第一篇：名词性从句讲解

名词性从句讲解

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下5个方面 1.考查名词性从句的语序问题

2.考查引导词that与what的区别

3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法

4.考查whether与if的区别

5.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 语法要点剖析

一、名词性从句

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why 1.主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句

（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句

（4）It + 不及物动词 + that从句 It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that„

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that „ It is said(reported, believed, known, etc.)that„ It does not matter(seems,appears etc)„ 2.宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可略，且并列句之间由and连接。He has told me(that)he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。He found(that)he lost himself in the forest and that he had no way to dicide the right directions.他发现自己在树林里迷路了，而他又无法确定正确的方向。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire,等表示要求、命令、建议、等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。

I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。2.用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句实为一般疑问句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；

c.引导从句作介词宾语时；

d.从句后有“or not”时；

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用 不同时态。

I know(that)he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America． Our teacher told us that the earth runs around the sun

5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。3.表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。

The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4.同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life ？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

第二篇：名词性从句讲解

名词性从句与高考试题

名词性从句的界定与分类：

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句中的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。从属连词that, if, whether;

连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;连接副词where, when, why, how。

其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分，而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开。

一、主语从句：

定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的主语，这个从句就叫主语从句。

二、主语从句的表现形式： １.由从属连词引导的主语从句：

a.Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.b.That light travels in straight line is known to all.２.由连接代词引导的主语从句： a.What we need is more time.b.Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.c.Whoever comes will be welcome.３.由连接副词引导的主语从句：

a.When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced ． b.Where he has been is still a puzzle.c.How much water is flowing can be measured easily.三、关于形式主语 it

主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式主语 it，而把主语从句移到句未去。

关于形式主语 it: 以 it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：（1）It + be + 形容词 + that/wh-从句

It is quite clear that Tom was fond of music.（2）It + be + 名词 + that/wh-从句

It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question等。（3）It + be + 过去分词 + that/wh-从句

It’s not yet decided that when the test will be given.（4）It seems, happens 等不及物动词 + that/wh-从句 It happened that I didn’t take any money with me.但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语，主语从句一般不能放在句首。a.It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not.b.It’s said that the highway will be open to traffic next year.c.Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon? 练习：

1． ____ you don't like him is none of my business．（92上海）A．What B．Who C．That D．Whether A．What B．That C．This D．Which

2． ____ she couldn't understand was _____fewer and fewer students showed interests in her lessons．（2000上海）

A．What；why B．That；what C．What；because D．Why；that

3． ____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．（99上海）A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever

4． ____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have．（NMET96）A．What；what B．What；that C．That；that D．That；what

5． ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather．（NMET96）A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where

6． ____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．（MET93）A．What B．That C．The fact D．The matter 二, 表语从句：

定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语，这个从句就叫作表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。

1.The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.2.The question remains whether we can win the people.3.That’s just what I want.4.This is where our problem lies.5.The difficulty is how I can help smokers kick their habit.值提注意的是：

1.表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if ,as though引导.Things were not as they seemed.It looks as if it is going to rain.2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：

The reason why…is that …(而不用 because。)It(this, that)is because…

The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard.It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.练习：

1.What the doctors really doubt is____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．

A．when B．how C．whether D．why

2.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week． —Is that ____ you had a few days off？（NMET99）A．why B．when C．what D．where

3.Go and get your coat．It's____ you left it．（MET92）A．there B．where C．there where D．where there

4.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella．____I got wet all through．（98上海）A．It's the reason B．That's why C．There's why D．It's how 三，同位语从句：

定义：在复合句中，用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

同位语从句一般由 that, whether 等连词引导，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。

l.The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.2.I have no idea when he will be back.3.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.4.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

练习：

1.Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities．（2001上海）

A．while B．that C．when D．as

2.______ is no possibility _______.Bob can win the first prize I the match.(上海2001春)A、There;that B、It;what C、There;whether D、It;whether 四，宾语从句

