrifice is full of glory, expressing devotion to country, to cause, to comrades in arms.But war itself is never glorious, and we must never trumpet it as such.所以，是的，战争的手段确实在保卫和平中具有作用。但这个事实必须同另一个事实共存——不管理由多么正当，战争导致人间悲剧。军人的勇敢和牺牲无比光荣，表达了对国家、事业、战友的忠诚。但战争本身决不光荣，我们决不能如此宣扬。

So part of our challenge is reconciling these two seemingly inreconcilable truths--that war is sometimes necessary, and war at some level is an expression of human folly.Concretely, we must direct our effort to the task that President Kennedy called for long ago.“Let us focus,” he said, “on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions.” A gradual evolution of human institutions.因此，我们面对的挑战部分来自于调和这两个看似不可调和的事实——战争有时必要，战争在某种程度上是人类愚蠢的表现。具体说，我们必须把我们的努力放在肯尼迪总统（Kennedy）很久以前所指出的使命上。他说：“让我们把注意力，集中在更实际，更能取得的和平上，这种和平不是基于人类本性的突发革命，而是基于人类体制的逐渐演进。”

What might this evolution look like? What might these practical steps be?

这种演进可能具有何种形式？哪些可能是切实可行的步骤？

To begin with, I believe that all nations--strong and weak alike--must adhere to standards that govern the use of force.I--like any head of state--reserve the right to act unilaterally if necessary to defend my nation.Nevertheless, I am convinced that adhering to standards, international standards, strengthens those who do, and isolates and weakens those who don‟t.首先，我认为所有国家，无论强弱，都必须遵循对使用武力的规范。与任何国家元首一样，我保留在必要时采取单边行动保卫自己国家的权利。然而，我确信遵循标准——国际标准——的国家更有力量，而那些不遵循标准的国家会陷于孤立，并且被削弱。

The world rallied around America after the 9/11 attacks, and continues to support our efforts in

Afghanistan, because of the horror of those senseless attacks and the recognized principle of self-defense.Likewise, the world recognized the need to confront Saddam Hussein when he invaded Kuwait--a consensus that sent a clear message to all about the cost of aggression.“9.11” 之后，全世界团结一致，与美国站在一起，并在今天继续支持我们在阿富汗的努力，这是滥杀无辜的残忍与公认的自卫原则使然。同样，当萨达姆·侯赛因（Saddam Hussein）入侵科威特时，世界也认识到必须与其抗衡。这一共识发出的清晰信息是：侵略必须付出代价。

Furthermore, America--in fact, no nation--can insist that others follow the rules of the road if we refuse to follow them ourselves.For when we don‟t, our actions appear arbitrary and undercut the legitimacy of future interventions, no matter how justified.另外，美国──以及任何国家──都不能在自己拒绝遵守规则时要求别人遵守规则。如果我们不以身作则，我们的行动就会表现为专横武断，使未来进行干预的合理性受到影响，无论理由多么充足。

And this becomes particularly important when the purpose of military action extends beyond self-defense or the defense of one nation against an aggressor.More and more, we all confront difficult questions about how to prevent the slaughter of civilians by their own government, or to stop a civil war whose violence and suffering can engulf an entire region.当军事行动的目的超越了自卫或帮助某一国抵抗侵略者的防卫行动时，这一点变得尤其重要。我们大家都越来越多地面对棘手的问题：如何防止一国政府屠杀本国的平民？如何制止一场其暴行和所导致的痛苦会殃及整个地区的内战?

I believe that force can be justified on humanitarian grounds, as it was in the Balkans, or in other places that have been scarred by war.Inaction tears at our conscience and can lead to more costly intervention later.That‟s why all responsible nations must embrace the role that militaries with a clear mandate can play to keep the peace.我认为，基于人道理由的武力是正当的，例如在巴尔干地区或饱经战乱的其他地区。不采取行动不仅折磨我们的良心，还会导致未来以更高的代价进行干预。因此，所有负责任的国家都必须相信使命明确的军事行动所能够发挥的维护和平作用。（音频至此）

