国际贸易实务复习题(最终版)

第一篇:国际贸易实务复习题(最终版)
1.关于期货交易,正确的说法是(B)A.可以在任何时间,任何地点进行
B.必须在期货交易所内按交易所规定的开市时间交易 C.必须在期货交易所进行但没有时间规定
D.必须在交易所规定的时间进行,但交易不限于交易所内
2.在来料加工业务中,对料与成品的所有权归属,正确的理解是(B)A.均属于加工方
C.料属于供料方,成品属于加工方
B.均属于供料方
D.成品属于供料方,料属于加工方
3.某商品出口总成本为1500000元人民币,出口后外汇净收入为220000美元,按近期中国银行的外汇牌价为100美元折合人民币799元,则出口盈亏率为(B)A.14.7% C.17.2%
B.15.8% D.19.1%
5.商品按照包装质地的不同,可以分为(A)A.软性包装、半硬性包装和硬性包装 B.全部包装和局部包装 C.运输包装和销售包
D.纸制、金属、木制、塑料和玻璃制品包装等
6.在信用证项下的制单结汇中,议付行要求“单、证表面严格相符”,但假如在单、证不符情况下,议付行先向国外开证行拍发电报或电传,列明单、证不符点,待开证行复电同意后再将单据寄出的做法称为(B)A.“表提” B.“电提”
C.“跟单托收”
D.“凭保议付”
7.速遣费是指负责装卸货物的一方,在约定的装卸时间内提前完成装卸任务,则可以(C)A.从买方取得奖金 C.从船方取得奖金
B.从卖方取得奖金 D.从保险公司取得奖金
8.供货商可在同一时间、同一地区内,委派几家商号经销同类商品的做法称为(B)A.包销 B.定销
C.区域经销
D.阶段经销
9.寄售人与代销人之间是(A)A.委托与托受关系 B.买卖关系
C.包销代理关系
D.一般经销关系
10.“投机商人预计未来价格将出现上涨时,先买进期货合同,等价格上涨后再卖出对冲,从中获利”的投机行为称为(B)A.出头 B.多头
C.进头
D.空头 11.寄售情况下,代销人(C)A.与寄售人各承担销售费用的50% C.不承担任何销售费用
B.独立承担销售费用
D.与寄售人共同协商各自承担的比例
12.违约金数额一般不超过货物总金额的(B)A.3% C.10%
B.5% D.20%
13.按照英美法和法国法的规定,法律上有效的合同必须有(D)A.对价或限价 C.约价或约因
B.对价或约价 D.对价或约因
14.各国法律对于违约的救济方法主要有损害赔偿、解除合同和(A)A.实际履行 C.重新执行
15.一般经销也称(D)A.统销 C.代销
16.代理协议也可以表述为(C)A.代理条款 C.代理合同
B.代理契约 D.代理规则 B.包销 D.定销 B.提起诉讼 D.法律救济
17.寄售作为一种贸易方式,是按双方签订的协议进行运作的,其协议双方之间的关系是(B)A.买卖关系 C.经销关系
B.委托与受托关系 D.包销关系
18.招标前进行资格预审的好处是(C)A.有利于掌握客户信息 C.有利于提高投标质量
B.了解客户实力 D.了解客户信用
19.经营者卖出一笔日后交货的实物,为避免交货时该商品价格上涨,在交易所买入期货,来弥补损失,这种操作称为(A)A.买期保值
C.投机交易
20.来料加工是(D)
A.原料来自国内,成品销往国内
B.原料来自国内,成品销往国外 D.平衡保值
B.卖期保值 C.原料来自国外,成品销往国内 D.原料来自国外,成品销往国外
21.目前的快递业务主要有:国际特快专递()和()信使专递。
22.出口换汇成本如果低于银行的外汇牌价则说明出口(A)A 盈利
B 亏损
C 不盈不亏
D 不说明任何问题
23.目前常用的国际惯例包括(1932 年华沙 — 牛津规则)、(1941 年美国对外贸易定义修订本)、(2000 年国际贸易术语解释通则)。
24.合同引起争议,解决的途径主要包括友好协商、调解、仲裁、诉讼 25.为了统一提单背面条款的内容,国际上先后签署的国际公约是(ABC)A.《海牙规则》 C.《汉堡规则》
B.《维斯比规则》
D.《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》E.《日内瓦规则》
26.在国际货物买卖中,非固定价格的定价方法有(ABDE)A.后定价格 C.商定价格 E.待定价格
27.如果信用证的修改通知书包括多项内容,则卖方的做法一般是(AB)A.全部接受 C.部分接受
E.要求进口商重新开信用证
28.电子商务使外贸企业业务流程面临转型,转型主要体现在以下转变(ACE)A.从单一交易到综合服务 C.从人为垄断优势向自然竞争优势 E.从分散管理向集中管理
29.由中国出口至美国的货物,若要采用OCP条款享受优惠运费,应满足下列条件(BCD)A.必须在美国东海岸港口转船 B.必须在美国西海岸港口转船
C.必须在提单的目的港一栏填写西海岸港口名,以及OCP地区最终目的地名称 D.必须在提单上注明“OCP”字样 E.必须是美国急需的货物
28.综观各国的法律规定,对违约的救济方法基本有(BCDE)A.滞纳金
B.违约金 B.从复杂到简单
D.从劳动密集型产品到高新技术产品 B.全部拒绝 D.部分拒绝 B.暂定价格 D.部分固定价格 C.实际履行 E.损害赔偿
D.解除合同
29.磋商交易的接受环节,关于接受生效的时间各国法律有不同的规定,其中英美法采用的是(A)A.“投邮生效”原则 C.“合同生效”原则
B.“到达生效”原则 D.“发盘生效”原则
30.进出口结付汇单据中的发票主要有(ABCDE)
A.商业发票 C.领事发票 E.形式发票
31.开展展卖业务时应注意(ABDE)A.选择适当的展卖商品 C.尽量拉长展出的时间
B.选择好合作的客户
D.选择合适的展出地点E.选择适当的展卖时机
B.海关发票
D.厂商发票
32.在国际贸易中,从事商品检验的机构多种多样,归纳起来,主要有(ABCDE)A.官方机构
C.行业协会开设的检验机构 E.用货单位或买方
B.私人开设的检验机构 D.生产制造厂商
33.在信用证项下的制单结汇中,如发现单证不符,且不能及时更正时,进出口企业可以选择的处理方法是(D)A.收妥结汇 C.定期结汇
1.荷兰式拍卖
又称为减价拍卖。是由拍卖人先宣布最高价,无人接受就逐渐降低叫价,直到有竞买者认为已经降到可以接受的价格,并以规定的方式表示接受时为止。2.见索即付保函
又称为无条件保函,是指保证人在收益人第一次索偿时,就必须按保函所规定的条件支付款项 3.独家代理
独家代理是指代理人在约定的地区和一定期限内:单独代表委托人行为,从事代理协议中规定的有关业务。委托人在该地区和协议期限内,不得再委托其它代理人。4.国际保理
国际保理在使用托收、赊销等非信用证方式结算货款时,保理商向出口商提供的一项集买方资信调查、应收款管理和追
