计算机专业课程名称英文翻译

第一篇:计算机专业课程名称英文翻译
计算机专业课程名称英文翻译
(计算机科学与技术(教师教育)专业的课程名称和英文名称)中国现代史纲要 Outline of Moderm Chinese History 5 大学英语 College English 6 大学体育 College PE 7 心理学 Psychology 8 教育学 Pedagogy 9 现代教育技术 Modern Technology 10 教师口语 Teachers' Oral Skill 11 形势与政策 Current Situation and Policy 12 大学生就业与指导 Career Guidance 13 学科教学法 Course Teaching Methodology 14 生理与心理健康教育15 环境与可持续发展 Environment and Sustainable Development 16 文献检索 Literature Retrieval 17 大学体育 College PE 18 大学语文 College Chinese 19 高等数学 Higher Mathematics 20 计算机导论 Introduction to ComputerScience 21 程序设计基础 Programming Foundations
Health and Physiology Education 22 程序设计基础实验 Experimentation of ProgrammingFoundations 23 线性代数 Linear Algebra 24 大学物理 College Physics 25 大学物理实验 Experimentation of CollegePhysics 26 电路与电子技术 Circuits and Electronics 27 电工与电子技术实验 Experimentation of Circuits andElectronics 28 数字逻辑电路 Digital Logic Circuit 29 数字逻辑电路 Experimentation of DigitalLogic Circuit 30 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics 31 数据结构 Data Structures 32 数据结构实验 Experimentation of DataStructures 33 计算机组成与系统结构Architecture 34 操作系统 Operating System 35 操作系统实验 Experimentation of Operating System 36 计算机网络 Computer Network 37 计算机网络实验 Experimentation of Computer Network 38 面向对象程序设计 Object-Oriented Programming 39 面向对象程序设计实验Programming 40 汇编语言程序设计 Assembly Language
of Object-Oriented Computer Organization and Experimentation 41 汇编语言程序设计实验 Experimentation of Assembly Language 42 概率与数理统计 Probability and Statistics 43 JAVA语言 Java Language 45 JAVA语言实验 Experimentation of Java Language 46 数据库原理 Databases Principles 47 数据库原理实验 Experimentation of Databases Pninciples 48 专业英语 Discipline English 49 人工智能导论 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 50 算法设计与分析 Design and Analysis Of Algorithms 51 微机系统与接口 Microcomputer System and Interface 52 编译原理 Compiling Principles 53 编译原理实验 Experimentation of Compiling 54 数学建模 Mathematics Modeling 55 软件工程 Software Engineering
计算机专业课程名称英文翻译下(2)
(计算机科学与技术(教师教育)专业的课程名称和英文名称)56 软件工程实验 Experimentation of Software Engineering 57 嵌入式系统 Embedded System 58 嵌入式系统实验 Experimentation of Embedded System 59 多媒体技术 Multimedia Technology 60 Experimentation of Multimedia Technology 61 信息系统分析与设计 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 62 UNIX操作系统分析 UNIX System Analysis 63 UNIX/Linux操作系统分析 Experimentation of UNIX/Linux SystemAnalysis 64 单片机原理 Principles of Single-ChipComputer 65 信息安全与保密概论 Introduction to Security andm Cryptography 66 Web应用技术 Applications of Web 67 高级数据库应用技术Advanced Application of Database Technology 68 组网技术 Technology ofBuildingNetwork 69 组网技术实验 Technology of Building Network 70 计算机图形学 Computer Graphics 71 嵌入式接口技术 Embedded Interface 72 嵌入式接口技术实验Experimentation of Embedded Interface 73 数字图像处理 Digital Images Processing 74 数字图像处理实验 Digital Images Processing 75 网络应用软件开发 Network Application Development
XML原理与应用 XML Principle and Application 77 XML原理与应用实验 Experimentation ofXML Principle
andApplication 78 计算机系统维护 Maintenance of Computer System 79 计算机系统维护实验 Experimentation of Computer
Maintenance 80 网络管理技术 Network Management Technology 81 网络管理技术实验 Experimentation of NetworkManagement 82 数据仓库与数据挖掘 Data Storage and Data Digging 83 项目管理 Project Management 84 软件开发实例 Cases of Sotiware Development 85 企业资源规划(ERP)Enterprise Resource Planning 86 新技术 New Technology 87 科研创作指导 Supervision in Science ResearchCreation 88 电子商务概论 Introduction of ElectronicBusiness 89 计算机辅助教学 Computer Aided Teaching
另:
计算机导论 Introduction to ComputerScience 程序设计基础 Foundations ofProgramming 电路与电子技术 Circuits and Electronics 数字逻辑电路 Digital Logic Circuit 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics 数据结构 Data Structures 计算机组成与系统结构 Computer Organization and Architecture 操作系统 Operating System 计算机网络 Computer Network 面向对象程序设计 Object-Oriented Progjamming 数据库原理 Databases Principles
第二篇:课程名称
小学音乐五年级上册课程纲要
课程名称
九年义务教育六年制音乐第九册 总课时
31课时 课程类型
必修课程
学生、教材及其他资源背景分析:
本册教材系人民音乐出版社出版的义务教育九年一贯制音乐教科书第九册。本册教材在编写上主要思路是:以审美为中心,以音乐文化为主线,以音乐学科为基点,加强实践与创造,加强综合与渗透,把激发学生学习音乐的兴趣贯穿于始终,在理念上强调以学生发展为本,使教育在面对全体学生的同时,注意学生的个性发展。
歌曲八课,每课还包括“音乐欣赏”、“器乐”、“动手动脑练习”等等内容,这些内容均有机的联系在一起。本学期教学内容包括唱歌、欣赏、器乐、视谱等,其要求如下:唱歌:学习用正确的口形唱歌,咬字吐字清晰,学习正确的呼吸及连音演唱方法,能够很好的表现歌曲的情感。欣赏:欣赏优秀的歌曲、乐曲、民歌、民间歌舞、民间器乐曲。了解人声的分类和演唱形式,常见的乐器和演奏形式,了解中外杰出音乐家。感受音乐的不同情绪。器乐:练习竖笛的演奏姿势与方法,培养初步的齐奏、合奏的能力。视谱:通过学习认识四二拍,四四拍的强弱规律。
课程目标:
1、保持学生对音乐的兴趣,使学生乐于参与音乐活动。
2、培养音乐感受与鉴赏的能力。
3、培养表现音乐的能力。
4、培养艺术想象和创造力。
5、培养乐观的态度和友爱精神。
6、培养丰富的生活情趣和乐观的态度,增进群体意识,锻炼合作与协调能力。
7、学习课堂乐器的演奏方法,参与歌曲、乐曲的表现。
8、能够主动地参与综合性艺术表演活动,并从中享有乐趣。课程内容:
课次
周次
课时
课题
朝夕
农家乐
足迹
可爱的家
故乡 第1课1、2
第2课3、4
第3课6、7
第4课8、9
第5课10、11 第6课11、12
欢乐的少年 第7课13、14 第8课15、16
雨花
冬雪
● 音乐知识:拍号(1)拍号讲解应结合歌曲教学时进行。(2)拍号的教学重点是节奏感(强弱、强弱弱),应通过指挥图式、表演等实践活动来感受、掌握。
课程实施:
一、聆听《晨景》《渔舟唱晚》《快乐的农夫》《丰收锣鼓》
2、表演《清晨》《晚风》《赶圩归来啊哩哩》《苹果丰收》