定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，这个从句就叫作宾语从句。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾词，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。1．及物动词后的宾语从句：

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.I wonder why she refused my invitation.2．介词后的宾语从句：

I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.The teacher is satisfied with what she has said.3．某些形容词后的宾语从句：

I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.关于形式宾语it

We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.练习：

1.When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monky exactly____ he wants．（2002年春季上海）A．what B．which C．when D．that

2.—I think it's going to be a big problem ． —Yes，it could be．

—I wonder ____ we can do about it．（2002春季北京、安徽、内蒙古）A．if B．how C．what D.that

3.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）A．how B．after C．what D．when

4.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster____ he had done the day before． A．that B．how C．where D．what

5.These wild flowers are so special that I would do ____ I can to save them（2000春季北京、安徽）A．whatever B．that C．which D．whichever

6.Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for ____ comes in late．（2000春季上海）A．any；who B．every；whoever C．whichever；whoever D．either；whoever

7.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants．（NMET97）A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever

8.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____shares her interests．（95上海）A．anyone B．whom ever C．whoever D．no matter who

学习名词性从句时要注意以下几点：

1.在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：

Someone is ringing the doorbell．Go and see ____．（2000上海）A．who is he B．who he is C．who is it D．who it is Can you make sure ____the gold ring ？（MET90）

A．where Alice had put B．where had Alice put C．where Alice has put D．where has Alice put

You can't imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents．（94上海）A．how they were excited B．how excited they were C．how excited were they D．they were how excited

2.动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。

Do you doubt that he will win ? I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong.He doubt whether I know it.3.否定转移问题。在主句为第一人称主语后跟 think , believe , suppose , expect , guess , imagine 等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中。We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ? 4.主谓一致问题。

What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world． What I bought were three English books． 5.语气问题

a.在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”的结构

I suggest we(should)set off at once.b.在It is ＋过去分词＋that的主语从句中 decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested，required等。It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening． c.在表语从句或同位语从句中。

The suggestion that the mayor(should)present the prizes was accepted by everyone．

d.在It is（was）＋形容词＋that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should ＋）动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有 essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。It is necessary that a college student ________ at least a foreign language．（上海1993）

A．masters B．should master C．mastered D．will master 6．What引导名词从句的特殊含义:

What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．

(what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that．．．；all that．．．；everything that．．．”)After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed．

A．what B．when C．that D．which

He is not what he was a few years ago． Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？ What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world． Our income is now double what it was ten years ago

第三篇：名词性从句

名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。一．引导名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。二.名词性从句的分类如下

（一）主语从句

主语从句的句型.引导词有疑问词wh-及whether/if及that.1、主语从句在复合句作主语。疑问词引导e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

3、If/whether 引导e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.4．It+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,likely,certain,probable,etc)/名词词组（no wonder,an honor , a good thing,a pity,etc)+that从句 e.g.It’s certain that she will do well in the exam/It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.5．It+be+过去分词（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that从句

e.g.It’s said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.Note:that引导主语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略，但that从句置于开头时不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（二）表语从句

表语从句的句型及要点。引导词疑问词wh-及whether及that.1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。疑问词引导的： e.g.The question was who could go there.Note: 引导表语从句的连接词that一般不可省去。

e.g.My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank him.我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他

（三）宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导词有疑问词wh-及whether、if(if 和whether 有区别）及that.引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.Note:以下情况that不可省略：(不考查）

1.当宾语从句的主语是that时。2.2.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时 Father promised that I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.3.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。

4当that偶尔作except和in的宾语时。This book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index.中，that it lacks a good index就是介词 in 的宾语从句，这当中的that就不能省略。

（四）同位语从句。引导词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句引导词有疑问词wh-及whether及that.同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.名词性从句易混知识归纳