B.押汇 D.电提 帐、贸易融资、信用管理于一体的综合性现代金融服务。
5.简述国际货物拍卖业务的特点。
(1)是一种公开竞买的现货交易;(2)是在一定机构内有组织地进行;(3)有自己独特的法律和规章。6.押汇
又称买单结汇,即指议付行在审单无误情况下,按信用证条款贴现受益人的汇票或者以一定的折扣买入信用证下的货运单据,从票面金额中扣除从议付日到估计收到票款之日的利息,将余款按议付日外汇牌价折成人民币,拨给出口企业。7.投标
是指投标人应招标人的邀请,按照招标的要求与条件,在规定的时间内向招标人递价,争取中标的行为。8.简述国际货物买卖中使用非固定价格定价法的利弊。有利之处
(1)有助于暂时解决价格方面的分歧,双方可先就其他条款达成协议,早日签约,待日后再确定成交价格。(2)解除客户对价格风险的顾虑,使之敢于签订交货期长的合同。
(3)虽不能完全排除交易双方的价格风险,但有利于出口方不失时机地做成生意,也有利于进口方保证一定的转售利润。不利之处
(1)因先订约后作价,就不可避免地给交易带来较大的不稳定性。(2)如作价条款规定不当,合同还有失去法律效力的危险。
9.进料加工有哪些具体做法?对于我们国家而言进料加工有何重要意义? 具体做法:
(1)先签订进口原料的合同.加工出成品后再寻找市场和买主。
(2)先签订出口成品的合同,再根据国外买方的订货要求从国外购进原料,加工生产。(3)对口合同方式,即与对方签订进口原料合同的同时签订出口成品的合同。
意义:
(1)有利于解决国内原材料紧缺的困难,利用国外提供的资源,发展出口商品生产,为国家创造外汇收入。(2)开展进料加工可以更好地根据国际市场的需要和客户的要求,组织原料进口和加工生产,有助于做到产销对路,避免盲目生产,减少库存积压。
(3)进料加工是将国外的资源和市场与国内生产能力相结合的国际循环方式,也是国际分工的一种形式。10.包销协议主要有哪几个方面的内容?(1)包销商品的范围。
(2)独家经销的区域。
(3)包销数量或金额。
(4)作价方法。.
(5)包销商的其他义务。
(6)包销协议期限和终止条款。1. 我某外贸公司出口某商品400件,价格每件400美元CFR马赛港。每件运费10美元,现客户要求改报FOBC5%上海价。试求FOBC5%上海价(单价)(保留两位小数)。解:FOB=CFR—F=400—10=390(美元)(净价)
FOBC5%= FOB+ 5%(FOBC5%)2. 国内某公司出口一批货物,贸易术语CIF,总价5000美元,其中:运费420美元,保险费80美元。假定国内总成本是人民币32000元,外汇牌价1∶8。试计算出口盈亏率和出口换汇成本。
出口外汇净收入=5000—420—80=4500(美元)出口盈亏率=(出口销售人民币净收入一出口总成本)/出口总成本 =(4500×8—32000)/32000=12.5%
出口换汇成本=出口总成本/出口外汇净收入
=32000/4500=7.11(元人民币/美元)4.已知某企业对外报价CIF釜山为5000美元每公吨,该韩国客户又要求改报CFR釜山,并给予3%的佣金,若保险费率为1.1%,并按发票金额的112%投保,则我国企业应该报价多少美元才能使外汇净收入保持不变。解:CFR净价=CIF净价×(1-保险加成×保险费率)
=5000(1-112%×l.1%)
=4938.4美元
则CFRC3%=CFR净价/(1-佣金率)
=4938.4/(1-3%)
=5091.1美元
5.国内某出口企业出口羊毛60公吨,羊毛的公定回潮率为14%,其实际回潮率由实际货物进行抽样检测,假设实际抽取1千克样品,用科学方法去掉其中水分,最后可以净剩0.9千克的干羊毛,请计算该批羊毛的公量。公量=商品实际净重×[(1+公定回潮率)/(1+实际回潮率)]
实际回潮率=(1-0.9)/0.9=11.1%
=60×(1+14%)/(1+11.1%)
=61.57 公吨
6.某国内企业与外商签订了某套机械设备的买卖合同,商定货物的初步价款为350万美元,双方同意按某物价指数和工资指数予以调整。约定原材料在价格中的比重为60%,工资在价格中的比重为20%,管理费与利润在价格中的比重为20%,并以签订合同时的物价指数为100,当交货时原材料物价指数上升至120,工资指数上升至115,假设双方按约定调整价款,则该合同的最终成交价应该为多少?
P=P0(A+B(M/M0)+C(W/W0))
按题意可知P0=350 万,A=20%,B=60%,C=20%,M=120,M0=100,W=115,W0=100 则最终价格
=350(20%+60%×120/100+20%×115/100)
=350(0.2+0.72+0.23)
=402.5 万美元
第二篇:国际贸易实务复习题
国际贸易实务复习题
1.我某出口企业按FCA Shanghai Airport条件向印度A商出口手表一批,货价5万美元,规定交货期为8月份。自上海运往孟买;支付条件:买方凭由孟买某银行转交的航空公司空运到货通知即期全额电汇付款。我出口企业于8月31日将该批手表运到上海虹桥机场交由航空公司收货并出具航空运单。我随即用电传向印商发出装运通知。航空公司于9月2日将该批手表空运至孟买,并将到货通知连同有关发票和航空运单交孟买某银行。该银行立即通知印商收取单据并电汇付款。此时,国际手表价格下跌,印商以我交货延期,拒绝付款、提货。我出口企业坚持对方必须立即付款、提货。双方争执不下,逐提交仲裁。如果你是仲裁员,你认为应如何处理?说明理由。
2.印度孟买一家电视机进口商与日本京都电器制造商洽谈买卖电视机交易。从京都(内陆城市)至孟买,有集装箱多式运输服务,京都当地货运商以订约承运人的身份可签发多式运输单据。货物在京都距制造商5公里的集装箱堆场装入集装箱后,由货运商用卡车经公路运至横滨,然后再装上船运至孟买。京都制造商不愿承担公路和海洋运输的风险;孟买进口商则不愿承担货物交运前的风险。试对以下问题提出你的意见,并说明理由:
(1)京都制造商是否可以向孟买进口商按FOB、CFR、CIF术语报价?(2)京都制造商是否应提供已装船运输单据?
(3)按以上情况,你认为京都制造商应该采用何种贸易术语?
3.我方按CIF条件进口一批床单,货物抵达我方后发现床单在运输途中部分受潮,而卖方已如期向我方提交了合同规定的全套合格单据并要求我方支付货款。问我方能否以所交货物受潮为由而拒付货款或向卖方提出索赔?
4.我某外贸公司按照CIF伦敦向英商出售一批货物。卖方在规定的装运期内装船并取得相应单据。货物在运输过程途中时逢埃以战争爆发,苏伊士运河关闭,只能绕道非洲南端。事后买方就航行途中发生的绕航费用、货物湿损以及未能按预计时间到达向我方提出索贻。问我方是否应当赔偿?为什么?