1.在音乐中描绘自然界周而复始朝夕情景的作品不少。本课就用这一题材为主题编选了四个作品,以体现“音乐与自然”的人文性,激发学生对生活的热爱。2.把图形谱、字母谱、简谱(数字谱)综合运用,以拓宽乐谱记录形式的知识。3.在音乐实践中掌握六拍子拍号。4.唱好二部合唱,提高合唱表演能力。1.由反映农家生活的中外作品四首组成本课内容,这是人文性在音乐与社会关系上的体现。让我们从音乐中体验农业丰收带来农家乐,从而促进社会的安定与发展。2.了解民族管弦乐队的组成常识。3.选择合适的音组填空,为旋律创作活动做铺垫练习
二、聆听《红梅赞》《红星歌》《歌唱二小放牛郎》《天黑黑》《可爱的家》《回家》
2、表演《雨花石》《我怎样长大》《外婆的澎湖湾》
3、表演《牧场上的家》
1.革命歌曲留下的历史足迹,使我们不忘过去,这就是音乐的社会功能。让我们在革命歌曲的音乐中,牢记革命传统,懂得今天的幸福生活来之不易的道理,这是进行以德育为核心的好教材。2.到图书馆寻找资料,在课内进行小品表演及造型设计等活动,加深对革命“足迹”的认识,使课内外的封闭式与开放式教育相结合。3.在唱歌实践中,掌握装饰音知识与唱法。1.本课五首中外反映“家”为题材的作品,其音乐的风格、题材、体裁,均各有特点,我们可以从中感受音乐的人文性,“家”的可爱,“家” 的乐趣。2.改编也是一种创作活动,我们从改编《牧场上的家》中获得创作的经验。3.学习竖笛的长音吹奏练习,并进行二声部吹奏实践。
三、聆听《谁不说俺家乡好》《思乡曲》《乡间的小路》《可喜的一天》《罗马的松树》
2、表演《如今家乡山连山》《故乡的小路》《雏鹰之歌》《叮铃铃》
1.本课与前课是同一主题的内容。因为“故乡”是“家”的扩大,是大的家。让我们从音乐作品中领悟爱家,爱故乡的做人基本素质。并通过聆听表演、画画、写写、讲讲等多种艺术形式,表达自己对故乡的爱。2.继续唱好二声部合唱。3.了解变拍子与变音记号。4.从实践中初步接触变奏的创作练习。
1.本课中外四首作品都反映了一个主题——欢乐的少年。由于不同的地域、不同的文化背景,所以音乐的表现也不尽相同。我们应以不同的风格与形式,去表现不同层面的少年活泼欢乐的情绪。2.在前面几课曲调填空、改变等练习的基础上,进行曲调最后2小节的创作,感受曲调的结束感。3.在歌唱实践中掌握下滑音唱法。4.学习竖笛“#
5、#
2、# 4” 的指法,并进行三声部曲调的吹奉练习。
四、演唱《踩雨》《雨中》《雪花带来冬天的梦》《堆雪人》
2、聆听《雨滴》《暴风雨》《乘雪橇》《踏雪寻梅》《打虎上山》
1、能用自制乐器等创作自己的音乐作品——主题为“雨”。
2、进一步唱好二声部合唱。
3、“雨”是大自然中的一景。音乐惟妙惟肖地表现各种各样的雨景。让学生从音乐中感受到各种联想与想象,获得精神上的愉悦。
4、学唱歌曲《堆雪人》和《雪花带来冬天的梦》。
5、通过本课教学,使学生感受歌曲所表现的明朗和欢乐的情绪。此文转自斐.斐课件.园 FFKJ.Net6、指导学生在合唱时低声区保持气息和声音的高位置,并做到声部的和谐与统一。
7、在新颖的教学环境中,重视培养学生[此文转于斐斐课件园 FFKJ.Net]的创造能力,提高学生的学习兴趣。
五、聆听《松江夜曲》《月儿弯弯》 表演《猜猜我是谁》
1、让学生通过学习音乐作品来体会歌曲的意境
2、运用正确的方法来演唱歌曲
有效性评价:
(一)学生音乐学习过程的评价
1、用欣赏性的话语指出音乐表现中的优点,用鼓励性的语言提出表现中的不足,客观公正、热情诚恳,使学生体验到评价的严肃性,帮助学生解决问题、提高水平。
2、观察课堂上学生的反应,也可以让学生相互观察在情感、态度等方面的变化。
3、通过师生之间平等、和谐、愉快的对话与交流,教师把话题自然地转向评价,引起学生对自己行为或音乐表现的反思,同时又不会中断教学进程。
(二)学生的基础知识和基本技能评价
1、问卷调查法:通过问卷和交流的方式,随时询问学生对某次活动的意见、建议、收获,还可搜集学生在审美趣味的爱好方面发生的变化。
2、“班级音乐会”、“小小音乐家”等生动活泼的评价方式。
3、自评、互评与他评
通过生动活泼的形式,让学生对自己的音乐学习进行总结、回顾和比较。学生之间的相互评价也是提倡的一种音乐学习评价方式,根据五年级学生的实际能力,开展阶段性的学生自我评价和相互评价活动。
实施对策:
音乐是听觉艺术,听觉体验是学习音乐的基础。发展学生的音乐听觉应贯穿于音乐教学的全部活动中。
教师要引导学生喜爱音乐,要加深对音乐的理解,充分挖掘作品所蕴涵的音乐美,用自己对音乐的感悟激起学生的情感共鸣;要不断提高音乐教学技能,用自己的歌声、琴声、语言和动作,将音乐的美传达给学生;要善于用生动活泼的形式进行教学,让学生在艺术的氛围中获得审美的愉悦,做到以美感人、以美育人。
以音乐审美为核心是中小学音乐教育最基本的理念,应渗透在各
个不同的教学领域中,通过音乐感受与鉴赏、表现、创造及音乐与相关文化的学习,培养学生的审美感知,丰富审美情感,发展审美想像,深化审美理解,有效地提高学生的音乐审美能力。
1.注意音乐教学各领域之间的有机联系
本《标准》设定的四个音乐教学领域是一个相互联系、相互渗透的整体。教师应全面理解和掌握音乐教学各领域的内容要求及其相互联系,并在教学中将其融合成有机整体,全面提高学生的音乐素质。
例如“感受与鉴赏”即包含有“音乐与相关文化”,音乐表现的过程同时也是音乐感受和培养、展示创造力的过程。音乐感受与鉴赏能力的提高,可以丰富音乐的表现,促进音乐创造力的发展。同理,“音乐与相关文化”也只有在音乐鉴赏、表现和创造活动中才能真正得以理解和体现。
2.面向全体学生,注意因材施教
课堂教学是学校音乐教育的主要渠道,学校和教师要为全体学生提供足够的音乐教学时间、空间和条件。学生音乐能力的客观差异,要求教师对所有学生给予普遍的关怀和鼓励,使他们充满自信地参与各项音乐活动。对音乐特长学生应给予相应的指导,并引导和鼓励他们关心集体的音乐学习。
3.建立平等互动的师生关系
音乐教学活动应该是过程与结果并重,教师作为教学的组织者和指导者,是沟通学生与音乐的桥梁。教师应在教学过程中建立民主、平等的师生交流互动关系。
教学形式应灵活多样,应根据不同的教学内容和教学目标,采用与之相适应的教学组织形式,创设充满音乐美感的课堂环境。要突出学生在教学中的主体地位,便于学生参与各项音乐活动,便于教学过程中的师生交流。
4.运用现代教育技术手段
以信息技术为代表的现代教育技术极大地扩展了音乐教学的容量,丰富了教学手段和教学资源,在音乐教育中有着广阔的应用前景,教师应努力掌握现代信息技术,利用其视听结合、声像一体、形象性强、信息量大、资源宽广等优点为教学服务。要充分发挥学生在学校、家庭和社区运用电脑网络方面所蕴藏的巨大教育潜力,引导学生利用现代信息技术学习音乐。
小学音乐六年级上册课程纲要
课程名称
九年义务教育六年制音乐第十一册 总课时
20课时 课程类型
必修课程
学生、教材及其他资源背景分析:
本册教材系人民音乐出版社出版的义务教育九年一贯制音乐教科书第十一册。本册教材在编写上主要思路是:以审美为中心,以音乐文化为主线,以音乐学科为基点,加强实践与创造,加强综合与渗透,把激发学生学习音乐的兴趣贯穿于始终,在理念上强调以学生发展为本,使教育在面对全体学生的同时,注意学生的个性发展。
歌曲八课,每课还包括“音乐欣赏”、“器乐”、“动手动脑练习”等等内容,这些内容均有机的联系在一起。本学期教学内容包括唱歌、欣赏、器乐、视谱等,其要求如下:唱歌:学习用正确的口形唱歌,咬字吐字清晰,学习正确的呼吸及连音演唱方法,能够很好的表现歌曲的情感。欣赏:欣赏优秀的歌曲、乐曲、民歌、民间歌舞、民间器乐曲。了解人声的分类和演唱形式,常见的乐器和演奏形式,了解中外杰出音乐家。感受音乐的不同情绪。器乐:练习竖笛的演奏姿势与方法,培养初步的齐奏、合奏的能力。视谱:通过学习认识四二拍,四四拍的强弱规律。
课程目标:
1、保持学生对音乐的兴趣,使学生乐于参与音乐活动。
2、培养音乐感受与鉴赏的能力。
3、培养表现音乐的能力。
4、培养艺术想象和创造力。
5、培养乐观的态度和友爱精神。
6、培养丰富的生活情趣和乐观的态度,增进群体意识,锻炼合作与协调能力。
7、学习课堂乐器的演奏方法,参与歌曲、乐曲的表现。
8、能够主动地参与综合性艺术表演活动,并从中享有乐趣。课程内容:
课次
周次
课时
课题
同一首歌
草原牧歌 第1课1、2、3
第2课4、5、6
第3课7、8、9
多彩的非洲 第4课10、11、12
芬芳茉莉 第5课13、14、15
神奇的童话 第6课16、17、18
劳动的歌 第19周考试
● 音乐知识:拍号(1)拍号讲解应结合歌曲教学时进行。(2)拍号的教学重点是节奏感(强弱、强弱弱),应通过指挥图式、表演等实践活动来感受、掌握。课程实施: 同一首歌
1、通过演唱和欣赏活动,能够感受和表现热爱祖国、热爱家乡的思想感情。不同形式的歌唱祖国、歌颂友谊的歌曲。
2、聆听欣赏曲《我的祖国》和《大中国》,能够背唱歌曲的音乐主题;辨别并说出歌曲中速度和力度的变化,以及这种变化与表现歌曲情感的关系;能够辨别这两首歌曲明显不同的风格。
3、能够演唱歌曲《同一首歌》,能够根据感情需要用抒情的、连贯的声音或热情激动的声音进行演唱,表现歌曲的感情,并创造性地设计歌曲的演唱形式,尝试用二声部演唱此曲。
4、学习秧歌知识,创造性地为歌曲《大中国》编配秧歌舞的动作。
5、学习有关合唱知识,知道合唱的声部及各声部位置。
2草原牧歌
1、知道蒙古族是祖国大家庭的重要成员,乐于主动了解蒙古族文化,喜欢蒙古族音乐。
2、能够根据《银杯》及《小黄鹂鸟》的情感演唱歌曲,并能背唱《银杯》;能用独唱的形式演唱《银杯》,能用二部合唱的形式演唱《小黄鹂鸟》。
3、聆听《美丽的草原我的家》、《天堂》及《万马奔腾》,感受体验蒙古族歌曲的风格;能够辨别马头琴的音色。
4、学习并感受五声调式音阶,尝试用五声音阶进行旋律创作。3多彩的美洲
1、乐于以积极的态度体验美洲、拉丁美洲音乐的民族风格,喜
爱美洲、拉丁美洲民族音乐。
2、能够演唱歌曲《拉库卡拉查》和《红河谷》,能表现两首歌曲的不同情绪,并能背唱其中的一首歌。
3、聆听《平原,我的心》和《化装舞会》,能够领会拉丁美洲音乐的鲜明民族风格和它们的节奏特点。
4、结合歌唱、欣赏活动,参与敲打节奏等创造性活动。
4芬芳茉莉
1、接触多首以“茉莉花”为题的音乐作品,能够从中认识到以“茉莉花”为代表的中国民歌是世界音乐宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠,乐于进一步搜集并了解影响民歌变异的多种因素。
2、能够用柔美的声音、细腻的情感来演唱根据民歌《茉莉花》改编的合唱,并能够背唱一段歌词。
3、欣赏《图兰朵特》中的《东边升起月亮》、三首我国不同地区的《茉莉花》及合唱,能够并能用语言文字表述出它们在情感上、风格上的差异。
4、能用不同表演形式表现自己最喜欢的一首《茉莉花》,每个学生都在其中承担任务。
5、神奇的童话
1、喜欢以音乐方式所描述的童话——《洛列莱》、《魔法师的弟子》和《黄鹤的故事》。乐于主动了解其创作过程、文化及表现形式。知道法国作曲家迪卡斯。
2、能以叙述的口吻、平静的呼吸、有表情地齐唱或独唱《洛列
莱》。能运用不完全小节的知识划分乐句,标记换气记号(可用英文演唱)。