易混点一 ：同位语从句与定语从句的区别

that引导的从句，是定语从句还是同位语从句，我们我们采用“试加 法”，来判断。The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact that you must know clearly.1.when、where、why引导的从句

引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义；但引导同位语从句时，其意义完全与疑问词相同，即when表示什么时候，where表示哪儿，引导两种从句时，都在从句中做状语。如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.句中的when相当于“on the day”它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义，因此是定语从句。

I have no idea when she will be back.when与idea毫无意义上的关联，其意思是“什么时候”,因而是同位语从句。易混点二：reason后面的名词性从句

reason做主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导，一般不用because或why，而用it，this或that做主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。

1.“The reason +连系动词+that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是：理由是：。。。The reason was that he fell ill.2.It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+why引导的定语从句。本句型意为：这就是。。。的原因（理由）That is the reason why he failed in the contest, 3.It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+because引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这是因为。。。；这是由于。。。的缘故。That was because he fell ill.4.It（或This、That）+连系动词+why引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这就是。。。的原因。

That was why he fell ill.易混点三：what、whatever、who、whoever等引导的名词性从句 我们可以通过与定语从句的转化知道两组在意义上的差别。Whatever=anything that（无论什么）Whoever=anyone who（无论谁）

Whenever=any time=no matter when（无论何时）Wherever=any place=no matter where（无论何地）这都是泛指。而what、who、when、where则是特指。如： Who spoke at the meeting is unknown The person that spoke at the meeting is unknown.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.注意：1.whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever等常引导主语从句、宾语或表语从句，也可以引导状语从句，等于“no matter +疑问词”。而no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Eg：Whatever I said/No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me..2whoever的宾格还是whoever，一般不用whomever。易混点 whether与if（不做考查）

二者都可以作“是否”讲，能引导名词性从句，都不能省略。1.在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换；

注意：在某些动词后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if。如： We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether，不用if。如：

The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn’t been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.但如果主语从句是有It用作形式主语，if和whether都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3宾语从句中，如果whether后紧跟or not，不用换做if；若whether与or not分开使用，则可以换作if。如： I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I don’t know whetherif I can come or not.4.若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if，而不用whether。如： I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.（炫耀）

5.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时，只能用whether，而不用if。如：

I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.练习：名词性从句

1.Do you see _____ I mean? 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.4.Let me see _____I can repair the radio or not.5.Keep in mind _____ the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____ book I should read first? 7.He was criticized for _____ he had done.8.Would you kindly tell me _____ I can get to the Beijing Railway Station? 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____ she had seen in China.10.We took it for granted ___ they were not coming.11.I really don't know _____ I should do next.12.I'm afraid _____ the little girl will have to be operated on.13.She walked up to _____ I stood.14.Can you tell me _____ that gentleman is? 15.We'll give you _____ you need.16.They want us to know _____ they can do to help us.17.We must put _____ we have learned into practice.18.Did she say anything about _____ the work was to be done yesterday? 19.He was never satisfied with _____ she had achieved in her work.20.These photographs will show you _____ our village looks like.21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill for the dinner.22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.23.We wish we could have learned _____ you did when we were at high school.24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when I go there.25.From _____ 1 know of him I should say he is a good worker.26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.28._____ was said here must be kept secret.29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.30.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.31.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.32._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.33.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.34._____ you have done might do harm to other people.35._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.36._____ the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known to all.37._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.38.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.39.Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off? 40._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said 41.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.42.They are just _____ I want to have.43.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.44.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.45.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.46.We heard the news _____ our team had won.47.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.48.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.高考真题 2011--2013年高考

1._______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.3.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.4.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.5.It was never clear _____ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.6.Modern science has given clear evidence _____ smoking can lead to many diseases.7.When the news came ____ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.8.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ____ the problem is.9.I’d like to start my own business—that’s _____ I’d do if I had the money.10.The villagers have already known ____ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.11.It is still under discussion _____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.12.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _____ we are to shake hands with.13.Our teachers always tell us to belive in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.14.There is clear evidence_____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret（表达）is bodily pain.2012年高考