5.我国无锡某公司采用FOB上海向美国出口货物一批,装运期为5月份,集装箱装运。我方4月26日收到买方发来的装船通知,告知我方载货 船舶将于5月15日到达装运港。为了及时装运,我公司业务员于5月10日将货物从无锡运至上海码头仓库,不料货物因当夜仓库发生火灾而全部损失。
问:(1)以上损失是否应该由我方承担?为什么?(2)若采用FCA 无锡交货,该损失是否应该由我方承担?为什么?(3)采用FCA贸易术语和FOB贸易术语在交货地点、运输方式和单据、结汇时间等方面存在哪些不同?
6.韩国KM公司向我BR土畜产公司订购大蒜650公吨,双方当事人几经磋商最终达成了交易。但在缮制合同时,由于山东胶东半岛地区是大蒜的主要产区,通常我国公司都以此为大蒜货源基地,所以BR公司就按惯例在合同品名条款打上了“山东大蒜。”可是在临近履行合同时,大蒜产地由于自然灾害导致欠收,货源紧张。BR公司紧急从其他省份征购,最终按时交货。但KM公司来电称,所交货物与合同规定不符,要求BR公司作出选择,要么提供山东大蒜,要么降价,否则将撤消合同并提出贸易赔偿。试问,KM公司的要求是否合理?并评述此案。
7.某公司定购钢板400M/T,计6英尺、8英尺、10英尺、12英尺四种规格各100M/T,并附每种数量可增减5%的溢短装条款,由卖方决定。今卖方交货为:6英尺,70M/T;8英尺,80M/T;10英尺,60M/T;12英尺,210M/T,总量末超过420M/T的溢短装上限的规定。对于出口商按实际装运数量出具的跟单汇票,进口商是否有权拒收拒付?
8.A出口公司与国外买方订立一份CIF合同,合同规定:“番茄酱罐头200箱,每箱24罐×100克”,即每箱装24罐,每罐100克。但卖方在出货时却装运了200箱,每箱24罐×200克。国外买方见货物重量比合同多了一倍,拒绝收货,并要求撤销合同。请问,买方有权这么做吗?
9.在荷兰某一超级市场上有黄色竹制罐装的茶叶一批,罐的一面刻有中文“中国茶叶”四字,另一面刻有我国古装仕女图,看上去精致美观,颇具民族特点,但国外消费者少有问津。问其故何在? 10.2002年世界杯期间,日本一进口商为了促销运动饮料,向中国出口商订购T恤衫,要求以红色为底色,并印制“韩日世界杯”字样,此外不需印制任何标识,以在世界杯期间作为促销手段随饮料销售赠送现场球迷,合同规定2002年5月20日为最后装运期,我方组织生产后于5月25日将货物按质按量装运出港,并备齐所有单据向银行议付货款。然而货到时由于日本队止步于16强,日方估计到可能的积压损失,以单证不符为由拒绝赎单,在多次协商无效的情况下,我方只能将货物运回以在国内销售减少 损失,但是在货物途径海关时,海关认为由于“韩日世界杯”字样及英文标识的知识产权为国际足联所持有,而我方外贸公司不能出具真实有效的商业使用权证明文件,因此海关以侵犯知识产权为由扣留并销毁了这一批T恤衫。请分析海关的处理是否正确。
11.我向英国出口商品报价是每公吨USD1600CFR伦敦,外商来电要求改报CIF伦敦价,该商品投保加一成投保一和战争险,保险费分别为0.55%和0.04%,请问我方新报价应是多少?
12.我某出口公司推销某商品对外报价为每箱450美元FOB上海,后国外商人要求改报CIF汉堡价。问我方应报多少?(运费每箱50美元,保险加成至110%,保险费率为0.8%)。
13.我出口公司对非洲某客商发盘,供应某商品,价格条件为CIF非洲某口岸每公吨1500美元;按发票金额110%投保一切险和战争险。对方要求改报FOB中国口岸。经查自中国口岸至非洲某口岸的海洋运输费用为每公吨50美元,一切的保险费率为0.5%,战争险的保险率为0.3%。问如维持出口销售净收入不变,改报FOB中国口岸价,应为多少美元?
14.我方公司向西欧某客商推销商品,发盘价格为每公吨1150英镑CFR西欧某港口,对方复电要求改按FOB中国口岸定价,并给予2%佣金,查自中国口岸至西欧某港口的运费为每公吨170英镑,我方如要保持外汇收入不变,怎样改按买方要求条件报价?
15.某公司对外某商品每箱50美元CIF西雅图。国外要求改报CFR C5西雅图,设保险费率为1.05%,加1成投保,问我应报多少美元。
16.某出口公司对外报某商品每打100港元CFR C5香港。港商要求改按CIF C5香港报价,设投保加1成,保险费率为0.5%,问我应报多少美元。
17.某外贸公司出口一种商品至日本,出口价格条件为没公吨9850美元,CIF横滨。其中中国口岸至横滨的海上运输费和保险费共计占15%。结汇时中国银行外汇牌价为美元折合人民币6.3835元。试计算每公吨出口销售人民币净收入金额。
18.假设某审批的国内进价为8270元,加工整理费指出为900元,商品流通费支出为700元,税金为30元。该商品的出口销售外汇净收入为3000美元,试计算:(1)该商品的出口总成本;(2)该商品每美元换汇成本。
19.某出口公司与西欧某中间商达成一笔交易,合同规定我方出口某商品25000公斤,每公斤15美元,CFR C2%汉堡。海运运费为每公斤0.15美元。出口收汇后出口公司向国外中间商汇付佣金。计算:(1)该出口公 司向中国银行购买支付佣金的美元共需多少人民币?(2)该出口公司 的外汇净收入为多少美元(中行牌价:1美元=6.3835人民币元)
20.我出口公司对某客商发盘,供应某商品,价格条件为每公吨2000美元CIF非洲某港口,按发票金额110%投保一切险和战争险,客商提出要求改报CFR非洲某港口英镑价,查自中国口岸至非洲该港口的一切险和战争险的费率共为0.7%。问我出口公司在维持原收入不变和暂不考虑汇价趋势的情况下应报何价?(中行牌价:1美元=6.3835人民币元;1英镑=9.8846人民币元)
21.合同规定由我供应某商品60000打,每打的CIF西欧没港价为1.8美元,自装运港至目的港的运费总计为5000美元,投保金额为发票金额的110%,保险险别为水渍险和战争险。查中国人民保险公司的保险费率表,该商品至该港口 的水渍险费率为0.3%,战争险费率为0.4%。问我可净收入多少人民币?(中行外汇牌价:1美元=6.3835人民币元)
22.原报价每箱100美元净价FOB SHANGHAI,如外商要求改报FOB C5%,为保持我方净收入不变,我对外报价应为多少?
23.我向西欧某客商推销某商品,发盘价格为每公吨1150英镑CFR西欧某港口,对方复电要求改按FOB中国口岸定价,并给予2%佣金。查自中国口岸至某港口的运费为每公吨170英镑,我方如要保持外汇收入不变,改按买方要求条件报价,应为何价?