America‟s commitment to global security will never waver.But in a world in which threats are more diffuse, and missions more complex, America cannot act alone.America alone cannot secure the peace.This is true in Afghanistan.This is true in failed states like Somalia, where terrorism and piracy is joined by famine and human suffering.And sadly, it will continue to be true in unstable regions for years to come.美国将矢志不渝地致力于确保全球安全。然而，在这个威胁日益蔓延、使命日趋复杂的世界里，美国不能独自行动。美国独自行动不能带来和平。在阿富汗如此，在恐怖主义和海盗伴随饥荒肆虐、人民受苦受难的索马里等政府失控的国家也是如此。不幸的是，这种状况在今后岁月里会继续存在于动荡地区。

The leaders and soldiers of NATO countries, and other friends and allies, demonstrate this truth through the capacity and courage they‟ve shown in Afghanistan.But in many countries, there is a disconnect between the efforts of those who serve and the ambivalence of the broader public.I understand why war is not popular, but I also know this: The belief that peace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it.Peace requires responsibility.Peace entails sacrifice.That‟s why NATO continues to be indispensable.That‟s why we must strengthen U.N.and regional peacekeeping, and not leave the task to a few countries.That‟s why we honor those who return home from peacekeeping and training abroad to Oslo and Rome;to Ottawa and Sydney;to Dhaka and Kigali--we honor them not as makers of war, but of wagers--but as wagers of peace.在阿富汗，北约国家以及其他友邦和盟国的领导人和军人以自身能力和勇气证实了上述论断。可是，在许多国家中，奉献者作出的努力与公众的矛盾心理之间存在脱节。我理解战争不受欢迎的原因，但我也知道：单凭向往和平的美好意愿很少能够带来和平。和平需要承担责任。和平需要作出牺牲。这是继续不能没有北约的原因。这是我们必须加强联合国及地区维和行动，不能将此重任推卸给少数几个国家的原因。因此，无论是在奥斯陆或罗马、渥太华或悉尼、达卡或基加利，我们都对那些完成维和行动与海外培训任务归来的军人给予极大的荣誉，因为他们不是战争制造者，而是和平缔造者。

Let me make one final point about the use of force.Even as we make difficult decisions about going to war, we must also think clearly about how we fight it.The Nobel Committee recognized this truth in awarding its first prize for peace to Henry Dunant--the founder of the Red Cross, and a driving force behind the Geneva Conventions.请允许我对使用武力的问题最后再说明一点。即使我们对出兵参战一事作出了艰难的决定，我们还必须认真考虑我们如何参加作战。诺贝尔委员会在向亨利·杜南（Henry Dunant）颁发第一个和平奖时认识到这一点。亨利·杜南是红十字会（Red Cross）创始人、《日内瓦公约》（Geneva Conventions）的幕后推动力量。

Where force is necessary, we have a moral and strategic interest in binding ourselves to certain rules of conduct.And even as we confront a vicious adversary that abides by no rules, I believe the United States of America must remain a standard bearer in the conduct of war.That is what makes us different from those whom we fight.That is a source of our strength.That is why I prohibited torture.That is why I ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed.And that is why I have reaffirmed America‟s commitment to abide by the Geneva Conventions.We lose ourselves when we compromise the very ideals that we fight to defend.(Applause.)And we honor--we honor those ideals by upholding them not when it‟s easy, but when it is hard.凡有必要使用武力的地方，我们出于道义与战略上的考虑，需要受某些行为准则的制约。即使我们遇到不遵守任何规则的邪恶对手，我认为美利坚合众国也必须一如既往成为遵守战争规范的楷模。这就是我们区别于作战对手的地方。这就是我们力量的源泉。这就是我禁止酷刑的原因。这就是我下令关闭关塔那摩湾监狱的原因。这就是我重申美国坚决遵守《日内瓦公约》的原因。我们为保卫自己的理想而战，如果我们放弃这些理想，我们就会自取其咎。（掌声）我们维护——我们维护这些理想，不论如何顺利，也不论如何艰难，都对这些理想恪守不渝。

I have spoken at some length to the question that must weigh on our minds and our hearts as we choose to wage war.But let me now turn to our effort to avoid such tragic choices, and speak of three ways that we can build a just and lasting peace.我刚才比较详细地谈到我们在选择出兵参战之际，必须深思熟虑的问题。现在让我转而谈一谈我们为避免这类悲剧性的选择进行的努力，谈一谈我们维护正义和缔造持久和平的三个途径。

