第一篇：2011年成人高考专升本英语复习资料

第一节 概 念

一、开音节

以发音的元音字母结尾、以“元音字母+不发音的e”结尾、以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e”结尾的音节都叫开音节。

如：no，be，note。

★发音的元音字母：a，e，i，o，u

二、闭音节

以“一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)”结尾的音节叫闭音节。

如：map，plan，west。

三、r音节

以“元音字母+r”构成的音节叫r音节。

如：car，doctor，teacher，dirty。词汇与语法

40个小题，共40分。

从2002，2003年的考题看，语法占20――25分。

第一节 名 词(null)

大纲要求掌握：

一、可数名词与不可数名词

二、可数名词的复数形式

三、名词的所有格

四、名词在句子中的作用

一、可数名词与不可数名词

名词分可数与不可数两种。

可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table，country。

或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family，people，committee，police。

不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air，tea，furniture，water。

或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work，information，advice，happiness。

有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词，在另一种场合下是不可数名词。

如room 房间(可数)，空间(不可数)

time 时间(不可数)，次数(可数)

fish 鱼(不可数)，各种各样的鱼(可数)

比较下列例句：

There are nine rooms in the house.(房间，可数名词)

There isnt enough room for us three in the car.(空间，不可数名词)

不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。

如： 一块肉 a piece of meat

两条长面包 two loaves of bread

三件家具 three articles of furniture

一大笔钱 a large sum of money

二、可数名词的复数形式

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下：

1.一般情况下在名词后加-s。如：girls，books。

★浊辅音、元音结尾，s发[z]

2.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如：glasses，boxes，matches，bushes。

★以s，x，ch，sh结尾，es发[iz]

3.“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：city-cities，country-countries。

4.以o结尾的词多数加-es。如：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes。

radios，zoos，photos，pianos，kilos 例外。

5.f，fe 结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。如：thief-thieves，leaf-leaves，half-halves，life-lives，wife-wives，knife-knives。

少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，child-children，mouse-mice。

★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。

个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses，Japanese，sheep，deer。

三、名词的所有格

名词的所有格表示所属关系，起形容词的作用。

当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加 s。

如：Jeans room，my daughter-in-laws friends，my daughters-in-laws friends，childrens books。

如果名词已经有了复数词尾s，则只需加。如：the teachers books，my parents car。

时间名词的所有格在后面加s，复数加。如：todays newspaper，five minutes walk。

当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由“of”短语构成。

如：the top of the world，the cover of the book，Chinas capital。

加 s 或 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。

如：the grocers，the tailors，the Smiths。

★名词所有格考试常见部分是

名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加s。

时间名词所有格在其后加s，或复数名词后直接加。

四、名词在句子中的作用

名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。

名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。

1.主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

All roads lead to Rome。(条条大路通罗马。)

His brother is an industrial engineer。

The number of the students attending the party is increasing。

★the number of 表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。

Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。

★two-thirds 三分之二

几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。

belong to 属于某人

Both of us are studying English。

★总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式；

几分之几，谓语单数形式；

both 谓语使用复数形式。

2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。

All the money he received was given to his mother。

Forgetting the past means betrayal。

What we are talking now is useless。

3.主语部分若有as well as，with，together with，like，but，except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。

Mary，as well as her two sisters，is a student of this school。

(as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式)

No one except my friends knows anything about it。

4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。“„+(×)„=„”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。

Three times two is six。

Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres.(three kilometers作为整体来看)

5.Either，neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neither of us has been to Italy。

Has either of them been to Shanghai?

none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。

None of the students have/has seen the film。

None of the money belongs to me。

6.主语由either„or，neither„nor，not only„but also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。

Not only you but also I am wrong。

Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon。

Either you or she is to do the work。

7.主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。

The bread and butter is nice。

8.主语前有many a，more than one修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Many a book has been read by the students。

★many a book=many books

More than one person has been to the Great Wall。

9.集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。

The committee meets once a year.(作为整体)

The committee are having a meeting now.(作为独立个体)

People，police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The police have come to arrest him。

名词部分考试重点

1、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。

2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。

3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加s，复数加。

4、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。

考点测试

1.Ten days ______ long enough for Mr.Carter to finish his design.He doesnt need any more。

A.is B.has been C.was D.had been

ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态)

答案 A

2.Now，many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs，for example，before the names of ______ in business letters。

A.woman manager B.women manager C.woman managers D.women managers

names 是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。

两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。

答案 D

3.The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen。

A.have increased B.has increased C.is increased D.are increasing

the number of 谓语动词用单数。

答案 B

4.Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。

A.was B.were C.would be D.have been

neither„„nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。

答案 A

5.The room is eight _______ long。

A.foot B.foots C.feet D.feets

foot 英尺，复数形式 feet

答案 C

6.When autumn comes，the ______ of trees begin to fall。

A.leafs B.leafes C.leaves D.leaf

leaf 的复数形式 leaves

答案 C

7.The flood has done _____ to this area。

A.damages B.many damages C.much damage D.damaging

8.Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting。

A.was present B.were present C.have been presented D.has been presented

not only„„ but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。

present 呈现，介绍

答案 A

9.One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century。

A.is B.was C.are D.were

one of 谓语用单数。

答案 B

10.Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education。

A.receive B.receives C.have received D.have been received

one out of 谓语用单数形式。

答案 B

11.Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。

A.has B.have C.will D.would

never before开头，句子倒装。

主语so many people为复数。

engage in doing sth.忙于做某事。

答案 B

12.At the bus stop _______ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina。