24.我向外发盘某商品每公吨3500美元FOB上海,对方要求CFR C2%汉堡价,并改一德国马克计价和支付。查自中国口岸至汉堡的运费为每公吨100美元,每1美元折合2德国马克,假定近期内这两种货币的汇率趋势平稳,可同意对方要求,应改报何价才能保证净收入不变?(注:佣金按FOB净价计支)
25.我对外出售商品一批,报价CIF××港,23500英镑(按发票金额110%投保一切险和战争险,两者费率合计为0.7%),客户要求改报CFR价,试问,在不影响收汇额的前提下,正确CFR价应报多少?
26.某德国客商对我某项出口商品出价为每公吨900德国马克CIF汉堡,而我公司对该商品内部掌握价FOB中国口岸每公吨人民币980元。当时中国银行外汇牌价为每100德国马克的买价人民币116.84元,卖价人民币117.42元。我公司备有现货,只要不低于公司内部掌握价即可出售。现该商品自中国口岸至汉堡的运费为每公吨人民币60元,保险费为每公吨人民币10元。计算该客商的出价与公司内部掌握的差额,并判断能否接受?
27.我外贸公司出口某商品1000箱,该货每箱收购价人民币100元,国内费用为收购价的15%,出口后每箱可退税人民币7元,外销价每箱19.00美元CFR曼谷,每箱货应付海运费1.20美元,试计算该商品的换汇成本。
28.我某出口商品每公斤100美元CFRC2%纽约。试计算CFR净价和佣金各为若干?如对方要求将佣金增加到5%,我可同意,查出口净收入不能减少,试问CFRC5%应报何价?
29.设CFR的价格为780美元,投保加成率为10%,保险费率为0.55%,CIF C5价。
30.设CFR的价格为1000美元投保加成为20%,保险费为0.33%,佣金率为3%,求CIFC价。
31.某进出口公司出口××商品,每公吨出口价CIF伦敦8500.00美元,进货价为人民币21000.00元,商品流通费和税金为人民币1260.00元,实际运费每公吨600.00美元,保险费50.00美元。其换汇成本是多少?
32.某商品的价格为每公吨CFR新加坡USD1500,但买方要求卖方负责保险,贸易术语改为CIF新加坡,保险费率为0.75%,按发票价值110%投保,问CIF术语的价格如何计算?
33.某商品原价为CIF荷台达USD1512.48,买方提出根据当地规定只能在进口过办理保险,要求改为CFR条件,原价保险费率为0.75%,保额按发票价值110%投保,问CFR属于的价格如何计算?
34.FOB价USD5000,由卖方代办理保险,保费率为0.28%,按发票价值110%投保,问CFR术语的价格如何计算?
35.某商品已知CIF新加坡每公吨100英镑。进口商要求改为FOB条件交货。已知运费每公吨9英镑,保费按CIF货值110%投保,保费率为0.6%,问FOB术语的价格如何计算?
36.某商品已知每公吨300美元FOB上海。买方要求改为CIFC3%。假设每公吨运费25美元,按发票价值110%投保,保险费率为0.8%,问CIFC3%术语的价格如何计算?
37.我某出口商品原报价每箱150美元CFR孟加拉。现外商要求改报CFRC5%孟加拉,在FOB净收入不减少的条件下,我方最底应报多少美元?若按110%投保,保险费率为1%,则我方最低CIFC5%应报多少美元?
38.我出口某商品一批,原报价每公吨250美元CIFC2%鹿特丹,国外客户要求增加佣金二个百分点,我改报价应为多少?
39.我对外报某商品价格为FOB汕头每打20美元,外商回电要求改报CIF伦敦英镑价。问我应报价多少/(设:当日外汇牌价是1美元=6.3835 人民币元,1英镑=9.8846人民币元,至伦敦的运费每打3美元,加一成投保一切险费为1%)
40.日本某银行应当地客户的要求开立了一份不可撤销的自由议付L/C,出口地为上海,证中规定单证相符后,议付行可向日本银行的纽约分行索偿。上海一家银行议付了该笔单据,并在L/C有效期内将单据交开证行,同时向其纽约分行索汇,顺利收回款项。第二天开证行提出单据有不符点,要求退款。议付行经落实,确定不符点成立,但此时从受益人处得知,开证申请人已通过其他途径(未用提单)将货提走。议付行可否以此为理由拒绝退款?
41.某年8月5日,中国某进出口公司(买卖以电传方式达成协议,根据协议,卖方发出了已经签署的“售货确认书",其主要内容为:数量3万套,单价30美元,总价90万美元,价格条件是CIF(成本加保险费加运费)某港交货,并明确要求买方在同年9月5日以前,向卖方开出百分之百的、保兑的、不可撤销的、可分割的即期付款信用证。8月20日,卖方收到了经过买方签字的确认书,但买方将确认书中的CIF条件改为托盘运输条款。9月2日,卖方收到了经过买方开出的信用证,金额与确认书相符,但信用证种类与价格条款等却与确认书原有规定存在重大差异。其一,信用证并非保兑:其二,确认书原定的CIF价格条件变成了托盘运输条款。据此,卖方于9月下旬电告买方拒收上述信用证,并将信用证退给了开证银行。此后,双方未能就确认书条款与信用证条款的差异达成一致,导致此合同不能履行,双方因此发生争议。问题: 1.本案中,买方修改了确认书而卖方未及时答复,合同是否成立? 2.本案中信用证是否有效? 42.我国 A公司向加拿大B公司以CIF术语出口一批货物,合同规定4月份装运。B公司于4月10日开来不可撤销信用证。此证按《UCP600》规定办理。证内规定:装运期不得晚于4月15日。此时我方已来不及办理租船订舱,立即要求B公司将装运期延至5月15日。随后B公司来电称:同意展延船期,有效期也顺延一个月。我A公司于5月10日装船,提单签发日5月10日,并于5月14日将全套符合信用证规定的单据交银行办议付。
试问:我国A公司能否顺利结汇?为什么?
43.某年10月,法国某公司(卖方)与中国某公司(买方)在上海订立了买卖200台电子计算机的合同,每台CIF上海1000美元,以不可撤销的信用证支付,12月马赛港交货。11月15日,中国银行上海分行(开证行)根据买方指示向卖方开出了金额为20万美元的不可撤销的信用证,委托马赛的 一家法国银行通知并议付此信用证。12月20日,卖方将200台计算机装船并获得信用证要求的提单、保险单、发票等单证后,即到该法国议付行议付。经审查,单证相符,银行即将20万美元支付给卖方。与此同时,载货船离开马赛港10天后,由于在航行途中遇上特大暴雨和暗礁,货物与货船全部沉入大海。此时开证行已收到了议付行寄来的全套单据,买方也已知所购货物全部损失的消息。中国银行上海分行拟偿付议付行支付的20万美元的货款,理由是其客户不能得到所期待的货物。根据国际贸易惯例,现问: 1.这批货物的风险自何时起由卖方转移给买方? 2.开证行能否由于这批货物全部灭失而免除其所承担的付款义务?依据是什么? 3.买方的损失如何得到补偿? 44.我某外贸公司与外商于某年7月10日以CIF方式签订了一份向对方出口价值150000美元商品的销售合同,不可撤销信用证付款。合同中规定我方应在8月份运出货物。7月28日中国银行通知我外贸公司,收到外商通过国外银行开来的信用证。经审核信用证条款与合同条款相符。但在我方装船前又收到外商通过银行转递的信用证修改通知,要求我方在8月15日之前装运货物。由于我外贸公司已预订了8月25日开航的班轮,若临时变更手续较为繁琐,因此对该修改通知未予理睬,之后按原信用证的规定发货并交单议付,议付行随后又将全套单据递交开证行。但是开证行却以装运单与信用证修改通知书不符为由拒付货款。请分析开证行是否有理由拒付货款。
45.甲交给乙一张经付款银行承兑的远期汇票,作为向乙订货的预付款,乙在票据上背书后转让给丙以偿还原先欠丙的借款,丙于到期日向承兑银行提示取款,恰遇当地法院公告该行于当天起进行破产清理,因而被退票。丙随即向甲追索,甲以乙所交货物质次为由予以拒绝,并称10天前通知银行止付,止付通知及止付理由也同时通知了乙。在此情况下丙再向乙追索,乙以汇票系甲开立为由推委不理。丙遂向法院起诉,被告为甲、乙与银行三方。你认为法院将如何依法判决?理由何在?