First, in dealing with those nations that break rules and laws, I believe that we must develop alternatives to violence that are tough enough to actually change behavior--for if we want a lasting peace, then the words of the international community must mean something.Those

regimes that break the rules must be held accountable.Sanctions must exact a real price.Intransigence must be met with increased pressure--and such pressure exists only when the world stands together as one.首先，对于那些不遵守规则和法律的国家，我认为我们必须采取一些除武力之外的其他方式，但需要有足以改变其行为方式的强硬措施——因为如果我们希望实现持久和平，那么国际社会说的话必须算数。不遵守规则的国家必须承担责任。各种制裁必须迫使对方付出实际的代价。如果拒不悔改，则必须施加更大的压力借以抗衡 ——全世界只有通力合作才有可能施加这样的压力。

One urgent example is the effort to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and to seek a world without them.In the middle of the last century, nations agreed to be bound by a treaty whose bargain is clear: All will have access to peaceful nuclear power;those without nuclear weapons will forsake them;and those with nuclear weapons will work towards disarmament.I am committed to upholding this treaty.It is a centerpiece of my foreign policy.And I‟m working with President Medvedev to reduce America and Russia‟s nuclear stockpiles.举例来说，努力防止核武器扩散，争取一个没有核武器的世界是一项迫在眉睫的工作。上世纪中叶，各国同意受一项条约的约束，其内容十分明确：各国都可以和平使用核能；没有核武器的国家将不谋求核武器；拥有核武器的国家将努力裁减核军备。我坚决支持这项条约。这是我采取的外交政策的核心。我正与梅德韦杰夫（Medvedev）总统为削减美国和俄罗斯的核军备进行合作。

But it is also incumbent upon all of us to insist that nations like Iran and North Korea do not game the system.Those who claim to respect international law cannot avert their eyes when those laws are flouted.Those who care for their own security cannot ignore the danger of an arms race in the Middle East or East Asia.Those who seek peace cannot stand idly by as nations arm themselves for nuclear war.但我们大家也都有责任坚决不允许伊朗和北韩等国家玩弄这个制度。声称尊重国际法的人不能在这些法律遭到践踏时视而不见。关心自己安全的人无法忽视中东或东亚地区军备竞赛的危险。希望和平的人不可在一些国家为发动核战争建立军备时袖手旁观。

The same principle applies to those who violate international laws by brutalizing their own people.When there is genocide in Darfur, systematic rape in Congo, repression in Burma--there must be consequences.Yes, there will be engagement;yes, there will be diplomacy--but there must be consequences when those things fail.And the closer we stand together, the less likely we will be faced with the choice between armed intervention and complicity in oppression.同样的原则也适用于那些违反国际法，残酷压榨本国人民的人。当达尔富尔地区出现种族大屠杀，当刚果发生层出不穷的强奸事件，当缅甸采取镇压行动的时候——必然会产生后果。是的，会进行接触，也会有外交行动——但当这些做法无法奏效时，必然会产生后果。我们如果更密切地合作，就很少有必要在武装干预和纵容专制压迫之间进行选择。

This brings me to a second point--the nature of the peace that we seek.For peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict.Only a just peace based on the inherent rights and dignity of every inpidual can truly be lasting.这就关系到我要讲的第二点——我们所寻求的和平的性质。和平并不仅仅意味着没有可见的冲突，只有基于每个人与

生俱来的权利和尊严正义的和平才是真正的持久和平。

It was this insight that drove drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights after the Second World War.In the wake of devastation, they recognized that if human rights are not protected, peace is a hollow promise.在第二次世界大战以后，正是这种真知灼见给了《世界人权宣言》（Universal Declaration of Human Rights）的起草者们以动力。在巨大的灾难之后，他们意识到，如果人权得不到保护，那么和平只是空洞的承诺。

And yet too often, these words are ignored.For some countries, the failure to uphold human rights is excused by the false suggestion that these are somehow Western principles, foreign to local cultures or stages of a nation‟s development.And within America, there has long been a tension between those who describe themselves as realists or idealists--a tension that suggests a stark choice between the narrow pursuit of interests or an endless campaign to impose our values around the world.但是，人权宣言被漠视的状况屡见不鲜。某些国家将人权原则是西方原则、与当地文化格格不入、不符合国家发展阶段等作为不维护人权的不实借口。在美国，那些自称为现实主义者或理想主义者的人之间，长期以来也存在矛盾——它代表着在狭隘地谋求利益与无休止地在全世界推行我们的价值观之间的僵化选择。