3、聆听《魔法师的弟子》、《黄鹤的故事》。能听辨《魔法师的弟子》、《黄鹤的故事》的主题及主奏乐器的音色与在音乐中的表情作用。
4、能依据《三个小和尚》的故事,集体编创并表演,每个学生都能在活动中承担任务。
劳动的歌
1、能够对我国劳动号子和劳动歌曲感受兴趣,喜欢演唱、聆听教材中的号子和劳动歌曲。
2、演唱《军民大生产》、《翁嘿呀》和两首民歌,能背唱其中一首。演唱时声音要富有弹性,能够表现出歌曲的劳动节奏特点及乐观情绪。
3、通过学习演唱《军民大生产》、《翁嘿呀》和聆听《连连夯》、《船工号子》,体验号子和劳动歌曲的风格与特点。
4、知道劳动号子的音乐特点,初步了解劳动号子和创作劳动歌曲的关系。积极参与劳动号孤编创活动。
有效性评价:
(一)学生音乐学习过程的评价
1、用欣赏性的话语指出音乐表现中的优点,用鼓励性的语言提出表现中的不足,客观公正、热情诚恳,使学生体验到评价的严肃性,帮助学生解决问题、提高水平。
2、观察课堂上学生的反应,也可以让学生相互观察在情感、态度等方面的变化。
3、通过师生之间平等、和谐、愉快的对话与交流,教师把话题自然地转向评价,引起学生对自己行为或音乐表现的反思,同时又不会中断教学进程。
(二)学生的基础知识和基本技能评价
1、问卷调查法:通过问卷和交流的方式,随时询问学生对某次活动的意见、建议、收获,还可搜集学生在审美趣味的爱好方面发生的变化。
2、“班级音乐会”、“小小音乐家”等生动活泼的评价方式。
3、自评、互评与他评
通过生动活泼的形式,让学生对自己的音乐学习进行总结、回顾和比较。学生之间的相互评价也是提倡的一种音乐学习评价方式,根据六年级学生的实际能力,开展阶段性的学生自我评价和相互评价活动。
实施对策:
音乐是听觉艺术,听觉体验是学习音乐的基础。发展学生的音乐听觉应贯穿于音乐教学的全部活动中。
教师要引导学生喜爱音乐,要加深对音乐的理解,充分挖掘作品所蕴涵的音乐美,用自己对音乐的感悟激起学生的情感共鸣;要不断提高音乐教学技能,用自己的歌声、琴声、语言和动作,将音乐的美传达给学生;要善于用生动活泼的形式进行教学,让学生在艺术的氛围中获得审美的愉悦,做到以美感人、以美育人。
以音乐审美为核心是中小学音乐教育最基本的理念,应渗透在各个不同的教学领域中,通过音乐感受与鉴赏、表现、创造及音乐与相关文化的学习,培养学生的审美感知,丰富审美情感,发展审美想像,深化审美理解,有效地提高学生的音乐审美能力。
1.注意音乐教学各领域之间的有机联系
本《标准》设定的四个音乐教学领域是一个相互联系、相互渗透的整体。教师应全面理解和掌握音乐教学各领域的内容要求及其相互联系,并在教学中将其融合成有机整体,全面提高学生的音乐素质。
例如“感受与鉴赏”即包含有“音乐与相关文化”,音乐表现的过程同时也是音乐感受和培养、展示创造力的过程。音乐感受与鉴赏能力的提高,可以丰富音乐的表现,促进音乐创造力的发展。同理,“音乐与相关文化”也只有在音乐鉴赏、表现和创造活动中才能真正得以理解和体现。
2.面向全体学生,注意因材施教
课堂教学是学校音乐教育的主要渠道,学校和教师要为全体学生提供足够的音乐教学时间、空间和条件。学生音乐能力的客观差异,要求教师对所有学生给予普遍的关怀和鼓励,使他们充满自信地参与各项音乐活动。对音乐特长学生应给予相应的指导,并引导和鼓励他们关心集体的音乐学习。
3.建立平等互动的师生关系
音乐教学活动应该是过程与结果并重,教师作为教学的组织者和指导者,是沟通学生与音乐的桥梁。教师应在教学过程中建立民主、平等的师生交流互动关系。
教学形式应灵活多样,应根据不同的教学内容和教学目标,采用与之相适应的教学组织形式,创设充满音乐美感的课堂环境。要突出学生在教学中的主体地位,便于学生参与各项音乐活动,便于教学过程中的师生交流。
4.运用现代教育技术手段
以信息技术为代表的现代教育技术极大地扩展了音乐教学的容量,丰富了教学手段和教学资源,在音乐教育中有着广阔的应用前景,教师应努力掌握现代信息技术,利用其视听结合、声像一体、形象性强、信息量大、资源宽广等优点为教学服务。要充分发挥学生在学校、家庭和社区运用电脑网络方面所蕴藏的巨大教育潜力,引导学生利用现代信息技术学习音乐。
第三篇:建筑安全专业英文翻译
模板工程安全管理
Security Management for formwork engineering
前言:企业安全生产事故的发生原因是多方面的,主要有违反操作规程或劳动纪律;教育培训不够,缺乏安全操作知识;生产设备不符合安全要求;安全防护设施缺少或存在缺陷等,但事故的根本原因在于人的不安全行为,因此企业安全生产的关键是改善人的行为方式,最大限度地减少人的不安全行为。
Preface:There are many reasons can cause the enterprise production safety accidents, mainly including violation of rules and labor disciplines,short of education training and the safe operation knowledge, production equipment does not suit the safety requirements, lack of the security facilities and flawed, however,the basic reason of the accident depends on the person’s unsafe behavior, so the key to the enterprise’s safety production is to improve people's behavior in order to reduce the unsafe behavior.目前企业安全文化的培养和建设,从员工的行为入手,提高他们的安全意识,确立企业的安全目标,倡导共同的安全价值观、思维方式和行为规范,由此营造员工心理认同和具有团体凝聚力的良好的安全生产环境和秩序,有效地调节和控制员工的行为,达到自律的最高境界。
At present, the training and construction of the enterprise culture starts from the stuff's behavior.Their safety awareness must be improved and establish the safety goals.Promote the common safety values as well as the thinking ways and behavior norms , from above we can creat staff psychological agreement and the group attention and a good safety environment as well as the order.Staff behavior can be effectively adjusted and controlled to reach the highest state of self-discipline.企业安全文化可以分为环境文化、物质文化、行为文化、意识文化几个方面。
Enterprise safety culture can be pided into the environment culture, material culture, behavior culture, cultural awareness several aspects.文化是抽象的,必须与管理实际相结合方能发挥应有的效应;而管理的实施也应该充分考虑企业文化的定位和建设,二者的有机融合,才能真正达到企业文化的建立和管理水平提高双赢的目的。
.Culture is abstract,it must be connected with the management and realities which can play the main effects.However,the measure of the management should also take fully consider of the enterprise culture’s position and the building.Both of them organic integration can really achieve the perposes of enterprise’s culture and the management level.下面以广东奥林匹克体育场工程为例,就如何实现二者的有机结合并以此促进大型建筑企业和大型工程项目的安全生产管理作一个初步的研究。
The following is an example of Guangdong Olympic Stadium Engineering on how to achieve the two organic combinations and after that promote large construction companies and large projects have safety production management for a first study.1.制定目标,建立体系——安全环境文化
1.Making goals, establish the system-safe environment and culture
作为施工总承包单位,不仅要高标准和严格按照合同履行业主提出的“质量、工期、投资”的“三控制”要求,同时必须落实好对整个工程施工安全生产的全方位控制。
As a total construction contract company, it should not only have high standards and strict accordance with the contract which has performed “ quality, duration and investment”the “three control” requirements,at the same time the company must take charge of the full range to the whole safety production construction.为此在工程动工之际,总承包项目经理部就提出了安全生产创“六无”的高标准管理目标,即实现“无重伤、无死亡、无坍塌、无中毒、无火灾、无重大机械事故”。