46.我国某公司以每箱50美元CIF悉尼出口某商品共一万箱,货物出口前,由我公司向中国人民保险公司某分公司投保了水渍险、串味险及淡水雨淋险,其保险费率分别为0.7%、0.3%和0.2%,按发票金额110%投保。试计算该批货物的投保金额和保险费各是多少?
47.我国A公司按照CIF价格条件与某国B公司签订了一单2000吨食用糖的生意,投保一切险。由于货轮陈旧,速度慢,加上沿途尽量多装货 物,停靠码头的次数和和时间太多,结果航行3个月才到达目的港。卸货后发现,路途时间过长,加之又要穿过赤道,食用糖长时间的受热,使得货物变质,根本无法出售。问这种情况保险公司是否应赔偿? 为什么?
48.2002年10月,澳大利亚达通贸易有限公司向我国华东吉发有限责任公司订购饲料用玉米10000公吨。货船在厦门装船以后直接驶向达尔文港。途中船舶货舱起火,大火蔓延到机舱。船长为了船货的共同安全,命令采取紧急措施,往舱中灌水灭火。火虽然被扑灭,但由于主机受损,无法继续航行。为使货轮继续航行,船长发出求救信号,船被拖至就近的维佳港口修理,检修后重新将货物运往达尔文港。事后经过统计,事故总共造成如下损失:(1)2500吨玉米被火烧毁;(2)1300吨玉米由于灌水不能食用;(3)主机和部分甲板被火烧坏;(4)雇用拖船支付费用若干(5)因为船舶维修,延误船期,额外增加了船员工资以及船舶的燃料。试问:在上述各项损失中,哪些属于单独海损?哪些属于共同海损?在投保了平安险的情况下,被保险人有权向保险公司提出哪些赔偿要求?为什么?
49.有一份FOB合同,货物在从卖方仓库运往码头的途中,因意外而致部分货物受损,而买方已经投了“仓至仓”的一切险,事后卖方向保险公司索赔遭到拒绝,买方索赔同样遭到拒绝,那么保险公司究竟该不该赔偿呢?
50.我某外贸公司以CFR条件进口4000吨钢管,我方为此批货物向某保险公司投保我国海运保险条款水渍险。钢管在上海港卸下时发现有500吨生锈,经查其中200吨钢管在装船时就已生锈,但由于钢管外表有包装,装船时没有被船方检查出来。还有200吨钢管因船舶在途中搁浅,船底出现裂缝,海水浸湿而致生锈,另有100吨钢管因为航行途中曾遇雨天,通风窗没有及时关闭而被淋湿致生锈。分析导致上述损失的原因,保险人是否应予赔偿,为什么?
第三篇:国际贸易实务复习题
Ⅰ.Put T for true or F for false in the answer sheet.1.(T)
EXW in Incoterms 2010 is the trade term under which the risks of the seller are in minimum.2.(F)
“USD200 per M/T CIFC2 London” means that the Seller will receive 200 US dollars for per metric ton.3.(F)
Counter sample can help avoid disputes over the quantity of goods in the future transaction.4.(T)
For terms marked with “W/M”, the freight is to be calculated on the basis of either weight ton or measurement ton, subject to the higher rate.5.(F)
In most cases, while port of shipment and port of destination are stipulated in the contract, two or more of each are stated to provide more options for either buyers or sellers.6.(F)
Under FOB term, the seller should notify the buyer of the cargo readiness at least 30 days before the time of shipment so that the buyer can have enough time to charter ships and send them to the shipment port in time.7.(T)
Cargo transport insurance is usually taken out on “warehouse to warehouse” basis.8.(F)
The insurance coverage of ICC(A), ICC(B), and ICC(C)is roughly the same as that of FPA, WPA, All Risks under CIC, respectively.9.(F)
So far, documentary credits are the most ideal method of payment to provide security for both buyers and sellers.Therefore, in whatever conditions, L/C should be the first consideration in the method of payment for transactions.10.(F)
Under the terms of D/A, it is the bank in exporter’s country who makes acceptance to the draft and delivers the documents to the importer.11.(T)
Import commodity subject to legal inspection can not be marketed or used before being inspected.12.(T)
Under the terms FOB, CIF and CFR, the risks of loss of or damages to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, is transferred from the seller to the buyer..13.(T)
If one party violates stipulations packing terms, the other party shall have the right to reject the goods and claim for the losses.14.(F)
Neutral packing is adopted to break tariff and non-tariff barriers of some importing countries, and tend to be widely adopted by many countries.15.(T)
When the chatterer fails to load or unload the goods within the stipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to the ship-owner.16.(F)
CFR is the term when the consignment is delivered with all the charges up to arrival at the port of destination paid by the Seller.17.(F)
CPT is the most appropriate term when the seller must pay the cost and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination by a roll-on/roll-off vessel.18.(F)
When the seller pays for the goods to be placed alongside the vessel on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment, the term is FOB.19.(T)
“Gross for net” is often stipulated in the contract to indicate that the weight of the less valued products is calculated by gross weight.20.(T)
The more or less clause is a clause that stipulates that the quantity delivered can be more or less within certain extent.21.(T)
If the articles had great changes in price at the time when delivery is made, the seller may stipulate that settlement for this part is based on the market price at the time when the goods are shipped on board the vessel.22(F)
Consignment note is used not only for road or rail transport, but also for multimode transport.23.(F)
Merchant vessels can be pided into liners and tramps, and tramps prove to be a more economical means of international cargo distribution.24.(T)
The freight of liners is relatively fixed, while the freight of tramps is mainly determined by the market.25.(T)
According to the usual practices, the insured amount, if not specified in the sales contract, will be 110% of CIF or CIP price.26.(T)
Two types of risks are covered by oceans marine insurance under CIC: perils of the sea and extraneous risks.27.(T)
WPA is a wider cover than FPA in ocean marine cargo clause.28.(F)
If the payment is to be made “30 day’s sight”, it means that the payment will have to be made 30 days after the issuing of this draft.29.(F)
Exporters always insist on payment by cash in advance when they are trading with old customers.30.(T)
Unlike the bill of exchange, the promissory note has two parties: the maker and the payee.31.The draft is issued in duplicate, the drawer makes payment against one draft, and then the other is cancelled accordingly.t 32.In case that the validity time is specified definitely in an offer, the offeror must make an acceptance within the stipulated time limit.The offer still can binding on the offeror when the validity expires.f 33.In Negotiable Instrument Law of the People’s Republic of China, a check is a sight B/E with the bank as the payer, that is to say, it is an unconditional order drawn on a banker by the drawer, requiring the banker to pay on demand a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer.f Ⅱ.Please choose the best answer from the following choices of each question and write them on your answer sheet.1.The trade terms define the responsibilities and expenses of __A__.A.both the seller and the buyer
B.both the consignee and the consignor C.both the shipper and the carrier D.both the exporter and the operator
2.__D__ can only be use for waterway transport.A.CIF+CIP+DAT
B.CFR+CPT+CIP
C.FOB+CPT+CIF
D.CIF+FOB+CFR
3.According to UCP 600, the confirming bank must negotiate and/or honor __C__.A.if the issuing bank agrees to negotiate and/or honor B.if the applicant agrees to negotiate and/or honor C.if it has received a complying presentation from the presenter D.if the beneficiary has shipped the stipulated goods on time
4.Quality standard of FAQ means that __D__.A.the goods is suitable for sales
B.the goods is merchantable C.the goods has bad quality
D.the goods has fair average quality
5.__A__ are marks of simple designs, some letters, numbers and simple words on packages, often stenciled, that serve as an identification of the consignment to which they belong.A.Shipping marks
B.Supplementary marks
C.Indicative marks
D.Warning marks