I reject these choices.I believe that peace is unstable where citizens are denied the right to speak freely or worship as they please;choose their own leaders or assemble without fear.Pent-up grievances fester, and the suppression of tribal and religious identity can lead to violence.We also know that the opposite is true.Only when Europe became free did it finally find peace.America has never fought a war against a democracy, and our closest friends are governments that protect the rights of their citizens.No matter how callously defined, neither America‟s interests--nor the world‟s--are served by the denial of human aspirations.我拒绝这些选择。我认为，在那些公民无权自由发表意见或按照自己的意愿信教、不能选择自己的领导人或自由集会的地方，和平是不稳定的。被压抑的不满情绪会激起怨恨，压制部族和宗教的认同可能引发暴力反抗。我们也知道其实相反的情况。欧洲在赢得自由之后才最终享有和平。美国从来没有同民主国家交战，我们最亲密的友邦也都是保护其公民权利的政府。不管多么苛刻地界定，压制人的理想不会有利于美国的利益，也不会有利于世界的利益。

So even as we respect the unique culture and traditions of different countries, America will always be a voice for those aspirations that are universal.We will bear witness to the quiet dignity of reformers like Aung Sang Suu Kyi;to the bravery of Zimbabweans who cast their ballots in the face of beatings;to the hundreds of thousands who have marched silently through the streets of Iran.It is telling that the leaders of these governments fear the aspirations of their own people more than the power of any other nation.And it is the responsibility of all free people and free nations to make clear that these movements--these movements of hope and history--they have us on their side.因此，即使在我们尊重不同国家的独特文化和传统的同时，美国仍将一如既往地为这些全人类共同的理想而大声疾呼。我们将为昂山素季（Aung Sang Suu Kyi）那样具有沉静尊严的改革者见证；为不惧殴打而参加投票的津巴布韦人的勇气见证；为成千上万名在伊朗街头默默游行的人见证。这些都说明，那些政府的领导人对本国人民的理想的畏惧甚于任何其他国家的力量。全世界所有自由的人民和自由的国家都有责任明确宣告，我们站在这些行动——希望和历史的行动——的一边。

Let me also say this: The promotion of human rights cannot be about exhortation alone.At times, it must be coupled with painstaking diplomacy.I know that engagement with repressive regimes lacks the satisfying purity of indignation.But I also know that sanctions without outreach--condemnation without discussion--can carry forward only a crippling status quo.No repressive regime can move down a new path unless it has the choice of an open door.我还要这样说：促进人权不能仅限于规劝告诫。有时还必须辅以艰苦的外交努力。我知道，与压制性政权接触没有义愤填膺来得畅快。我也知道，如果一味制裁而没有主动接触，如果一味谴责而没有对话，只能保持一个有害的现状。任何压制性政权都不可能改弦易辙，除非它们有可以选择的出路。

In light of the Cultural Revolution‟s horrors, Nixon‟s meeting with Mao appeared inexcusable--and yet it surely helped set China on a path where millions of its citizens have been lifted from poverty and connected to open societies.Pope John Paul‟s engagement with Poland created space not just for the Catholic Church, but for labor leaders like Lech Walesa.Ronald Reagan‟s efforts on arms control and embrace of perestroika not only improved relations with the Soviet Union, but empowered dissidents throughout Eastern Europe.There‟s no simple formula here.But we must try as best we can to balance isolation and engagement, pressure and incentives, so that human rights and dignity are advanced over time.鉴于文化大革命的种种恐怖，尼克松与毛泽东的会晤似乎不可饶恕——但是，这确实帮助中国走上了另一条道路，千百万中国人摆脱了贫困并与开放社会建立了联系。教皇约翰·保罗（Pope John Paul）与波兰的接触不仅为天主教教会，也为列赫·瓦文萨（Lech Walesa）等工会领袖拓宽了空间。罗纳德·里根（Ronald Reagan）为武器控制所作的努力以及对苏联改革的欢迎不仅与苏联改善了关系，也给整个东欧的持不同政见者增添了力量。这里并没有一个简单的公式，但我们必须尽可能在孤立与接触、施压与鼓励之间找到平衡，以使人权和尊严能够与时俱进。