1.We can not clear ____ the president can do to end the strike.2.The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.3.I made a promise to myself _____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.4.We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a phone taken with the movie star.5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____ he reaches the limits will depend on his environment.6.It doesn’t matter____ you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.7.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ____ he could find about Mark Twain.8.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.9._____ he had left keys in the office was known to us..10.Evidence has been found through years of study ___ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.2013年高考

1.I have no idea ____ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 2.____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.3.____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.4.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5.____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.6.______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.7.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ___ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.8.It’s good to know___ the dog will be well cared for while we’re away.9._____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.10.Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.名词性从句翻译练习

1.你不喜欢他与我无关 2.汤姆已经回来了这很清楚 3.纸是中国首先造出来的这是事实。4.你要的是两个苹果吗？ 5.老师问我们是否知道王芳在那里。6.我叔叔说他很快就会回来 7.他说的话没有一句是真的。8.这取决于你是否想做这件事。9.我为什么迟到的原因是我在半路上遇到塞车了。10.她的头发变白了使她有点担心。11.他们就何时何地举行这次多国会议达成了一致意见。

12.你们的任务是在六点钟以前想尽一切办法找些吃的回来,否则，今晚我们就得挨饿。13.我对你们学英语的建议就是多读，多听，多写。14.我们必须面对这个事实即我们已经花光了所有的钱。

15.他要医院给他做出解释的要求是合理的 16.他问我买小提琴花了多少钱。17.你想象不到他们在收到这份精美的礼物时有多么激动。

18.问题是我们应该做什么来帮助他。19.你同意我们后天去旅行的计划吗？20.什么时候，怎样回家那是他自己的决定。21.哪一只球队会取胜还不一定。22.三天后，我们听到了这样的消息我国有发射一颗人造卫星。23.任何对此事视而不见的（ignore / fail to do）人将回铸成大错。

24.运动会这个星期或是下星期开都没有关系。25.我们现在做的以前从来没有做过。36.你能告诉我这本字典是属于谁的吗？

高中名词性从句讲解与练习

参考答案 名词性从句

1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA 26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC 51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA 高考题：2011：BDDCACCADCABDD 2012：DBCCB ADADD 2013: BCCCD CBDBD 1.That you don’t like her has nothing to do with me..2.It was very clear that Tom had returned 3.It is the fact that paper was first made in China 4 4.Are what you want two apples

第四篇：名词性从句

2007年高考试题单项选择语法分类汇编

十二.名词性从句

1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.[2007 全国卷II]

A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which

2.______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.[2007 上海卷]

A.That B.What C.WhetherD.Where

3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.[2007 上海卷]

A.when B.why C.whetherD.that

4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales ,please? [2007 山东卷]

A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．nomatter who

5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might getin the future.[2007 安徽卷]

A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that

6.—Where’s that report?

—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.[2007 北京卷]

A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.befor

7.It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself.[2007 福建卷]

A.howB.whatC.whichD.when

8.Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.[2007 湖南卷]

A.whyB.that

[2007 江苏卷]

A.what B.why C.how10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.[2007 陕西卷]

A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As

you read．[2007 上海春]

A．that B．what C．which D．whether

12.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.[2007 天津卷]

A.whatB.whichC.howD.where

13.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.[2007 浙江卷]

A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why

第五篇：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句讲解及练习

定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句讲解及练习

名词性从句

whatever与no matter what It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ her or she wants.A.whatever B.no matter what C.whenever D.no matter when 此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C、D显然是错的，因为句中的 wants 缺宾语，而C、D两项不能作宾语。至于C、D 的区别，可这样描述：no matter what 只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而 whatever 既可引导名词性从句(＝anything that)，也可引导状语从句(＝no matter what)：