A.were B.was C.is D.sits and waits

主语 a soldier and two young people为复数

答案 A

13.There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream。

A.goes B.go C.gone D.was gone

主语 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream复数

答案 B

14.Mr.Brown，and not I，________ chosen to be the representative of the class。

A.is B.am C.are D.have been

主语 Mr.Brown

答案 A

15.The teacher，as well as a number of students，_______ to attend the party。

A.ask B.asks C.was asked D.were asked

谓语动词与as well as前面的名词一致。

答案 C

16.The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room。

A.was seated B.seated C.were seated D.were seating

谓语与 together with 前的名词一致

be seated 就坐

Please be seated ladies and gentlmen。

Seat the boy next to his brother。

答案 A

17.The father，rather than the brothers，_______ responsible for the accident。

A.is B.are C.have been D.has

主语 the father，单数

be responsible for 对„„负责

答案 A

18.Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert，but one of them has to stay home。

A.is coming B.are coming C.will coming D.have come

either„„or 谓语动词与临近主语一致。

答案 A

19.The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars。

A.is B.are C.has D.have

money 不可数名词，谓语动词单数。

答案 A

20.Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas。

A.is caught B。第二节 冠 词(1-4~2-2)

大纲要求：

1、不定冠词的基本用法

2、定冠词的基本用法

3、不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法

冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。

冠词分为定冠词(the)和不冠词(a或an)两类，定冠词表示特指，不定冠词表示泛指。

a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。

如：a university，a useful book，an umbrella，a horse，an honest man。

一、不定冠词的基本用法

1.表示“一”的含义。

Give me a pen please。

We go shopping twice a week。

2.泛指某个人或东西。

Yesterday we visited an English secondary school。

She picked up a magazine and began to read。

3.表示一类人或东西。

He works as a language teacher in that university。

As a writer，he is successful。

Even a child can answer this question。

可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。

二、定冠词的基本用法

1.表示特定的人或东西。

Give me the magazine。

Have you decided on the prices yet?

The book on the table is an English dictionary。

Beijing is the capital of China。

2.复述前文提到的人或东西。

Last week，I saw a flim.The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people。

The old man saw a house in the field.He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing。

3.用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。

the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤的人

the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old 老年人

the young 年青人

4.用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。

the moon，the sun，the earth

The moon moves aroud the earth。

We have friends all over the world。

Dont build castles in the air。

5.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。

January is the first month of the year。

The sun rises in the east。

Japan lies to the east of China。

Beijing lies in the north of China。

Ireland lies on the Great Britain。

At the Childrens Palace，some children learn to play the piano，others learn to play the violin。

Last week we went to the theatre。

Among the three girls she speaks English the best。

“东、南、西、北”作副词时，前面不加冠词。

We are walking south。

形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。

Monday is my busiest day。

6.用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。

The Lius have moved to Guangzhou。

The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.7.不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示特定部分、特定内容时，前面需加定冠词。

Drink some water。

Is the water in the well fit for drink?

What do you think of the music?

He cant take the advice his mother gives him。

三、不加冠词的基本规则

1.季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。

If winter comes can spring be far behind?

We have few classes on Sunday。

10.1 is National Day。

2.表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词，但乐器前需加定冠词。

What did you have for lunch?

Dinner is ready。

Lets go and watch them play chess。

My elder brother likes to play football。

The boys are learnig to play the guitar。

play the piano

play the violin

3.有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。

at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning

in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town

in front of(at the back of)at distance(in the distance)

as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold

冠词考试重点

冠词所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。

1、什么时候加定冠词。

2、可数名词单数出现，必须用a或an或定冠词修饰，不能单独出现。

3、什么情况下，不用加冠词。

冠词易考：

1、冠词修饰名词。

Please go _____ upstairs after you have finished the lunch。

upstairs是副词，前面不需要加冠词。

2、可数名词单数泛指，前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。

Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English。

I have been waiting for him for half an hour。

3、名词特指时，前面加定冠词。

He is enjoying his stay in Denmark，but has some difficulty with the language。

Is the water from the tap fit for drink?

4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指，前面不加冠词；大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。

As we know，the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends。

They left for work after supper。

The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II。(the Sencond World War)

5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。

Without any news from Tom for a long time，his father left for Shanghai to see him。

They will travel by air。

I will help you for the sake of your sister。(for the sake of 因为)

I will go to school on foot。

My mother is in hospital。

He has been in prison for two years。

典型例题

1.______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II。

A.The;the B.A;the C.The;/ D.A;/

World War II是专有名词

答案：C

2.Can you play _____?