Third, a just peace includes not only civil and political rights--it must encompass economic security and opportunity.For true peace is not just freedom from fear, but freedom from want.第三，正义的和平不仅包括公民和政治权利——它还必须包括经济安全保障与机会。因为真正的和平不仅摆脱恐惧，而且无乏匮之虞。

It is undoubtedly true that development rarely takes root without security;it is also true that security does not exist where human beings do not have access to enough food, or clean water, or the medicine and shelter they need to survive.It does not exist where children can‟t aspire to a decent education or a job that supports a family.The absence of hope can rot a society from within.无可置疑，如果没有安全保障，发展难以扎根；同样肯定的是，在人们缺少生存所需的衣食，净水、医药和住所的地方，不会有安全。在孩子没有希望受到良好教育或人们没有可能得到工作养家的地方，不会有安全。无望会使社会从内部恶化。

And that‟s why helping farmers feed their own people--or nations educate their children and care for the sick--is not mere charity.It‟s also why the world must come together to confront climate change.There is little scientific dispute that if we do nothing, we will face more drought, more famine, more mass displacement--all of which will fuel more conflict for decades.For this reason, it is not merely scientists and environmental activists who call for swift and

forceful action--it‟s military leaders in my own country and others who understand our common security hangs in the balance.因此，帮助农民养活本国人民——或帮助一个国家教育本国儿童并照顾病患——不仅仅是慈善之举。这也是全世界必须共同应对气候变化的原因。几乎毫无争议的科学事实是，如果我们无所行动，我们将面临更多的干旱、更多的饥荒、更大规模的流离失所——所有这一切都将在未来几十年引发更大冲突。为此，不仅是科学家和环保人士呼吁采取迅速和有力的行动——我国和其他国家的军事领袖也都知道，我们的共同安全处在紧要关头。

Agreements among nations.Strong institutions.Support for human rights.Investments in development.All these are vital ingredients in bringing about the evolution that President Kennedy spoke about.And yet, I do not believe that we will have the will, the determination, the staying power, to complete this work without something more--and that‟s the continued expansion of our moral imagination;an insistence that there‟s something irreducible that we all share.各国间的协议。强有力的机制。对人权的支持。投资于发展。所有这一切都是实现肯尼迪总统所说的逐渐演进的至关重要的要素。然而，我认为，如果没有另一个要素，我们就不会有意志、决心、持久力去完成这项工作——而这便是我们不断扩展的道德想象力；一个对我们共同享有某种无法削弱的东西的坚定信念。

As the world grows smaller, you might think it would be easier for human beings to recognize how similar we are;to understand that we‟re all basically seeking the same things;that we all hope for the chance to live out our lives with some measure of happiness and fulfillment for ourselves and our families.随着世界越来越小，人们可能认为，人类会更容易认识到我们是多么相似；懂得我们基本上都在追求同样的东西；我们都希望在我们一生中，给我们自己和我们的家人带来某种程度的幸福感和满足感。

And yet somehow, given the dizzying pace of globalization, the cultural leveling of modernity, it perhaps comes as no surprise that people fear the loss of what they cherish in their particular identities--their race, their tribe, and perhaps most powerfully their religion.In some places, this fear has led to conflict.At times, it even feels like we‟re moving backwards.We see it in the Middle East, as the conflict between Arabs and Jews seems to harden.We see it in nations that are torn asunder by tribal lines.但是，由于全球化令人眩目的进程以及现代化带来的文化趋同，人们担心丧失他们所珍视的自身特征——他们的种族、部族，以及也许最强有力的，他们的宗教。在有些地方，这种担心导致冲突。有时，我们甚至好像在倒退。在中东，随着阿拉伯人与犹太人之间的冲突似乎深化，我们看到了这种情形。我们在因部族间的冲突而四分五裂的国家看到这种情形。