1.引导名词性从句(只用whatever)： 无论他做什么都是对的。

正：Whatever he did was right.误：No matter what he did was right.无论他说什么似乎都有道理。

正：Whatever he says sounds reasonable.误：No matter what he says sounds reasonable.山羊找到什么就吃什么。

正：Goats eat whatever they find.误：Goats eat no matter what they find.2.引导状语从句(两者可换用)： 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

正：Whatever you say，I won’t believe you.正：No matter what you say，I won’t believe you.无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。正：Keep calm，whatever happens.正：Keep calm，no matter what happens.名词性从句的三个基本要素

要素一：引导词

也就是引导名词性从句的关联词。这些引导词可分为三类,一是that类，二是if / whether类，三是疑问词类。既然是引导词，所以这些词就总是位于名词性从句的最前面。

要素二：语序 名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同，即“主语＋谓语”。事实上，任何一种从句，其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。

要素一：时态

若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。

引导宾语从句that的省略问题

■名词从句作动词宾语时，前面的that常被省略，特别是在非正式语体中：

I suggested(that)they should drive along the coast.我建议他们沿着海岸开车。I hoped(that)I would / should succeed.我曾希望我会成功。I know(that)he will be in time.我知道他会赶得上的。I knew(that)he would be in time.我当时知道他会赶得上的。He thinks(that)they will give him a visa.他想他们会给他签证。He thought(that)they would give him 3 visa.他本想他们会给他签证。I expect(that)the plane will he perted.我料想飞机会改变航线。I expected(that)the plane would be perted.我本料想飞机会改变航线。■在某些动词(如answer, imply)之后则一般需要用that。如： He answered that he was from Austria.他说他是奥地利人。

She answered that she preferred to eat alone.她回答说她愿意独自吃。I don’t wish to imply that you are wrong.我无意暗示你错了。

The newspapers have implied that they are having an affair.报纸报道暗指他们有染。■在较长的句子里，特别在“that从句”与动词隔开时，that一般不可省略。如：

The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that f could have the money without delay.那个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车，并说我会立即收到款。

这个that if是什么意思

这道题中的 that if 是什么意思？

She promised _________ he had enough money she would marry him.A.that B.if C.that if

D.if that 【分析】此题应选 C，其余几项均有可能误选。句子的正常词序为 She promised that she would marry him if he had enough money.由于将条件状语从句 if he had enough money 插入动词 promised 与其宾语从句之间，从而导致许多同学误选。顺便说一句，本来动词 promise 后接宾语从句时，引导宾语从句的 that 是可以省略的，但是按英语习惯，当动词与其宾语从句之间插有其他成分时，引导宾语从句的 that 通常不宜省略，所以此题不宜选B。又如：

She promised that if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of money.她答应要是谁找到她儿子，她会给他一大笔钱。（句子可改为 She promised that she would give him a lot of money if anyone found her son.）

He said that when his wife came back he would leave.他说等他妻子一回来，他就离开。(句子可改写为 He said that he would leave when his wife came back.)Tell him that if he is at home I’ll come to see him.告诉他，如果他在家，我就去看他。(句子可改写为 Tell him(that)I’ll come to see him if he is at home.)

这两道题考查名词性从句吗

第1题

Don’t you know, my dear friend, _________ it is you that she loves? A.who B.which C.that D.what 【分析】此题容易误选 A或B，选 A 者认为这是指人的，故用 who；选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)，其实此题应选C，它引导的是一个宾语从句，只是被其中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成 My dear friend, don’t you know that it is you that she loves? 又如：

I think, though I could be mistaken, _________ he liked me.A.who B.which C.that D.what 答案选 C，句子可改写为 I think that he liked me, though I could be mistaken.即 that he liked me 是动词 think之宾语。

第2题

He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A.that B.which C.as D.because 【分析】此题容易误选 B，误认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实此题应选 A，that 引导的是一个用以修饰名词 the news 的同位语从句。不少同学之所以误选B，正是 believe it or not（信不信由你）这个插入成分惹的祸。