So at the beginning of the occasion, the general contractor project manager comes up with the safe production to create “six no” high standards manage goals,the aim is to achieve “no serious injuries, no deaths, no collapses, no poisoned, no fires and no major machinery accidents.” 与此同时,以项目总经理为安全生产第一责任人,成立了安全生产领导机构,并设置专门的安全生产管理部门,将安全生产管理责任制层层落实,严格抓好进场参建队伍的管理,组织其建立相应的安全生产管理机构并制定有关的责任制度、教育制度、安全技术交底制度、检查制度、奖罚制度等一整套现场安全管理的规章制度,并与各参建单位签订责任书,落实安全管理考核指标,在合同上明确安全生产施工的具体责任和严格的奖惩条款,坚决杜绝“三违”行为,做到“三不”(不伤害自己、不伤害别人、不被别人伤害),由此建立横到边、纵到底,专管成线、群管成网的安全管理体系,形成全员管理格局。
At the same time, to project General Manager for safety first responsibility people, has set up safety production, and set a specifical safety management sector, put safety management
accountability layer layer implementation, strictly catch the built team of management in and out, organization its founded corresponding of safety management institutions and developed the responsibility system, education system, safety technology low-down system, check system, rewards system,and set site security management of rules and regulations, and signed responsibility with all parameter built units take change of the management assessment index, in contract clearly safety construction of every responsibility and strictly of rewards and punishments terms, firmly give up an end to “three contrary to” behavior, do “three does not”(does not hurt themselves, does not hurt others and not be hurt by others), then established cross to edge, and longitudinal what, charge into line, and group tube into network of security management system, formed full management pattern.从设立消防台帐人手,完善动火审批制度、消防检查制度、奖罚制度、巡逻制度、仓库管理、火灾扑救及事故处理制度、危险品装运和使用规定,制定突发事件的应急方案等,建立施工现场防火的管理规章制度,坚持不懈抓消防,对液化煤气瓶的运输、储存和使用时的防晒、防爆、防火等都制定了严密的措施。
From established fire station account, perfect fire approval system, fire check system, rewards system, patrol system, warehouse management, fire fighting and the accident dealing
system, dangerous goods shipping and using provides, set up burst out event of emergency programme, established construction site fire of management rules, persistent caught fire, on liquefaction gas bottle of transport, store and use of anti-Sun, explosion-proof, fire, and the tight of measures.建立“总承包项目经理部防火责任人、分项目部防火责任人、专业施工队防火责任人、防火安全员——巡(监)火员、义务消防队”五级消防管理架构,组织了专门的治安防火巡逻队,配备对讲机等必要装备,形成全员参与、全天候群防群治的消防组织网络,工地设有专职巡火员40人,夜间巡逻队员8人,义务消防队员196人。
Established “total contract project manager Department fire responsibility people,devide project Department fire responsibility people, professional construction team fire responsibility people, fire security member--patrol(prison)fire member, and obligations fire team” five level fire management schema, organizate specifical security fire patrol, equipped with radio, necessary equipment, formed full participation,wait mass prevention and of fire organization network, site has full-time patrol fire Member 40 people, night patrol member 8 people, obligations fire Member 196 people.2.确定重点,加大投入——安全物质文化
2.Make sure the key, increase investment----safety material culture
为了控制好施工环境的安全因素,按照施工总平面布置的要求,严格管理各项施工设施。
In order to control the construction of environment factors,as the requirements of General construction layout strict with management and the construction of facilities.在基础施工阶段,基坑面积大、范围广,还有6个独立深大基坑,为了确保施工安全,将所有基坑周边围蔽起来,共设立1.2m高的防护栏长达2678m,并在道路旁边的基坑装设安全警示灯,边坡每隔6m竖起1个“严禁攀爬、防止触电”的警示牌,24小时监控边坡安全。
In Foundation construction stage, pit area large, range wide,besides there are 6 a independent deep large pits, to make sure the construction security, make all pits around surrounding coverd up, total established 1.2m high of protection bar up to 2678m, and set up security warning lamp next to the road, slope each across 6m up 1 “is strictly prohibited climbing, prevent shock” warning brands, 24 hours monitoring slope security.此外,考虑到本工程底板厚、面积大,钢筋绑扎作业人员多,为了切实保证生产安全,禁止电焊机进入底板范围,确保电源电缆与钢筋脱离接触。
In addition, considering the thickness of engineered floor, large area, reinforcement binding workers, in order to ensure the production safety, prohibition of the welding machine into the floor area, make sure the power cable and the disengagement of reinforcement.在设备机具的安全性和维修管理上严格设备进场的性能检查,严抓安装就位后的安全调试,并建立设备卡及时记录使用过程的故障、维修、保养情况,以保障施工设备的正常运转。对于特殊设备如塔吊、桩机等必须取得劳动监督部门的检验合格证方准使用;对井式提升笼强制要求使用12种安全装置,经检验合格并配备劳动监督部门认可的安全员方可投入使用。
Equipment implements security on the management and maintenance of strict entry of equipment performance checks, strict security after installation debugging and building equipment failure, repair and maintenance of records in a timely manner using process, to guarantee the normal operation of construction equipment.For special equipment such as tower cranes, pile driver must obtain a labour supervision Department of inspection certificate must use;on the hoist cage force 12 safety devices to use, approved by the qualified and equipped with labor watchdog security staff can be put into use.在消防方面强化管理,确保防火安全。