A.piano B.pianos C.a piano D.the piano

答案：D

3.“Youve been very busy lately。”

“So busy I havent had time to clean my house.There is _____ wherever you look。”

A.dust B.a dust C.the dust D.dusts

dust 是不可数名词

答案：A

4.The station? Take the second turning _______。

A.to left then go straight on B.on the left，then go straight on

C.to left，then go right forward D.to the left，then go right forward

on the left 在左边

答案：B

5.My mother usually has _____ bed。

A.the breakfast B.breakfast in

C.the breakfast in the D.breakfast in the

in bed 躺在床上

答案：B

in the bed 在床里面

6.He stole the money and they put him _________。

A.at prison B.at the prison C.in prison D.in the prison

in prison 进监狱

答案：C

7.Even on Sundays，fewer people go to ______ church than before。

A.the B.a C./ D.that

go to church 去教堂 go to school 去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to college 去大学

答案：C

8._________ look much alike。

A.Smiths sisters B.Smith sisters C.Two Smith sisters D.The Smith sisters

表示一家人，前面加 the

答案 D 代 词(2-2~3-3)

包括

人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。

一、人称代词

人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分，在句子中可以作主语和宾

语。英语中有下列人称代词：

在并列的主语或宾语中，I或me 通常放在后面。如：

Liping and I are in charge of the work。

My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow。

二、物主代词

物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语，名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语(接在of 后面)。英语中有下列物主代词：

名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如：

My bag is yellow，his(his bag)is black and theirs(their bags)are brown。

三、反身代词

英语中有下列反身代词：

反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如：

Please help yourself to some tea。(宾语)

The boy is too young to look after himself。(宾语)

Ill be myself again in no time。(表语)

The desk itself is not so heavy.(同位语)

I fixed the door myself.(同位语)

四、指示代词

指示代词包括this，that，these，those 和such，在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等(such不作宾语)。

that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。用the one 的时候更多一些。如：

These machines are better than those we turned out last year.生产

The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year.产量

The best wine is that from France。

My room is lighter than the one next door。

Ill take the seat next to the one by the window。

The film is more funny than that one。

that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。如：

They have no time to read the books.Thats their trouble。

She was ill yesterday.Thats why she was absent。

I want to know this： How much money we have left?

What I want to say is this： Pronunciation is very important in learning English。

this 和that 有时还可以用来表示程度。如：

I dont want that much。

He is not that wise。

The book is about this thick。

五。疑问代词

疑问代词包括what，which，who，whom，whose，可以用来构成特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词从句。What，which，who在句子中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。如：

Who is speaking?(主语)

Which do you prefer，the yellow one or the white one?(宾语)

Whats your sister?(表语)

The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer。(引导定从句)

The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department.(引导定从句)

This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon.(引导定从句)

I dont remember whom I have lent my dictionary to.(引导宾语从句)

疑问代词what，which，who，whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如：

Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?谁这么深更半夜来找人？

Ill say whatever comes into my head。

Take whichever book you like。

六。不定代词

不定代词包括both，either，neither，all，none，no，one，each，every，few，a few，little，a little，many，much，some，any，other，another，以及some，any，no，every构成的合成代词。

(一)both，either，neither

both 表示“两者(都)”，either表示“(两者之中)任何一个”，neither表示“(两者之中)没有一个”。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语，both还可以作同位语。

My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play。(be good at 擅长做某事)

Neither of the answers is right。

Either of the books belongs to you。

You and I are both to blame。

You both agreed to stay。

Both 放在实意动词前，系动词be 的后面。

(二)all，none，no，one

all和none用于三者以上的场合，分别表示“全部都”和“一个都没有”，none往往与of连用。

All of us are fond of sports。(be fond of 爱好)

We are all for him。(be for sb 支持某人)

Grasp all，lose all.什么都抓，什么都抓不住。(谚)

None of them know how to read and write。

A friend to all is a friend to none.滥交者无友。(谚)

None of us are perfect。

None of them has had that kind of experience。

no表示“没有”，在句子中只能作定语，相当于not a 或not any，not否定动词，no否定名词。

Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。(谚)

No man is born wise.没有人是生来聪明的。(谚)

Im no dancer.(Im not a dancer。)

one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠词，可以有自己的定语，还可以有复数形式。

Your answer is a good one。

I dont like coloured envelopes.I like white ones。

I havent got a raincoat.Ill have to buy one。

(三)each，every

each 和every表示“每一个”，every 在句子中只能作定语，each 可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。

The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher。(shake hands with 握手)

The students try to set aside a little money each month。(set aside 节约)

From each according to his ability，to each according to his needs(work)。各尽所能，按需分配。

I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well。

There is every possibility of our winning the game。

every 还常用在every little while(每隔一会)，every other day，every three days(每隔两天)，every ten miles(每隔十英里)，every now and then(不时)，every four years，every other line，one out of every three students。

(四)few，a few，little，a little，many，much

few，a few，many 修饰或指代可数名词，little，a little，much修饰或指代不可数名词。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。

Many hands make light work.人多好办事。(谚)

Few words are best.话少最好。(谚)

They don‘t take much interest in it。

I know little about it。

There‘s a little water left in the jar。

Few of them have been to India。

I‘ve read a few books written by Dickens。

(五)other，the other，others，the others，another

Forty people came to the meeting.Two of them were from Japan，the others from America。

Many people came to attend the meeting.Some were from Japan，others were from America。

The United States，unlike many other countries，receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world。

The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other。(so„„that 如此以至于 tell sb.from 区分)

Some students are watering the flowers，others are weeding the fields。

The task will be finished in another three days。

Four of them are in the classroom.What about the others?