And most dangerously, we see it in the way that religion is used to justify the murder of innocents by those who have distorted and defiled the great religion of Islam, and who attacked my country from Afghanistan.These extremists are not the first to kill in the name of God;the cruelties of the Crusades are amply recorded.But they remind us that no Holy War can ever be a just war.For if you truly believe that you are carrying out pine will, then there is no need for restraint--no need to spare the pregnant mother, or the medic, or the Red Cross worker, or even a person of one‟s own faith.Such a warped view of religion is not just incompatible with the concept of peace, but I believe it‟s incompatible with the very purpose of

faith--for the one rule that lies at the heart of every major religion is that we do unto others as we would have them do unto us.最危险的是，我们看到，宗教是怎样被那些歪曲并玷污伟大的伊斯兰教，以及那些从阿富汗向我国发动攻击的人当作谋杀无辜的借口。这些极端分子不是第一批以上帝名义进行屠杀的人；对十字军（Crusades）的暴行有大量记录。但是这些提醒我们，圣战绝不会是正义的战争。因为如果当人真的认为自己是在替天行道时，就根本不必有所收敛——不必对孕妇、对医务人员、对红十字会工作者、甚或有自身宗教信仰的人留情。这样一种扭曲的宗教观不仅与和平的理念不相容，而且我认为它与信仰的目的本身不相容——因为每一个主要宗教的核心教义都是，己所不欲，勿施于人。

Adhering to this law of love has always been the core struggle of human nature.For we are fallible.We make mistakes, and fall victim to the temptations of pride, and power, and sometimes evil.Even those of us with the best of intentions will at times fail to right the wrongs before us.坚持爱的法则常常是人性挣扎的主要内容。人难免要犯错误，我们会做错事，我们会受自负、权力、有时甚至邪念所诱。即使是我们中那些最怀善意的人们有时也未能改斜纠偏。

But we do not have to think that human nature is perfect for us to still believe that the human condition can be perfected.We do not have to live in an idealized world to still reach for those ideals that will make it a better place.The non-violence practiced by men like Gandhi and King may not have been practical or possible in every circumstance, but the love that they preached--their fundamental faith in human progress--that must always be the North Star that guides us on our journey.然而，即使我们知道人性不是完美的，我们仍然可以相信，人类的状态是可以改善的；即使我们生活其中的世界不是个理想世界，我们仍然能够追求让它变得更美好的理想。甘地与马丁·路德·金等人所实践的非暴力也许不是在所有情形下都切合实际或者可行，但他们所宣扬的爱——即他们对于人类进步的基本信念——必须永远是指引我们前行的北斗星。

For if we lose that faith--if we dismiss it as silly or na?ve;if we porce it from the decisions that we make on issues of war and peace--then we lose what‟s best about humanity.We lose our sense of possibility.We lose our moral compass.因为，如果我们丧失了那个信念——如果我们觉得它愚蠢或过于天真而不屑一顾；如果我们在就战争与和平问题决策时抛开了它——那么我们就丧失了人性中最美好的东西，我们就失去了能为的信念，我们就失去了道德指南针。

Like generations have before us, we must reject that future.As Dr.King said at this occasion so many years ago, “I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of history.I refuse to accept the idea that the „isness‟ of man‟s present condition makes him morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal „oughtness‟ that forever confronts him.”

和以往世世代代的人们一样，我们必须拒绝接受这样的未来。多年前，金博士在同样的场合曾经说道：“我拒绝接受以绝望作为对历史含糊性的最后反应。我拒绝接受所谓反映人类现实状况的‘实然’(isness)使其无法从道义上达到永远需要面对的终极‘应然’（oughtness）。”

Let us reach for the world that ought to be--that spark of the pine that still stirs within each of our souls.(Applause.)

让我们努力达到世界应该达到的境界——神圣的火花仍然在我们每一个人的灵魂中激荡。（掌声）

Somewhere today, in the here and now, in the world as it is, a soldier sees he‟s outgunned, but stands firm to keep the peace.Somewhere today, in this world, a young protestor awaits the brutality of her government, but has the courage to march on.Somewhere today, a mother facing punishing poverty still takes the time to teach her child, scrapes together what few coins she has to send that child to school--because she believes that a cruel world still has a place for that child‟s dreams.今天，在某一个地方，此时此刻，在现实的世界上，一名士兵知道自己势薄力单，但仍然坚定地维护和平。今天，在某一个地方，在这个世界上，一位年轻的示威者知道将受到政府的残酷镇压，但她仍然有勇气大步前进。今天，在某一个地方，一位母亲受尽贫困的折磨，但仍然不惜花时间教育自己的孩子，凑集仅有的一些零钱送孩子上学——因为她相信，在这个残酷的世界上，仍然有一线空间可以实现孩子的梦想。