这道题是考查主语从句吗？

这道题是考查主语从句吗？要看仔细定噢！

_________ with the right knowledge can give first aid.A.Who B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Who ever 【分析】此题容易误选B，主要受以下这类句子的影响而形成思维定势： Whoever says that is lying.谁那样说，谁就是在说谎。

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.违反本法者应予以罚款。

Whoever comes first can get a ticket free.谁先来谁就可以免费得到一张票。

以上各例中的 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，它们均可换成 anyone who，但不能换成 anyone。上面的试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实有本质的不同，即 _________ with the right knowledge 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with the right knowledge 为修饰 anyone 的定语。请做以下试题：

(1)_________ with a good education can apply for the job.A.Who B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Who ever(2)_________ has a good education can apply for the job.A.Who B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Who ever(3)_________ having a good education can apply for the job.A.Who B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Who ever(4)_________ seen smoking here will be fined.A.Who B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Who ever(5)_________ is seen smoking here will be fined.A.Who B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Who ever(6)_________ smoking here will be fined.A.Who B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Who ever(7)_________ smokes here will be fined.A.Who B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Who ever 第(1)题选C，介词短语with a good education 为修饰 anyone 的定语； 第(2)题选B，whoever has a good education 为主语从句；

第(3)题选C，现在分词短语having a good education 为修饰 anyone 的定语；

第(4)题选C，过去分词短语seen smoking here 为修饰 anyone 的定语(可视为 anyone who is seen smoking here 之省略)；

第(5)题选B，whoever is seen smoking here 为主语从句(from www.xiexiebang.com)； 第(6)题选C，现在分词短语smoking here 为修饰anyone 的定语； 第(7)题B，whoever smokes here 为主语从句。

that与whether(if)引导名词性从句的区别

两者均可引导宾语从句，也可引导语从句和表语从句(if 通常不行)，但两者含义不同，whether(if)表示“是否”，that 却不表示任何含义。在它们所引出的从句中，that 表示一种肯定、明确的概念，而 whether(if)则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念。比较：

Whether he’ll come is not known yet.他是否来还不清楚。That he’ll come is known to us all.我们都知道他会来。

类似地，动词doubt(怀疑)后接宾语从句时，由于 doubt的含义不确定，故通常用 whether(if)来引导其宾语从句，但若 doubt为否定式，则其后的宾语从句用 that 来引导。如：

I doubt if you are honest.我怀疑你是否诚实。

I don’t doubt that you are honest.我不怀疑你是诚实的。

that, why 与 because 引导表语从句时的区别

虽然三者均可引导表语从句，但 that 没有词义，而 why 和 because 有自己的意思；另外，虽然 why和 because 都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。如：

The reason was that you don’t trust her.原因是你不信任她。

The fact is that they are angry with each other.事实是他们生彼此的气。He was ill.That’s why he was sent to the hospital.他病了，所以被送到医院来。He was sent to the hospital.That’s because he was ill.他被送到医院，是因为他生病了。

whether 和if引导名词性从句的区别

两者均可用于及物动词后引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，常可互换。但除此(用于动词后引导宾语从句)之外，在其他情况下表示“是否”时，通常要用 whether 而不用 if，如用于引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、与or连用分别引导两个分句等，或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与 or not 连用等等。如：

Ask him whether [if] he can come.问他能不能来。The question is whether he can do it.问题是他能不能做。

Answer my question whether you can help him.回答我你是否能帮助他。It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.这取决于信是否来得及时。注：在某些动词后(如 discuss 等)通常只用 whether。如：

We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.我们讨论了是否要开一个会。

that与what引导名词性从句的区别

that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所„„的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如：

1.用that的例子

That she lacks experience is obvious.她缺少经验，这是显然的。

The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time.警察获知他那时不在场。He realized that she too was exhausted.他意识到她也精疲力尽。