Please give me another example to illustrate your point。

There are three apples on the table.One is for my mother，another is for my father and the third is for me。

七、it的用法

1.指代一个人或事物。

Its only a fifteen-minute ride to my school。

It often rains in the south of China。

“Whos that?” “Its Liming。”

Its early spring。

2.作句子的形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。

It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise。

It cost me five yuan to buy the pen。

The color TV set costs me more than 2，000 yuan。

I spent ten hours in finishing the work。

I spent twenty yuan on the shirt。

It is no use crying now.Youd better study hard now。(it is no use doing sth.)

To his surprise，it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination。(to ones surprise 使某人感到惊奇)

Its a pity that you didnt watch the match。

It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day。

3.作句子的形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。

They all regard it their duty to help the poor people。

I dont think it worthwhile taking so much trouble。(Its worthwhile doing.做„„事是值得的)

We find it difficult to learn English without practicing。

I think it no use telling them。

I dont think it very important that we should take part in the discussion。(take part in 参加)

He feels it his duty to help others。

4.构成强调句型。当强调的部分是主语，并且主语是人时，句型中的that 也可以换作who。

强调句基本构成 it is that„

It is in the room that we met each other for the first time。

It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games。(not until 直到„„才)

It was they who attended the meeting last week。

It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it。

考试重点

that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。

不定代词中，both 放在实意动词前，系动词be 的后面。every只能跟名词，each可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。every在代词部分要出现当每隔„„讲。

few，a few，many 修饰或指代可数名词，little，a little，much修饰或指代不可数名词。few，little表示否定。

one the other，some others，the others

it用法重点就是强调句。it作为形式宾语时不接is。

代词部分的难点之一是名词型物主代词与形容词型物主代词的区别。顾名思义，形容词型物主代词起的是形容词的作用，在句子中只能作定语，名词型物主代词起的是名词的作用，代替上文出现的名词，在句子中一般作主语、宾语、表语等。

Lets clean their room first and ______ later。

A.our B.us C.we D.ours

(答案为D，ours 相当于our room。)代词部分的主要考核点是不定代词。如some，any，few，a few，little，a little，many，much，one，none，all，both，either，neither，each，every，other，another，以及some，any，no，every 与body，one，thing 构成的合成代词。

(1)泛指与特指。如：another，other，others 是泛指，the other，the others是特指。

(2)肯定与否定。如：a few，a little，either，some 及其合成代词表示肯定，few，little，none，neither，any 及其合成代词表示否定。

(3)可数与不可数。如：few，a few，many，one 修饰或指代可数名词，little，a little，much修饰或指代不可数名词。

代词部分的另一个考核点是it。

it 可以代替上文出现的单数事物。

The picture was changed while drawn from memory as it passed through the class.(it 指代the picture。)

it takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事

It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop。

He made it plain that he was annoyed with me。

it 还可以构成强调句型，即“It is / was +被强调的部分+ that „”。当强调的部分是人，并且是主语时，that可以换成who。强调句去掉it is / was 与that即成为普通的句子。

It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant。

It was she who / that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight。

典型例题

1.“How often do you take the medicine ?”

“______ four hours。”

A.For B.Any C.Every D.Each

答案 C

2.“Is this bike yours?”

“No，its ______。”

A.Bob B.Bobs C.Bobs D.Bobs

答案 C

3.“Is there ______ good on TV this evening?”

“Sorry，nothing good.”

A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything

肯定句中用something，否定句和疑问句中用anything。

答案 C

4.You have a good suggestion，but its not as practical as _______。

A.he B.him C.his D.her

答案 C

5.A chemist prepares his experiments carefully before trying to carry _____ in his lab。

A.it out B.out it C.them out D.out them

carry out 实施 宾格放在词组中间，名词放在词组后面。如，carry out his experiments

答案 C

6.Nowadays _____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls.That is why many companies have developed special foods to help people to slim(苗条)。

A.everyone B.anybody C.somebody D.no one

enjoy doing sth。

anybody在疑问句和否定句中指没有人，在肯定句中指任何人。

答案 D

7.You have to hurry up if you want to buy eggs because theres hardly _____ left。

A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything

hardly 否定词，几乎不的意思。

答案 A

8.He felt bad because he had drunk too _____ the night before。

A.many B.much C.few D.little

本题主要考查可数名词和不可数名词。

drink too much 喝多了

too much wine 太多的酒

答案 B

9.She promised her parents to write _______ while she was away。

A.other day B.another day C.every other day D.any other day

every other 每隔„„

答案 C

10.It was terrible.One passenger was killed，and _____ was badly hurt。

A.the others B.rest C.the rest D.the other

he others后面谓语动词接复数。

答案 D

11.Some people hope to be more successful while _____ simply want to feel more comfortable。