In fire protection and strengthening management, make sure fire safety.消防投入虽然看不到直接经济效益,但总承包项目经理部充分认识到“安全就是效益”,因此对于消防工作需要投入的经费,领导高度重视,该花的钱决不省,确保按照有关消防管理条例不折不扣地配备消防器材和设施,沿体育场周边设置了1条直径100mm,长约1600m的消防水管,四周设置了配备消防水带的消防栓,合理设置消防设施,如灭火器、消防箱、消防水池、消防沙堆等;各幢临时房屋上都架设了避雷针;施工期间又根据现场的实际情况投入20多万元,增设了1套消防专用供
水系统,这样使得工地的消防设施达到较高水平,整个消防系统配置完善、消防通道畅通,特别是宿舍、仓库、脚手架、模板堆场和易燃易爆物品临时存放点等重点监控部位,消防措施得力,有效地将火险隐患消灭在萌芽之中。
Although protection fire input can’t see the directly statistics, but total contract project manager Department full awareness of “security is benefit”,thus so for fire work,it needs funding input,leaders pay high attention, the money never spend province, ensure in accordance with about fire management Ordinance compromise to equipped with fire equipment and facilities, along Stadium around set has 1 section diameter 100mm, long about 1600m of fire pipes, around set has equipped with fire water with of fire suppository, reasonable set fire facilities,such as fire extinguisher, fire box, Fire pool, fire sand,and so on all building temporary housing Shang are erection lightning rod;during the construction as well as under site of reality input more than 200,000 yuan, additional 1 set fire dedicated water system, so that makes site of fire facilities reached high level, entire fire system configuration perfect, and fire channel smooth, especially hostels, warehouse, scaffold, template yard and flammable easy explosion articles temporary store points, focus monitoring parts, fire measures effect, effective to will fire hidden eradication in sprout in.施工场地的变换以及施工阶段的变化,导致施工用电线路改动工作量巨大。
Construction site chages and transformation period changes, leading to construction of power line changes to heavy workloads.总承包项目经理部始终严格执行建设部《施工现场临时用电安全技术规范》(JCJ48-88)的要求,临时用电针对不同施工阶段和不同专业特点,均编制有专项设计方案,坚持做到三级配电,两级保护,电箱实行“一机、一闸、一保护”制,照明、动力分别设置,采用TN-S接零保护系统。在施工现场及临设范围设置防雷系统,保证雷雨季节施工作业及居住环境的防雷安全。
Total contract project manager Department always strictly implementation construction site temporary electricity security technology specification under(JCJ48-88)of requirements, temporary electricity for different construction stage and different professional features, are prepared special design programme, adhere to do three level distribution, two level protection, electric box implemented “a machine, a gate, and a protection” system, lighting, and power respectively set, used TN-S received zero protection system.钢屋盖吊装作业时,重点监督吊装施工临时用电方案的实施,合理架设用电线路。
Lightning protection system for construction site and range setting,to be sure the thunderstorm season Lightning Safety of construction work and living environment.When hoisting of steel roof, with a focus on supervision and erection of temporary
power supply scheme implemented, mainly set up electricity lines.装修期间重点对电箱少装漏电保护器进行整顿,严厉查处使用“拖板”和乱接乱拉行为,并对碘钨灯的使用做出限制。
Decoration focus on fewer boxes during installation of residual current operated protective devices for straightening out, strictly investigated and “extension” and behavior, and use limitations for tungsten lamp.3.全面防御,重点监控——安全行为文化
3.Full defense, mainly monitoring----security behavior culture
3.1 统一思想,加强教育
3.1 seek unity, strengthen education
总承包项目经理部经常组织员工学习安全生产政策和法律法规,教育干部员工深刻领会安全生产的重要性和严肃性,同时认真落实安全技术交底制度,有针对性提出各个施工阶段的安全要求,包括临时施工用电、深基坑围护、高支模、高空吊装等专项设计和安全技术方案,制定和下达雨季施工、防雷、防暑、防台风等季节性专项安全措施,保证安全教育普及到施工现场的每位员工。
Total contract project manager Department often organization staff learning safety policy and legal regulations, education cadre staff deeply understand the importance of safety and seriousness, while seriously implementation security technology low-down system, there is targeted made all construction stage
of security requirements, including temporary construction electricity, and deep pit enclosure, high support die, high lifting, special design and security technology programme, developed and order rainy season construction, and anti-mine, and
Sunstroke prevention, Typhoon, and other seasonal special security measures, to make sure security education to each employee in the construction site.进场员工必须掌握必要的安全知识和安全技术,自觉遵守工作纪律和安全操作规程,保证忙而不乱,达到“我懂安全、我要安全、从我做起、保证安全”的根本目的。
Admission staff must be equipped with the necessary knowledge and security technologies, consciously obey work discipline and safety procedures,make sure the busy and in order, a “I understand safety, I want security, starting from me, being sure security” basic purposes.在施工高峰期现场人数多达5053人,全部人员都接受过严格的安全教育和培训,各种安全教育都签名存档。
At the construction site during the peak number of 5,053 people, all personnel are trained in the rigorous security education and training, safety education of all kinds are the signature archive.所有特殊工种(电工、电梯工、焊工等)均经专业培训,并持有专业主管部门签发的上岗合格证,由于措施得当,最大限度地提高了安全系数,为防止安全事故提供了有力保障。