6.The losses done to the goods in marine transportation can be classified into two types, namely __D__.A.actual total loss and constructive total loss
B.general average and particular average C.basic loss and additional loss D.total loss and partial loss
7.Under CFR contract, the goods are damaged during marine transport and the buyer suffers losses estimated at USD 1000 due to natural calamity, USD 800 due to fortuitous accidents, and USD 2000 due to extraneous risks.If the buyer has insured the goods for USD 1000000 against WPA before shipment, then the insurer should pay __B__ compensation to the buyer.A.USD 3800
B.USD 1800
C.USD 3000
D.USD 2800 8.The operator who signs the multimode transport document is __B__.A.only responsible for the first stage of transportation B.must be responsible for the whole transportation C.is not responsible for transportation D.is only responsible for the last stage of the transportation
9.Which of the following L/C means double guarantee for the beneficiary? __C__ A.Revocable L/C
B.Documentary L/C
C.Confirmed L/C
D.Transferable L/C
10.An exporter delivered the goods on CIF basis according to the stipulations of the contract, and submitted clean B/L to the importer.After receiving the goods, the importer found that the goods are damaged because of the damages to the outside packing.There is also a sea protest showing that the damage is due to heavy weather.Whom should the importer claim to? __B__.A.shipping company
B.insurance company
C.seller
D.buyer
11.Under _D__ , the seller minimizes his obligations while the buyer obtain s the goods at the lowest possible prices.A.FOB
B.DDP
C.DAT
D.EXW
12.When the seller pays for the goods to be placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment, the term is _B__.A.DAT
B.FAS
C.FOB
D.EXW
13.While choosing the money for the payment in international trade, one should _C__.A.choose hard money
B.choose soft money
C.choose soft money for export and hard money for import
D.choose hard money for export and soft money for import
14.In international trade, the commission is usually collected by _D__.A.the seller
B.the buyer
C.the insurance company
D.the intermediary
15.In sale by sample, if there is no other stipulations on the goods in the contract, then the goods __B__.A.may be roughly the same as the sample
B.must be the same as the sample C.may have reasonable tolerance
D.may have reasonable differences on specification
16.If there is a quality tolerance clause in a contract, within the range of the tolerance, the buyer _A__.A.can’t refuse to accept the goods
B.can refuse to accept the goods C.can demand the price to be adjusted
D.can refuse to accept the goods or demand the price
17.The characteristics of liner transport are that _A__.A.the liner, the port, the time and the freight rate are fixed B.its freight is determined by the market C.the variety and quantity of goods shipped are more flexible D.the obligations and rights of both seller and buyer are stipulated in the B/L
18._C__ merely confirms that the goods have been handed over to and are in custody of the ship-owner.A.Shipped B/L
B.Clean B/L
C.Received for shipment B/L
D.Liner B/L
19.Exporting clothes are soaked heavily because of the ship hitting the submerged reef in the sea, if the cost dealt with and sent to the destination is more than the value insured, then the loss can be regarded as _C__.A.general average
B.actual total loss
C.constructive total loss
D.particular average
20.The goods was exported under CIF, but the whole goods disappeared because of the accident, them the buyer _B__.A.would not pay because of the goods not arriving at the destination B.should pay with all sets of shipping documents supplied C.may lodge a claim to the carrier D.may pay if the bank demanded he should
Ⅲ.Please give the short-answer for each question.1.What are the differences between FOB and FCA.(5%)(Hint: place of delivery, risks transfer, freight, insurance premium etc.2.“USD200 per MT CIFC2 ShangHai”(5%)Please explain this price of term in English as far as possible.3.What are the differences between EXW and DDP.(5%)(Hint: place of delivery, risks transfer, freight, insurance premium etc.)
4.“USD200 per MT CFRC5 London”(5%)Please explain this price of term in English as far as possible.Ⅳ.Calculation(The main calculation process should be given)
1.A trading company exports a number of commodities abroad, the original price: 2,000USD per metric ton CIFC3% London, the buyer require CFRC5% London.Insurance coverage for the original premiums against all risks including war risks, the rates was 0.8% and 0.6%, in accordance with 110% CIF price, Please calculate CFRC5% London.Question: Please calculate CFRC5% London.(10%)(1)CIF=2000*(1-3%)=1940USD
(2%)(2)Insurance premiums=1940*(1+10%)*(0.8%+0.6%)=29.88USD
(2%)(3)CFR=CIF-Insurance premiums=1910.12USD
(3%)(4)CFRC5%=CFR/(1-5%)=2010.65USD
(3%)2.A trading company exports 10,000 units of arts and crafts which cost 300,000 Yuan(30 Yuan per unit), other domestic cost: 8000 RMB, expected profit: 10%, freight: 10 units/CTN, 1000 cartons, carton size: 25*56*32cm, GW: 32KG NW: 30KG, the freight to Europe is calculated by W/M as 120 Dollars per ton.The price of 40’ containers to Europe: 3500 Dollars, insurance by 110% of the invoice value against all risks at the premium rate of 0.8%, foreign sales price: USD4.85/PC CIF London.(Tips: the USD exchange rate of BOC is 6.2 /6.3: bid price/offer price.)Question: 1)Please calculate the export exchange cost by container.(5%)2)Calculate the profit and loss ratio of export commodities.(5%)
3)If these arts and crafts of raw materials have been imported by another trading company at an amount of 20000 Dollars in CIF term, please calculate the exchange rate appreciation.(5%)See text 3.A UK client ordered 1000 traveling bags, requiring CIF3% Liverpool, other conditions: domestic purchase cost of traveling bags is 50 Yuan per piece, other dominate cost is 5,000 Yuan;the expected profit rate is 10%.The bags are packaged in cartons, 20 per carton.Freight is 20 Dollars per carton from start port to Liverpool.Overseas shipping premium is defined as 0.8% by CIF, which adds 10% insurance against all risks and war risks.(P.S: Exchange rate of RMB against USD is 7:1.)Question: Please calculate CIFC3% Liverpool.(10%)See text Ⅴ.Case Study
1.A Chinese foreign trade exporter contracted with a Canadian importer to export 1000 pairs of sneakers in CIF terms, time of shipment is between July to August in the contract and letters of credit, 5000 pairs of sneakers each month, and transshipment is allowed.Our exporter loaded 5000 pairs of sneakers on board the ship “Wuyi” on 31st, July and got bill of lading for July, and loaded the rest of sneakers on board the ship “Triumph” on 10th, August and got bill of lading for August.Both ships transshipped in Hong Kong and both lots of goods are transported to the final destination by “Noble” of Maersk INC.Questions:
(10%)1)Was it partial shipment? Why?