A.the others B.others C.the other D.another

some others

comfortable 舒适的 答案 B

12.If anyone happens to call while I am out of the office，please have ________ leave a message for me。

A.he B.him C.they D.them

have sb.do sth.让某人做某事

答案 B

13.The first thing that my brother and _______ did in the early morning was to go out to see the pony。

A.I B.me C.mine D.my

pony 小马

主语 first thing，谓语动词 was to go out to see，宾语 the pony。

答案 A

14.“Id like some more bananas。”

“Im sorry，there is _______ left。”

A.no B.some C.few D.none

答案 D

15.There are two windows in this bedroom._______ of them face south，overlooking a beautiful park。

A.Both B.One C.The two D.Either

either 开头谓语动词要接单数，both谓语动词用复数 答案 A

16.The jacket doesnt fit Terry，as he has _______ huge body and the jacket is _____ small。

A.such a;such B.such a;so

C.so;so D.so;such a

such修饰名词，so修饰形容词。

so huge the body

答案 B

17.“Why are you smiling?”

“Oh，Ive just thought of _________。”

A.funny something B.something funny

C.nothing funny D.funny anything

形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面。

不定代词：something，anything，somebody，anybody，nothing，nobody。

答案 B

18.Young babies can use _________ hand equally well。

A.either B.each C.both D.every

强调两者之中任何一个

答案 A

19._______ road out of town is good，but this one is better than the other。

A.Both B.All C.None D.Neither

答案 D

20.“I felt a bit hungry。”

“Why dont you have ______ bread?”

A.any B.some C.little D.a piece

习语 Why dont you have some„„

答案 B

21.It was at the music hall _______ we met each other for the first time。

A.when B.where C.which D.that

强调句

答案 D

22.Modern technology has made ______ possible for the whole world to be closer than ever before。

A.this B.that C.it D its

it is possible „„是可能的 答案 C

23.It is during his spare time _______ John has been studying a course in French。

A.when B.that C.which D.what

it is„„ 强调句

答案 B

24.“Have you heard the news about Tom?”

“No，what _______ ?”

A.was it B.were they C.are they D.is it

news 当消息讲是不可数名词

答案 D

25.I wonder why ________ possible for you to do the work by yourself。

A.you B.you are C.it isnt D.you were

I wonder why 宾语从句

答案 C

26.“Did Amys parents leave her any money?”

“No，she has to support ______ now。”

A.herself B.by herself C.all alone D.on her own

support oneself 养活自己

答案 A

27.In _____ own way，mathematics can be as creative and exciting as poetry。

A.it B.its C.their D.theirs

mathematics 数学(单数)

答案 B

28.Neighbors ought to respect _______。

A.themselves B.one another C.each one D.to each other

答案 B

29.This furniture is different from _______。

A.ones B.your C.that one D.that

furniture是不可数名词，答案 D

30.For ______ interested in nature，the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer。

A.that B.this C.these D.those

hike 徒步旅行，overnight campinng在野外露营

答案 D

31.“May I help you with some shoes，sir?”

“Yes，Id like to try on those brown _______。”

A.one B.ones C.two D.pair

shoes是复数，对应ones

try on 试穿

答案 B

32.“Do you like the book Sidney gave you?”

“Very much.Its exactly _______ I wanted。”

A.one which B.the one C.one that D.one what

下文提到上文提到的单数可数名词，用the one

答案 B

33.“Shall I mail the letter for you?”

“Yes，Id appreciate ________。”

A.that you do B.you to do it C.this D.it

指代前面提到的事，用it。

答案 D

34.The patient chiefly lived on milk and fruit because he had ______ to eat。

A.nothing else B.anything else C.something other D.nothing other

修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面。

live on 以„„为生

答案 A

35.________ doesnt matter what you do at this point。

A.They B.All C.He D.It

it doesnt matter 没关系

答案 D

36.People have proved _________ to be true that the heat we get from coal and oil comes from the sun。

A.that B.it C.this D./

it 是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。

答案 B

37.I dont think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work。

A.it B.that C.this D.those

答案 A

38.“Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?”

“No，______ only the two passengers who got hurt。”

A.it was B.there is C.it were D.there was

强调句

答案 A

39.__________ he realized it was too late to return home。

A.No sooner it grew dark than B.Hardly it grew dark when

C.It was not until dark that D.Scarcely it grew dark when

no sonner than=as soon as 一„„就„„

scarcely when=as soon as

hardly when=as soon as

答案 C

40.It was not until she arrived in class ________ realized she had forgotten her book。

A.and B.when she C.she D.that she

not until 直到„„才

答案 D

41.It was ______ who arrived there first，despite our detour(绕路)。

A.us B.we C.our D.ours

答案 B

42.It was _______ the next morning that Kunta began to think about where he was going。

A.after B.before C.when D.not until

after 在„„之后

before 在„„之前

when 当„„时候

not until 直到„„才

答案 D

43.It was _______ he got a map that he started on his away。

A.until B.till C.not until D.not till

until 直到

till 直到

not until 直到„„才

答案 C 数 词(3-3~4-1)