Let us live by their example.We can acknowledge that oppression will always be with us, and still strive for justice.We can admit the intractability of depravation, and still strive for dignity.Clear-eyed, we can understand that there will be war, and still strive for peace.We can do that--for that is the story of human progress;that‟s the hope of all the world;and at this moment of challenge, that must be our work here on Earth.让我们以他们为榜样生活。我们可以承认，压迫将经常伴随着我们，但我们仍奋力争取正义。我们可以认为，腐化难以消除，但我们仍积极要求获得尊严。保持清醒的头脑，我们可以知道，战争将会爆发，但我们仍努力争取和平。我们可以做到——因为这是人类进步的历程；这是全世界的希望；在当前面临挑战的时刻，这必须是我们在全球从事的工作。

Thank you very much.(Applause.)

多谢诸位。（掌声）

第三篇：美国总统奥巴马在联合国大会上的讲话

2009年9月3日，在第64届联合国大会开始一般性辩论之际，美国总统奥巴马出席会议并发表讲话。以下是讲话全文： Remarks by the U.S.President to the United Nations Gerneral Assembly United Nations Headquarters September 23, 2009

美国总统奥巴马在联合国大会上的讲话 联合国总部 2009年9月23日

Good morning.Mr.President, Mr.Secretary General, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen, it is my honor to address you for the first time as the 44th President of the United States.(Applause.)I come before you humbled by the responsibility that the American people have placed upon me, mindful of the enormous challenges of our moment in history, and determined to act boldly and collectively on behalf of justice and prosperity at home and abroad.早上好。主席先生、秘书长先生、各位代表，女士们、先生们：我荣幸地作为美国第44任总统首次在这里发表讲话。（掌声）站在各位面前，美国人民赋予我的重任令我不胜荣幸；我深知我们这个历史时期所面临的巨大挑战；并决意为了国内外的正义和繁荣而采取大胆的集体行动。

I have been in office for just nine months--though some days it seems a lot longer.I am well aware of the expectations that accompany my presidency around the world.These expectations are not about me.Rather, they are rooted, I believe, in a discontent with a status quo that has allowed us to be increasingly defined by our differences, and outpaced by our problems.But they are also rooted in hope--the hope that real change is possible, and the hope that America will be a leader in bringing about such change.我就任总统只有9个月——但在有些日子里这段时间却显得漫长。我深知全世界对我就任总统的瞩望。在我看来，这些瞩望并非针对我个人，而是植根于一种对现状的不满，因为我们越来越被分歧所左右，疲于应付种种问题。但这些瞩望亦植根于希望——希望真正的变革有可能实现，希望美国在推动这种变革的过程中走在前面。

I took office at a time when many around the world had come to view America with skepticism and distrust.Part of this was due to misperceptions and misinformation about my country.Part of this was due to opposition to specific policies, and a belief that on certain critical issues, America has acted unilaterally, without regard for the interests of others.And this has fed an almost reflexive anti-Americanism, which too often has served as an excuse for collective inaction.在我就任总统时，全世界有很多人用怀疑和不信任的眼光看待美国，其中部分原因是对我国的误解和信息失实，还有一部分原因是对具体政策的反对，认为美国在某些关键问题上采取单边行动，不考虑他人的利益。这滋长了一种几乎是反射性的反美主义，而这种情绪又往往成为我们不采取集体行动的借口。

Now, like all of you, my responsibility is to act in the interest of my nation and my people, and I will never apologize for defending those interests.But it is my deeply held belief that in the year 2009--more than at any point in human history--the interests of nations and peoples are shared.The religious convictions that we hold in our hearts can forge new bonds among people, or they can tear us apart.The technology we harness can light the path to peace, or forever darken it.The energy we use can sustain our planet, or destroy it.What happens to the hope of a single child--anywhere--can enrich our world, or impoverish it.同各位一样，我的职责是采取符合本国和本国人民利益的行动，我绝不会为捍卫这些利益而道歉。但我深深感到，与人类历史上任何一个时期相比，在 2009年各个国家及其人民之间都更具有共同的利益。我们心中怀有的宗教信念能够在人民之间缔结新的纽带，也能在我们之间制造隔阂。我们掌控的技术能够照亮通向和平的道路，也能永远将其笼罩在黑暗之中。我们使用的能源能够维持我们这个星球的生存，也能造成它的毁灭。如何对待每一个儿童心中的希望——无论在任何地方——能使我们的世界变得富饶，也能使之变得贫瘠。