All special types(electrician, Elevator workers, welders, etc)are specialized training, and holds a professional induction certificate issued by the competent authorities, due to correctly measure, maximizes safety, provides a strong guarantee for preventing safety accidents.组织各参建单位开展“做一件预防事故”、“忆一次事故教训”、“当一天安全员”的活动,以社会上活生生的惨痛案例进行安全教育,时刻警醒每位员工,提高他们的忧患意识,大大提高了教育效果。
Organize all participation units “accident prevention”, “recalls a lesson”, “As security guards in a day” campaign, to living bitter case of safety education in the community, time to time wake up each staff, enhance their awareness of hardship, greatly improving the educational effects.3.2 抓好防护,严格监控
3.2 Catch protection, strictly monitoring
落实有针对性的各类专项防范措施,下大力气解决存在的薄弱环节,严防高处坠落,对于高支模、深基坑、大型机械设备、大负荷用电设施等部位,定期监测,专人负责;对于高温、高湿、台风、易燃易爆等恶劣施工环境,制定周密的应急预案,管理到位,落实到人。
Targete various special prevention measures, deal with the weaknesses, prevent high Department fall,as for high support
die, deep pit, large machinery device, large load electricity facilities, parts, regularly monitoring, have only person responsible for it,as for high temperature, high wet, typhoon, flammable easy explosion, bad construction environment, make up the emergency plans carefully, management in place, implementation to people.(1)模板、脚手架和作业平台:上层看台坡度大,悬挑跨度大,外悬挑端支模高度近40m,是安全控制的重点部位之一,严格落实高支模的安全措施,是保证看台安全施工的关键。
templates, scaffolding and work platforms: upper stand slope, cantilever span, cantilever-side formwork height near 40m outside, security control is one of the important parts, strict security measures for implementation of high-formwork are the key to guarantee the safety of stand construction.为此,重点监控、落实模板搭建和拆除的安全保证措施,加强成品保护,防止支模立柱与外脚手架立杆共用等违章行为,消除支模的安全隐患。
Therefore, focusing on monitoring, implementation of safety guarantee for template building and clearing measures, forcing the finished product protection, prevent the formwork cdumn and scaffold upright sharing violation, get ride of the security risk.(2)塔柱与钢屋盖高空作业:由于塔柱形体高大,高空作业危险性大,故施工期间24小时派专人轮值,监控塔柱施工安全。
(2)Towers and steel roof aerial work: because the Tower body large, high risk, it sent 24 hour shifts during the construction period, monitoring of Tower column construction safety.钢结构屋盖高空安装作业采取在看台搭设满堂红操作平台的做法,为了加大安全系数,将钢管立杆与4层楼面钢筋混凝土立柱拉结在一起,加强棚架安全性能;在中间设置隔离层,加强走梯和通道的安全监控,采取悬挑铺平网保护,临边和靠近立杆的电箱以及其它设施加设防护棚,在棚架平台的周边设置1.2m高围护栏杆,并拉挂安全网,同时在使用中注重棚架的维护和检查。
Steel housing cover high installed job take in stands erection full red operation platform of practices, to increased safety factor, will pipe state rod and 4 layer building surface reinforced concrete column pull knot in together, strengthening scaffolding security performance;in middle set isolation layer, strengthening go ladder and channel of security monitoring, take hanging pick paved the network protection, p edge and near State rod of electric box and other facilities plus set protection shed, in scaffolding platform of around set 1.2m high enclosure railing, and pull hanging security network, In use at the same time focus on maintenance and inspection of scaffolding.在钢屋盖结构杆件焊接施工中,动火点多达6500多处,给消防管理工作带来了很大的压力。
Rod welding in the construction of steel roof structure, fire up to more than 6,500 points, brought a great deal of pressure to fire management work.为此,在焊接点部位专门设置了专用水箱,配置了相应的消防器材,加强了专人监控和检查。
To this end, the site has been specially set up a dedicated tank at the welding point, configure the appropriate fire-fighting equipment, strengthened the special monitoring and checking.(3)结构施工阶段,高空、立体、交叉作业施工繁多,安全防护主要以“三宝、四口、五临边”为重点,对28个梯口、96个进出口、36个洞口、35个井口和预留管道口、井式提升笼的进出料口等进行严格围蔽保护。
(3)Structures in the construction phase, high altitude, stereo, cross many construction, safety protection mainly in “three, four, five” focus on the import and export of 28 lifts, 96, 35, 36 hole well head pipes and reserved port, hoist cage in and out of the strictly enclosed protection material.对拆除排栅后形成的四周临边进行重点维护,同时及时加强围护施工过程中形成的新“口子”和临边等。
After demolition and drainage grid form around edges to focus on maintaining, at the same time strengthening enclosure
construction in a timely manner in the course of the new “find” and limb.(4)在污水处理池、渠箱、管沟和地下车道等施工中,针对“面窄沟深”的·特点,严抓“三宝”,执行安全标准,杜绝麻痹思想,统一使用钢管设置标准化防护栏杆,拉挂合格安全网,设置警示安全牌。
(4)in wastewater treatment, drainage tank, trench and underground in such construction as driveway against “narrow trenches deep” · characteristics, strict “three treasures”, implementation of security standards, put an end to vigilance, reunification uses steel tubes set standard protective railings, Hung qualified safety nets, set alert security.(5)施工现场烟民众多,为确保消防安全,在安全区域开设专门的吸烟点,配有专用水桶,严禁在非吸烟点吸烟,并严格奖罚制度。
(5)the construction site many smokers, to ensure fire safety, in the security zone set up special smoking point, with a dedicated bucket, is forbidden to smoke in non-smoking point, and strict punishment system.(6)进行钢筋取样时,必须先把作业模板淋湿,并配有灭火器及专人监控,作业完毕经检查符合消防安全要求后才能离开。