大纲要求

基数词及其用法；序数词的构成及其用法；分数词的构成；小数的用法。

一、基数词及其主要用法

表示数目的词称基数词。15 fifteen，几百几千不加s，242 two hundred and forty-two，5058 five thousand and fifty-eight，9，600，000 nine million six hundred thousand

1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。

6+8=14 Six plus eight is fourteen。

9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two。

7X5= 35 Seven times five is thirty-five。

8÷4=2 Eight pided by four is two。

2.基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。

He died in his fifties。

This took place in 1990s/1990s。

The professor became successful in his thirties。

3.基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。

1700 seventeen hundred

1814 eighteen fourteen

9：20 nine twenty

11：30 eleven thirty/ half past eleven

5：45 five forty-five/ a quarter to six

88760231 eight eight seven，six zero two，three one

4.基数词可以用于编号。

Number six，line 4，page 19，Bus(No。)332，Platform(No。)5，Room 101

5.基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。

A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell。

This eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words。

(The baby is eleven months old。)

The teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework。

(There are four thousand words in the essay。)

This four-paragraph essay is too difficult for me to understand。

(There are four paragraphs in this essay.)

二、序数词及其主要用法

表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first，second，third，fourth，ninth，twenty-first，forty-fifth等。

序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。May the first / the first of May(5.1)，August the eighth / the eighth of August(8.8)，the twentieth century，the twenty-first century

序数词在句子中前面一般加the

The first of October is our National Day。

She was the third to arrive。

序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示“再一”又一“。

Theyll have to do it a second time。

Shall I ask him a third time?

When he sat down，a fourth man rose to ask。

三、分数词的构成

分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，若分子大于1，分母需用复数。

two-thirds(2/3)，one-third(1/3)，nine-tenths(9/10)，five-twelfths(5/12)。

特殊表达法有：one half(1/2)，a quarter(1/4)，three quarters(3/4)

考试重点

基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语，名词不能加s。

数词部分需特别注意dozen，hundred，million，billion 等词。表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式，表示不具体的数字时，须用dozens of，hundreds of 这类的结构。

I want three dozen of these。

He has been there dozens of times。

It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm。

A.hundred B.hundred of C.hundreds of D.some hundreds

(答案 C)

当数词与名词及其他词构成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中的名词须用单数形式。

The homework for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word composition about your hometown。

Mary is a eleven-year-old girl。

(Mary is eleven years old。)

典型例题

1.In ______ century computers will be used more widely。

A.twenty-one B.the twenty-one C.twenty-first D.the twenty-first

序数词前加the。

答案 D

2.The meeting will be held in _______。

A.112 Room B.Room 112 C.the 112 Room D.the Room 112

答案 B

3.The Great Wall of China is about 6，700 _______。

A.kilometer long B.kilometers long

C.kilometer longer D.kilometers longer

答案 B

4.“How many presidents were there before Abraham Lincoln?”

“Fifteen，so he was ______。”

A.the sixteen president B.the sixteenth president

C.president sixteen D.president the sixteenth

the sixteenth president 第十六任总统

答案 B

5.“What did the professor tell you to do?”

“I had to write a ______ report.”

A.two thousand words B.two-thousands-word

C.two-thousand-word D.two-thousand words

答案 C

6.“Did you buy anything at the clothing sale?”

“Yes，I bought three _____ ties for just twelve dollars。”

A.five dollars B.five-dollars C.five-dollar D.fifth dollar

答案 C

7.Eight minus three _______ five。

A.leave B.leaves C.left D.has left

一般现在时

答案 B

8.What date is it ? Its ________。

A.July twentieth-first B.July the twenty-first

C.the twenty-first of July D.Both B and C

7月21日：July the twenty-first

the twenty-first of July

答案：D

9.When he was in his ________，he got the chance to go abroad to study。

A.forty B.fortys

C.fortys years old D.forties

答案：D

10.“Rex told me you have moved。”

“Yes，into a _______。”

A.two-storey house B.house of two story

C.house of two stories D.two-stories house

答案：A

11.“I would like to register this letter。”

“Please go to _______ on your left。”

A.third window B.window third

C.the window three D.the third window

register 挂号，邮寄

答案：D 形容词与副词(4-1~5-2)

大纲要求：

形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。

一、形容词在句子中的作用

1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

A good boy must behave himself.好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)

I like this red dress very much。(定语)

She is beautiful.(表语)

The patient is asleep.(表语)

Who has got the window open?(宾语补足语)

Ive got everything ready for the class.(宾语补足语)

I said it would happen，and sure enough it did happen。(独立成分)

2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语。

This is a red dress.The dress is red。

alike，afraid，alone，asleep，awake，aware，alive，ashamed，content。，unable

二、副词在句子中的作用

副词在句子中主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子。

Unfortunately，he wasnt at home when I came.(修饰整个句子)

Luckily，she wasnt injured in the accident。(修饰整个句子)

Her pronunciation is very good。(修饰形容词)