In this hall, we come from many places, but we share a common future.No longer do we have the luxury of indulging our differences to the exclusion of the work that we must do together.I have carried this message from London to Ankara;from Port of Spain to Moscow;from Accra to Cairo;and it is what I will speak about today--because the time has come for the world to move in a new direction.We must embrace a new era of engagement based on mutual interest and mutual respect, and our work must begin now.在这个大厅里，我们来自四面八方，却拥有一个共同的未来。我们再也不能沉溺于分歧之中，以至于延误我们必须共同从事的工作。从伦敦（London）到安卡拉（Ankara），从西班牙港（Port of Spain）到莫斯科（Moscow），从阿克拉（Accra）到开罗（Cairo），我到处传播一个信息，并将在今天予以重申——因为现在是全世界向一个新方向迈进的时候了。我们必须迎接一个在共同利益和相互尊重的基础上进行接触的新纪元，我们的工作必须现在开始。

We know the future will be forged by deeds and not simply words.Speeches alone will not solve our problems--it will take persistent action.For those who question the character and cause of my nation, I ask you to look at the concrete actions we have taken in just nine months.我们知道，开创未来不能仅凭言词，还要有行动。光靠演说不能解决我们的问题——必须要有坚持不懈的行动。因此，对那些质疑我国的品格和事业的人，我请你们看一看我们在短短9个月中所采取的具体行动。

On my first day in office, I prohibited--without exception or equivocation--the use of torture by the United States of America.(Applause.)I ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed, and we are doing the hard work of forging a framework to combat extremism within the rule of law.Every nation must know: America will live its values, and we will lead by example.在我就任总统的第一天，我宣布美国毫无例外、坚定不移地禁止酷刑。（掌声）我下令关闭设在关塔那摩湾（Guantanamo Bay）的关押设施，我们正在从事在法治范围内制定一个打击极端主义的框架的艰巨工作。每个国家都必须明白：美国将信守其价值观，我们将发挥表率作用。

We have set a clear and focused goal: to work with all members of this body to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and its extremist allies--a network that has killed thousands of people of many faiths and nations, and that plotted to blow up this very building.In Afghanistan and Pakistan, we and many nations here are helping these governments develop the capacity to take the lead in this effort, while working to advance opportunity and security for their people.我们制定了坚定不移的明确目标：同联合国所有成员共同努力，打击、摧垮并击溃基地组织（al Qaeda）及其极端主义同伙——这个网络杀害了持不同信仰、来自不同国家的成千上万的民众，并曾策划炸毁这座大楼。在阿富汗（Afghanistan）和巴基斯坦（Pakistan），我们和在座的很多国家正在帮助这两个国家的政府建设主导这项行动的能力，同时努力为这两个国家的人民增进机会和安全。

In Iraq, we are responsibly ending a war.We have removed American combat brigades from Iraqi cities, and set a deadline of next August to remove all our combat brigades from Iraqi territory.And I have made clear that we will help Iraqis transition to full responsibility for their future, and keep our commitment to remove all American troops by the end of 2011.在伊拉克，我们正在负责任地结束这场战争。我们已将美国作战部队撤离伊拉克各个城市，并确定了到明年8月将我国所有作战部队撤离伊拉克领土的期限。我还明确表示，我们将帮助伊拉克人为掌握他们的未来向全面行使权力过渡，并将履行到2011年年底将全部美国军队撤离的承诺。

I have outlined a comprehensive agenda to seek the goal of a world without nuclear weapons.In Moscow, the United States and Russia announced that we would pursue substantial reductions in our strategic warheads and launchers.At the Conference on Disarmament, we agreed on a work plan to negotiate an end to the production of fissile materials for nuclear weapons.And this week, my Secretary of State will become the first senior American representative to the annual Members Conference of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.我提出了一项综合议程，寻求实现一个没有核武器的世界的目标。在莫斯科，美国和俄罗斯共同宣布大幅度削减我们的战略弹头和发射器。在裁军会议（Conference on Disarmament）上，我们赞同一项工作计划，通过谈判终止用于