(6)for steel sample must be wet job templates, and are equipped with fire extinguishers and hand control, after the job is complete by checking compliance with fire safety requirements before we leave.3.3 加强检查,落实整改
3.3 strengthening checks, implementing rectification and reform
结合工地的实际特点,制定相关的防护措施,重点抓好安全防护和落实安全生产责任制,对重点部位实行重点检查、危险部位反复检查,着重查制度、查违章、查隐患,不断检查、督促、整改和落实,严查密检,确保人人、时时处于安全的良好状况,预防事故的发生。一旦发现问题,则一查到底,按章处罚并勒令整改,决不手软和姑息。
Combined the site characteristics, develop protection measures, focus on safety and the implementation of responsibility system for production safety, key checks imposed on key parts, hazardous site repeatedly checking, investigation system-oriented, investigate violations, examining risks, constant inspection,supervision,rectification
and implementation, a thorough investigation of the secret, and ensure the security of all, always in good condition, to prevent accidents from happening.Once problems are detected, investigated, punished and ordered to reorganize, not soft and palliative care.整改指令书明确规定整改的完成时间,并且按照IS09002的模式封闭,即整改指令书发出后,被要求整改单位要签署整改完成情况和时间,由安全管理部门核实整改情况后确认,才能将整改指令书归档存查。
Rectification and reform instruction book clearly defines the completion time for rectification and reform, and according to the IS09002 mode of closed, that is, after the issue of rectification and reform instruction book, were signed to reorganize by requiring the modification to completion and time, confirmed by the safety authorities after verifying the rectification, to rectification and reform instruction book archive file for reference.由于人员多,素质不一,总承包项目经理部特别重视狠抓个人防护问题,自始至终强制性要求按规范佩戴安全帽、高空作业必须系安全带等,对违反者一经发现立刻予以制止,耐心教育并严格按章处理,促使广大员工自觉使用防护措施。
Due to large numbers of varying quality, general contract project manager Department attached particular importance to pay close attention to personal protection, from beginning to end mandatory specifications must be wearing a safety helmet, aerial work, such as seat belts, for violations of those found to stop it immediately, patient education and in strict accordance with chapter, prompted the General staffs and consciously use of protective measures.3.4 积极活动,广泛宣传
3.4 Active activity wide publicity
积极开展安全生产周和“安康杯”活动。安全生产周是本工程现场强化安全活动的主要形式之一,每年都紧紧围绕这一主题开展内容丰富的活动,采取悬挂标语横幅、出宣传专刊、张贴宣传挂图等有效措施,广泛进行宣传教育,同时认真组织专项安全检查,成立“安康杯”安全竞赛活动领导机构,制定活动方案和安全保证措施,组织安全知识竞赛活动、安全大检查及专项安全检查,将安全生产意识,贯彻到每个员工日常的施工作业中。
Actively carry out safety production week, and “Ankang Cup”.Safety week is this engineering site strengthening security activities of main form one, annual are tightly around this a theme carried out content rich of activities, take hanging slogans banner, and out publicity special issue, and posted publicity charts, effective measures, widely for publicity education, while seriously organization special security checks, established “Ankang Cup” security race activities led institutions, developed activities programme and security guarantee measures, organization security knowledge race activities, and security large check and the special security checks, will safety consciousness, Daily construction jobs into each employee.在消防安全方面,充分利用实物、图片、录像等进行宣传教育,强化日常的安全防火教育。
In terms of fire safety, making full use of real objects and pictures, videos and other publicity and education, strengthening the day-to-day security and fire prevention education.在“安全生产活动周”和“119”宣传周活动中,邀请消防局的消防专家开设消防知识讲座,订做大型消防宣传标语,购买宣传挂图及消防宣传教育片等,进行广泛的宣传教育。
“Safety action week” and “119” awareness week activities, inviting fire station fire experts Forum of open fire, made a large fire propaganda slogans, buy publicity posters and propaganda and education of fire, and carry out extensive publicity and education.对传媒新闻报道保持高度警觉,社会上重大火灾事故见报当天就召集各参建单位有关管理人员开紧急会议,布置相应的工作,组织专项检查,及时将有关报道和评论组织学习,充分利用案例提高参建人员的消防意识,及时吸取社会上火灾事故的教训。
Remain alert to news media coverage, major fires in the community press day is called the participation units of management opened an emergency meeting, layout work, organize special inspection, organizational learning reports and comments in a timely manner, full use of the case raise participation consciousness of officers of the fire services, draw lessons from fires in the community in a timely manner.4.全员管理,成效显著——安全意识文化
4.staff management, effective----safety culture
经过上述努力,该项目在整个工程施工的978天中,未发生过一起重大安全事故,实现了“六无”安全管理目标,先后近500次接受国家、省、市各级领导的视察、检查以及国内外建筑同行的参观并得到高度评价。
Through these efforts, 978 days of the construction of the project in the project as a whole, has not been a major accident, that “six free” safety management objectives, has nearly 500 national, provincial and municipal leaders at all levels of inspections, checks, and building counterparts at home and abroad to visit and were highly evaluated.工程还荣获了国家优质工程“鲁班”奖,全国建筑业新技术应用金牌示范工程、广东省科技进步一等奖等20多个奖项以及被省、市评为安全生产文明施工优良样板工地、安全生产最佳样板工地,项目总经理连续3年被评为广州市安全生产标兵。