(5%)It is partial shipment.(2%)According to UCP600:” partial shipment means unloading form one means of conveyance and reloading to another means of conveyance(whether or not in different modes of transport)during the carriage from the place of dispatch, taking in charge or shipment to the place of final destination stated in the credit.” While in this case, the goods were shipped by “Wuyi” on 31st, July and shipped by “Triumph” on 15th, August.Both ships were totally different, so it was partial shipment.(3%)2)Could the seller safely get financed? Why?
(5%)The seller could safely get payment for goods as a result of conformity with the letter of credit clauses.(5%)2.Our exporter exported a load of cargo to a Middle-East country under CIF terms and covered WPA in addition to TPND, but the vessel was detained as a result of the Iran-Iraq war.The importer lodged a claim to the insurance company.Questions:
(10%)1)Can the importer be compensated?
(5%)TPND refers to the cargo being stolen and leads to non-delivery by the consignee at destination.In this case, insurance company shall not compensate.(5%)2)Which type of insurance should be covered so that the insurance shall make indemnity?
(5%)Failure to deliver risk or war risks shall be covered.Failure to deliver risk refers to the risk, once loaded on board the seagoing vessel;fail to be delivered at the destination within six months of scheduled date for arrival due to whatever cause it might be.However, the insurant shall handle equity-transferring procedures so as to get compensation.(5%)3.A vessel collapsed with flowing icebergs on the sea and a crack was founded on one side of the vessel.Sea water flooded in and part of the cargo was wet.The captain had to call at the nearest port to drain off water and afterwards threw off some bulky goods into the sea to make the vessel floating.Questions:
(10%)1)Which part belongs to general average
(5%)Analysis: Particular Average: crack of the vessel and part of the cargo undergone soaking.(5%)2)Which belongs to particular average?
(5%)General Average: the vessel shipped to the nearest port and the losses thereafter.(5%)4.An Italian business man visited Shanghai Happy Trading Company on the morning of Feb.1st, 2012, and negotiated the purchase of some electronic parts.The Chinese seller made an oral offer but received no response from the Buyer.In the afternoon, the Italian buyer came and agreed to accept the offer made in the morning.In the meantime, the seller had learned that the price of the electronic parts might be going up.Questions:
(10%)1)In this case, is there a contract relationship between Shanghai Happy Trading Company and Italian buyer?(5%)There is no contract relationship between Shanghai Happy Trading Company and Italian buyer.(3%)The reason is that the buyer did not give a direct response immediately after the seller made an oral offer.(5%)It means that the oral offer is invalid.(2%)2)What lesson can be learned by the seller in dealing with foreign traders?(5%)For the seller, when the seller provides an offer to the buyer, it is better to provide a specific valid date, such as “within the stipulated period” or “before the latest date”.(5%)
It is better to provide a written formal offer with specific essential terms and validity date of the offer than an oral offer.(5%)It is also correct if one gives other reasonable answers.5.In September 2013, a British trading company and a Shanghai Export Corporation entered into a contract to purchase 5000 sets glassware under CFR London.Both parties agreed to stipulate the following in the contract:
“…… 30% payment by T/T in advance and 70% payment by D/P 90 days after sight.The buyer should remit the 30% of total value on or before September 30th, 2013.Shipment from Shanghai port to London is not later than Oct.21st, 2013.Partial shipment and transshipment are prohibited.……”
After received buyer’s remittance money September 28th, the exporter shipped 3000 sets in Shanghai Port on Oct.4th, 2013, then sent shipping advice on time to the importer and got one set of clean on board B/Ls.Then the exporter shipped the other 2000 sets on board the same vessel in Guangzhou Port on Oct.8th, 2013, sent shipping advice on time to the importer and got other one set of clean on board B/Ls.And then the vessel began to sail to London.1).If during the transportation from Guangzhou to London by sea, the ship struck on a rock and got stranded.Therefore, the ship arrived at Los Angeles after a delay(latter about 20 days than usual time)and part of goods have been damaged during transportation.According to INCOTERMS 2010, whether the importer has the right to make a claim against the seller because of transportation delay? Why?(5%)According to INCOTERMS 2000, the importer hasn’t the right to make a claim against the seller because of transportation delay.2).If the payment term in the contract was changed to “40% payment by T/T in advance and 60% payment by L/C 90 days after sight” and the importer became bankrupt Nov.2009, whether the exporter could receive payments on time provided that it had made complying presentation to issuing bank on time? Why?(5%)The exporter could receive payments on time provided that it had made complying(2%)According to UCP600, under L/C, it is the issuing bank but not the importer promise to pay to the beneficiary(the exporter).And even if the importer became bankrupt, the issuing bank must pay to the beneficiary(the exporter)against(3%)3).Please draw the procedures of L/C payment with figure and explain the main steps.(10%)See text 4).If use Telegraphic Transfer T/T to pay.Please draws the procedures of T/T payment with figure and explain the main steps.(10%)See text 6.A Chinese importer has signed a contract with Iran Company on 2nd November, 1990 in term of FOB.Due to the Gulf War breaking out, the ship of Chinese side cannot reach Iran port until the end of the Gulf War on April of 1991,the Chinese importer notified the Iran company immediately after the war broke out within the agreed time and in the agreed notification way.On 3th July, 1991, the seller claimed for the compensation against us for the storage expense, but the importer
complying
presentation
to
issuing
bank
on
time.presentation.rejected it in the reason of force majeure.Questions:
(10%)1)What`s the basic principles of force majeure? Was it a force majeure event?(5%)2)Should the importer compensate for the storage? Why?(5%)Answer:1)there are three basic principles: the occurrence of a force majeure event is after the conclusion of contact;the event is not resulting from the fault and neglect of the parties involved;the event is beyond the control of the parties involved.It was a force majeure event because it fulfil all principles.2)The importer should not compensate for the storage, there two reasons: first, the event is result from force majeure, secondly, the
Chinese importer notified the Iran company within the agreed time and in the agreed notification way.