I have been extremely busy these days。(修饰形容词)

I can hardly agree with you。(修饰动词)

He works terribly(quite)hard.(修饰副词)

三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成

1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er，-est。

如：small，smaller，smallest;great，greater，greatest;clever，cleverer，cleverest;quiet，quieter，quietest;common，commoner，commonest;narrow，narrower，narrowest。

2、以e结尾的词加-r，-st。

如：larger，larger，largest;simple，simpler，simplest;polite，politer，politest;brave，braver，bravest;fine，finer，finest。

3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i 再加-er，-est。

如：busy，busier，busiest;heavy，heavier，heaviest;happy，happier，happiest。

4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er，-est。(一个辅音字母结尾；重读闭音节)

如：big，bigger，biggest;thin，thinner，thinnest;hot，hotter，hottest。

双音节词，多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more，most。

如：difficult，more difficult，most difficult，interesting，more interesting，most interesting;useful，more useful，most useful。

特殊的比较级和最高级

四、形容词和副词比较级的用法

1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用，表示与什么相比。

This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel。

为了避免重复，从句常用一些代词。

比较必须是两个相同的成分。

Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company。

Small oranges are usually sweeter than big ones。

It is better to be prepared than unprepared。

This is easier said than done。

She is taller than I(me)。

I meet with more difficulties than she does。

The girls in my class are more active than those in his class。

1、有than 就要考虑比较级。

2、比较的成分要完全一致。

2、“比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越„”。

My father walked faster and faster until I could no longer keep up with him。

keep up with 跟上，赶上

no longer=not any longer

My father walked faster and faster until I couldnt keep up with him any longer.(not 用来否定动词)

Our country is getting stronger and stronger。

Things are getting better and better every day。

Im getting more and more interested in arts。

get interested in 对„„感兴趣

3.“the +比较级„，the+比较级”，表示“越是„就越„”。

The more haste，the less speed.欲速则不达。

The harder she works，the more progress she makes。

make progress 取得进步

The more I study it，the more I like it。

Actually，the busier he is，the happier he feels。

The more preparation you do now，the less nervous youll be before the exam。

The sooner you start，the faster youll be finished。

五、形容词和副词最高级的用法

最高级的前面通常要加定冠词，副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略。最高级在使用时通常有一个短语或从句表示比较的范围。

Of all the places Ive visited，I like Hangzhou best。

This is the worst movie Ive ever seen。

Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world。

For me，Tuesday is one of the busiest day in the week。

Among all the students，he runs(the)fastest。

比较级前面有时也加the，表示两者之间“较„的一个”。

Both of the two girls are beautiful，but I think the tall one is more beautiful of the two。

The five-year-old boy chose the more expensive of the two toys。

六、“as+原级+as”，“not as / so +原级+as”

“as+原级+as”，表示“和„一样„”，“not as / so +原级+as”表示“不及„”。

He is as good a swimmer as any of us。注意 good 的位置

Hes as tall as I。

It is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan。

He does not smoke so heavily as his father。

French is just as difficult a language as English。

She is as good a cook as her mother。

I have never seen so beautiful a place as Hangzhou。

never 否定含义

类似的还有：hardly，little，few

“as+原级+as one can”和“as +原级+as possible”表示“尽可能地„”。

Come as soon as possible。

There is nothing we can do but wait as calmly as we can。

there is nothing„but„，but后一定跟动词原形

“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。

My new coat cost me four times as much as the old one。

先说倍数，然后在as+原级+as

cost 花费，主语是物。spend，主语是人。

It takes sb.some time to do sth。

spend in doing sth。

spend on sth。

This room is twice as large as that one。

This room is twice larger than that one。

七、比较级、最高级和“as+原级+as”前面都可以有表示程度的状语。

The sun is much bigger than the earth。

错误：The sun is more bigger than the earth。

She is by far the cleverest girl in our class。

by far 到目前为止

Its becoming the third largest city in the country。

They have many more chemistry books than we。

There is much more water in this jar than that one。

They will come back a little earlier。

This time she ran a good deal faster。

Tom is six centimeters taller than John。

Of all the workers in the factory，Alice is by far the most skilled。

重点掌握：

1、只能作表语的形容词。

2、特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。

3、比较级多用than，个别情况下用 of the two。比较时，前后成分一定一致。

4、the +比较级„，the+比较级

5、as+原级+as，not as / so +原级+as

6、“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。

He is almost as tall as his brother。

My father isnt as old as he looks。

This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English。

Spanish people usually speak more quickly than English people。

Winter is drawing near.Its getting colder and colder。

The more you practise writing，the better you will do it。

The more work we give our brains，the more work it is able to do。

典型例题：

1.We are not _______ to afford a car yet。

A.enough money B.money enough

C.rich enough D.enough rich

1、enough 作为形容词放在可数复数名词和不可数名词前。

Have you got enough sandwiches for lunch?

Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have coffee。

2、enough 作为代词。

Six bottles of wine will be enough。

I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show。

3、enough 作为副词，放在动词、形容词和其他副词的后面。

You dont practice enough at the piano。

Is the river deep enough for swimming(to swim in)？

She isnt good enough for the exam。

答案 C

2.“Its six oclock and your father is still at the office。”

“I know，who else would _______ he does?”