Engineering has also won the national quality engineering “Luban Award”, national demonstration project of gold in the application of new technologies in the construction industry, Guangdong Provincial Science and technology progress Prize, more than 20 awards and appraised by provincial and municipal excellent model site safety culture construction, safety in the best model sites, project 3 years in a row was named General Manager of Guangzhou production model.同时经过本工程安全生产管理实践,广大员工的安全生产意识大大提高,生产行为更为规范,更加自觉,形成
了一个良好的安全生产管理氛围,为今后类似大型工程施工的安全生产管理提供了有益的借鉴。
At the same time through the engineering safety management practice, greatly enhance the safety awareness of general staff, conduct more standard, more consciously, form a good atmosphere of safety production management, similar to the construction of major projects for the future management of safe production provide a useful reference.
第四篇:机械专业英文翻译
Design of machine and machine elements Machine design Machine design is the art of planning or devising new or improved machines to accomplish specific purposes.In general, a machine will consist of a combination of several different mechanical elements properly designed and arranged to work together, as a whole.During the initial planning of a machine, fundamental decisions must be made concerning loading, type of kinematic elements to be used, and correct utilization of the properties of engineering materials.Economic considerations are usually of prime importance when the design of new machinery is undertaken.In general, the lowest over-all costs are designed.Consideration should be given not only to the cost of design, manufacture the necessary safety features and be of pleasing external appearance.The objective is to produce a machine which is not only sufficiently rugged to function properly for a reasonable life, but is at the same time cheap enough to be economically feasible.The engineer in charge of the design of a machine should not only have adequate technical training, but must be a man of sound judgment and wide experience, qualities which are usually acquired only after considerable time has been spent in actual professional work.Design of machine elements
The principles of design are, of course, universal.The same theory or equations may be applied to a very small part, as in an instrument, or, to a larger but similar part used in a piece of heavy equipment.In no ease, however, should mathematical calculations be looked upon as absolute and final.They are all subject to the accuracy of the various assumptions, which must necessarily be made in engineering work.Sometimes only a portion of the total number of parts in a machine are designed on the basis of analytic calculations.The form and size of the remaining parts are designed on the basis of analytic calculations.On the other hand, if the machine is very expensive, or if weight is a factor, as in airplanes, design computations may then be made for almost all the parts.The purpose of the design calculations is, of course, to attempt to predict the stress or deformation in the part in order that it may sagely carry the loads, which will be imposed on it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine.All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests.A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests such as tension, compression, torsion, and fatigue and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.In addition, it has been amply proved that such details as surface condition, fillets, notches, manufacturing tolerances, and heat treatment have a market effect on the strength and useful life of a machine part.The design and drafting departments must specify completely all such particulars, must specify completely all such particulars, and thus exercise the necessary close control over the finished product.As mentioned above, machine design is a vast field of engineering technology.As such, it begins with the conception of an idea and follows through the various phases of design analysis, manufacturing, marketing and consumerism.The following is a list of the major areas of consideration in the general field of machine design: ① Initial design conception;
② Strength analysis;③ Materials selection;④ Appearance;⑤ Manufacturing;⑥ Safety;⑦ Environment effects;⑨ Reliability and life;
Strength is a measure of the ability to resist, without fails, forces which cause stresses and strains.The forces may be;① Gradually applied;② Suddenly applied;2
③ Applied under impact;④ Applied with continuous direction re
计算机专业课程名称英文翻译
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