第四篇:国际贸易实务复习题
【国际贸易实务】复习题答案
一、解释下列词语
1、FOB是指当货物在指定装运港越过船舷时,卖方即完成交货。买方必须自该交货点起承担一切费用和货物灭失或损害的风险。该术语适用与水上运输。
2、CIF指成本加保险费、运费。卖方的基本义务是负责按通常的条件租船定舱,支付到目的港的运费,并在规定的装运港和规定的装运期内将货物装上船,装船后及时通知买方。此外,卖方还要负责办理从装运港到目的港的海运货物保险,支付保险费。
3、CPT指运费付至(„指定目的地)。卖方要自负费用订立将货物运往目的地指定地点的运输契约,并且负责按合同规定的时间将货物交给承运人处置之下,即完成交货义务。卖方在交货后要及时通知买方。买方自货物交付承运人处置时起承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。
4、CFR是指成本加运费,卖方承担的基本义务是在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内,将货物装上船,并 及时通知买方。货物在装船时越过船舷,风险即从卖方转移至买方。卖方要负责租船定舱,支付到指定目 的港的运费,从装运港至目的地的货运保险由买方负责办理,保险费由买方负担。
5、FCA指货交承运人(指定地点),当采用这一交货条件时,买方要自行订立从指定地点起运的运输契约,并及时通知卖方。如果买方有要求,或者根据商业习惯,买方没有及时提出相反意见,卖方也可按照通常条件订立运输契约,但费用和风险要由买方承担。
6、信用证是开证行根据申请人的要求,向受益人开立的一种有条件的书面付款保证。开证行保证在收到 受益人交付全部符合信用证规定的单据的条件下,向受益人或其他指定人履行付的责任。
7、CIP指运费、保险费付至(„指定目的地)卖方要负责订立运输契约并支付将物运达指定目的地的运费,还要办理货物运输保险,支付保险费。卖方在合同规定的装运期内将货物交给承运人或第一承运人的处置之下,即完成交货义务。交货后及时通知买方,风险也于交货后转移给买方。
8、推定全损是指货物发生事故后,认为实际全损已不可避免,或者为避免实际全损所需支付的费用与继续将货物运抵目的地的费用之和超过保险价值。
9、换汇成本指某出口货物每换回一单位外汇需用人民币若干,即用多少人民币的出口成本可换回一单位外汇。
10、海运提单简称提单,是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或装船,以及承运人保证凭以交付货物的单据。
二、填空题
1、贸易术语的两重性,(1)是 说明商品的价格构成。(2)是 确定交货条件。
2、进出口贸易实务主要研究国与国之间货物交换的具体过程。与国内贸易相比,涉外 有 风险更大、困难更多而且 极具复杂性。
3、合同的成立一般要经过询盘、发盘、还盘和接受等环节,其中 发盘
和 接受 是必不可少的法律步骤。我国的实际做法,往往还要签署一份具有一定格式的书面合同。
4、凭说明表示商品质量的方法有(1)、凭规格买卖 ;(2)、凭等级买卖 ;(3)、凭标准买卖(4)凭牌名或商标买卖(5)凭产地名称买卖(6)凭说明书和图样买卖。
5、贸易术语在国际贸易中的作用。(1)、节省交易磋商的时间和费 ;(2)、简化交易磋商和买卖合同的内容;(3)、有利于 交易的达成和履约中争议的解决。
6、从事国际贸易可能产生的风险主要有:信用风险;商业风险; 汇兑风险;运输风险; 价格风险 ; 政治风险。
7、货物的质量是国际货物买卖中头等最重要的问题。表示质量的方法有:凭实物买卖(包括看货买卖和凭样品买卖)与 凭说明表示。
8、货物的数量在国际贸易中也很重要。国际贸易中常见的度量衡制度有公制、美制、国际单位制 和 英制。
9、有些商品,如棉花,羊毛,生丝等,价值较高,又有比较强的吸湿性,所含的水分受客观环境的影响较大,重量也就很不稳定。为了准确计算这类商品的重量,国际上通常采用按公量计算。公量=商品净重×(1+ 标准回潮率)/(1+ 实际回潮率)。
10、国际贸易中的包装按其作用有 运输包装 与 销售包装 之分。
11、合同中数量条款的内容主要包括成交商品的数量和计量单位;按重量成交的商品,需
订明 计算重量的方法 ;对于大宗散装货物,还需要订立 溢短装条款。
12、海上货物运输量占国际货物运输总量的80%以上。这种运输方式的优点
是 通过能力大、运量大、运费低。缺点是风险较大,航行速度较慢,行期不易
准确。
13、班轮运输的 “四固定” 特点是指 固定航线、固定装卸港、固定船期、相对固定的运价。
14、海运提单的性质和作用。提单是承运人或其代理人签发的 货物收据 ;提单是一种 货物所有权的凭证 ;提单是承运人与托运人间订立的运输契约的证明。
15、班轮提单 是指经营班轮运输的船公司或其代理人签发的提单。提单上列有详细的条款。其中背面条款作为承运人和托运人权利义务划分的依据。租船提单 是指承运人根据租船合同签发的一种提单。这种提单受到租船合同的约束。
16、保险的基本原则。保险利益原则; 最大诚信原则 ; 经济补偿原则 ;近因原则
17、由国际贸易活动而发生的货款结算,以结清买卖双方间的债权、债务关系,称之为国
际贸易结算。货款的结算主要涉及 支付工具、付款时间、付款地点及支付方式等问题。
18、国际贸易货款的支付方式有 汇付、托收、信用证、保理及银行保函。
19、我国海运货物保险条款及险别中海运基本险包括(1)平安险 ;(2)水渍险 ;(3)一切险。
20、我国海运保险条款使用最广泛,它的主要内容包括保险人承保责任范围、除外责任、责任起讫、被保险人的义务和 索赔期限 等。
三、简答题
1、国际货物买卖合同的条款一般要包括哪些条款?
答:货物的品名和质量;货物的数量;货物的包装;货物的价格;交货期;货款的支付;商品检验;索赔 不可抗力;仲裁。
2、FOB—装运港船上交货(„„指定装运港)卖方的义务有什么?
答:卖方的义务:必须在合同规定的装运期内,在指定的装运港将货物装上买方指定的船上,并承担货物 在装运港越过船舷之前的一切费用和风险;负责取得出口报关所需的各种证件,并负责办理出口手续;负 责提供商业发票和通常的单证(或电子数据交换信息),证明已完成交货装船的义务。及时通知买方已装船。
3、出口业务的基本程序是怎样的?
答:
1、交易前的准备。(1)、选择目标市场;(2)、制定出口商品经营方案;(3)、确定目标客户。
2、出 口交易磋商与订立合同。
3、履行出口合同。(1)、准备货物;(2)、落实信用证;(3)、安排运输;(4)、制单结汇。
4、使用FOB、CFR和CIF应注意什么问题?
答:应注意(1)、风险和费用的划分界限。(2)、船货衔接。(3)、装船通知。(4)、《美国对外贸易定义修 订本》对FOB术语的特殊解释。(5)、象征性交货。(6)、货物所有权与风险的转移问题。(7)、租船运输 时装卸费用的负担。
5、构成共同
国际贸易实务复习题(最终版)
本文2025-01-29 08:20:53发表“合同范文”栏目。
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