A.be as hard working as B.as working harder than

C.do harder work than D.work as hard as

as+原级+as

答案 D

3.“Ralph seems to like this country。”

“Yes，he is _______ here as he was at home。”

A.almost as happy B.as happy almost

C.as almost happy D.almost happy as

as+原级+as

almost(already)放在系动词be的后面，其他动词的前面。

答案 A

4.They say Mexico City is more populous than _______ in the world。

A.any city

B.any other city

C.any else city D.any rest city

populous 人口众多的 单数一定要跟单数比。

答案 B

5.Most of the students have made _______ progress in their study of English than we first expected。

A.more great B.more greater

C.far greater D.far more greater

答案 C

6.General George Brown was older than _________ in his regiment(军团)。

A.any officer B.any other officer

C.any others officer D.any officer else 答案 B

7.The French seem far more interested in reading about Africa _______ about their nearest neighbors。

A.as B.than C.the same D.so

more 为比较级，只能than

答案 B

8.It usually takes much _______ time to fly from one country to another than to travel by train。

A.more B.less C.little D.least

有than，肯定是比较级。

答案 B

9.Frank plays _________ Alex。

A.a lot more better than B.much more better than

C.a lot better than D.much more well than

答案 C

10.Have you finished your homework? This lesson is ________ than the last one。

A.more easier B.more easy

C.very easier D.much easier

答案 D

11.Young people regard Bob Dylan as _________ other musicians。

A.more better than B.more superior than

C.superior to D.more perfect to

superior 没有比较级。

superior to 优于

答案 C

12.“Wont you have more meat?”

“No，thanks.Ive had ________ enough already。”

A.beyond B.more than

C.greater than D.plenty of

more than happy(glad)to do sth.高兴做某事

I am more than happy to take you there in my car。

答案 B

13.Id like to leave my car near here.Wheres the ______，please?

A.nearest parking B.next parking

C.nearest car parking D.next car park

答案 A

14.The harder they worked，____________。

A.they seemed to do less B.the less they seemed to do

C.they were doing less D.they did less

the +比较级„，the+比较级

答案 B

15.“Do you enjoy the new camera?”

“Yes，_______，the more skilled I become。”

A.as I take more pictures B.the more pictures I take

C.as more pictures I take D.the pictures I take more

the +比较级„，the+比较级

答案 B

16.The more we looked at the abstract painting，_______。

A.the less we liked it B.we like it less

C.better we liked it D.it looked better

the +比较级„，the+比较级

答案 A

17.The new large passenger jets have made the traffic problems at airports _______。

A.more bad than it was B.the worse than before

C.worse than ever before D.more bad than they were

make+名词+形容词 使„„成为，变为

The news makes her happy。

His actions make him universally respected。

答案 C

18.Of the two lectures，the first was by far the _______。

A.good B.better C.best D.worst

by far跟形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用时，放在这类词的后面。

如果这类词带有冠词，放前，放后都可以。

It is quicker by far to go by train。

She is the best by far.(She is by far the best。)

答案 B

19.Kansas is _________ states in Americas mid-west。

A.one of the flattest B.the flattest

C.as flatter as D.flattest of the

答案 A

20.On the day he was to give his speech，Paul was suffering from one of _______ colds he had ever had。

A.bad B.worse C.the worst D.bad of all

答案 C

suffer from 遭受„„罪

21.The steel output of this year will be bigger than _____ last year。

A.this of B.the one C.that of D.those of

output 产量

指上文提到的用that或those。

答案 C

22.Japan has taken a more independent stand ________。

A.as it does before B.as it did before

C.than it does a few years ago D.than it did a few years ago

stand 立场

答案 D

23.Her English is very good.She can speak English better than _____ in her grade。

A.any one B.the one

C.anyone else D.other student

other的用法：

1、other常跟名词复数或单数不可数名词连用。

Moral beauty ought to be ranked above all other beauty。

2、前面有the，this，that，some，any，each，every，no，none，one以及形容词性物主代词时，other可跟单数名词连用。

Every member must bring one other person。

There must be some other reason for him refusing to help。

another的用法：another表示单数概念，后面接单数名词或代词one。

Dont say another word。

another也可跟前面有数词的复数名词连用。

He went back to work too soon，and was laid up for another three months。

one„the other„ 一个„另一个„

one„another„(同组内的两个个体)

答案 C

24.The new model costs twice ________ last years。

A.more than B.as much as C.as many as D.than

“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。

The new model costs twice more than last years。

答案 B

25.This one isnt good.That one is _______ worse。

A.more B.very C.quite D.even

quite后面只能跟原级。This one is quite bad。

very的用法：

1、用于形容词、副词前，加强语气。(非常，十分)

very quickly，very soon

2、用于形容词最高级或own之前。(十足，完全)

the very best quality，six oclock at the very latest

3、very 表示正是„„ Sitting in the very same seat。

答案 D 介 词(05-2~06-3)

考试大纲要求：<