My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country.我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is a holiday.鲍勃错误地认为明天是一个假日。It was quite plain that he didn’t want to come.很明显他不想来。

It is natural that they should have different views.他们看法不同是很自然的。

2.用what的例子

What(=The thing that)he said was true.他所讲的是事实。What he had hoped at last came true.他希望的事终于成为现实。What he said is beneath contempt.他说的话不值一理。What he says is true, possibly.或许他说的是对的。What she saw gave her a fright.她看到的情况吓了她一跳。What I want to say is this.我想说的是这一点。I’m sorry for what I said.我为我说的话表示歉意。That’s what I want to know.这是我想知道的。

You had better hear what I have to say.你最好听听我的意见。I managed to get what I wanted.我设法得到了我要的东西。

It was what he meant rather than what he said.这是他的原意而不是他的原话。There’s something in what he says.他的话有些道理。

Her interest was roused by what he said.他的话引起了她的兴趣。

He was always conscious of the fact that she did not approve of what he was doing.他一向清楚她不太赞成他的做法。

注：that 可引导同位语从句，what不能。如: Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗? 学习名词性从句的应注意的关键点

1.备考主语从句应注意以下三点

一是从句作主语，主句谓语动词用第三人称单数；

二是主语从句通常用it作形式主语，尤其是在It is +名词 / 形容词 / 过去分词+that„中，或在It seems / happens that„中，或疑问句中；

三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句一般不用形式主语。

2.备考宾语从句应注意以下四点

一是介词后(except等除外)一般不跟that引导的宾语从句，但可接疑问词引导的宾语从句； 二是在that引导的宾语从句后若还有补语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将that从句置于补语之后； 三是当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时，若宾语从句要表示否定意义，往往要通过否主句来实现，即所谓否定转移；

四是虽然引导宾语从句的that有时可以省略，但若宾语从句前有插入语或有间接宾语时，that不能省略；that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后或者在“形式宾语it+宾补”之后时也不能省略；that从句单独回答问题时，that也不能省略。

3.备考表语从句应注意以下三点

一是除that, whether和疑问词外，as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句； 二要注意“that’s why+结果”以及“that’s because+原因”的区别； 三是注意the reason(why / for„)is that„句式。3.备考同位语从句应注意以下三点

一是同位语从句多在news, order, word(=news / order), idea, hope, suggestion, information, plan, thought, doubt, fear, belief等抽象名词后，说明其具体内容；

二是同位语从句与所说明的名词有时会被谓语所分开，做题时需注意；

三是引导同位语从句的有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how等，但绝大多数由that引导，注意同位语从句不能用which引导。

英语基础语法——名词性从句

一、名词性从句的基本概念

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。(1)主语从句

就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。如：

Whether he will be able to come remains a question.他是否来还是问题。

That China is a great socialist country is well known.众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。

注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。如上述第二例常说成：

It is well known that China is a great socialist country.但是，由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如： What he found surprised me greatly.他的发现使我非常吃惊。Whoever is finished may rest.凡是做完工的人都可以休息。(2)表语从句

就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外，还有as if，as though。如：

The question is whether he is able to do it alone.问题是他能否单独做这件事。It looks as if(though)it is going to snow.天好像要下雪似的。注意：要区分以下句式：

1.that’s why+结果；that’s because+原因。2.the reason why /for„is that„ He is absent.That’s because he is ill.他缺席，这是因为他生病了。He is ill.That’s why he is absent.他病了，这就是他缺席的原因。The reason why he is absent is that he is ill.他缺席的原因是他生病了。(3)宾语从句

就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。如： They didn’t say which they wanted.他们没有说他们想要哪一个。

I am sure(that)no harm will ever come to you.我肯定你永远不会受伤害。I was surprised at what has happened.我对发生的事感到惊讶。

注意：当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时，习惯上将这些连接词置于句首，即“连接代/副词＋do you think /believe /expect＋宾语从句的其余部分？”如：

Who do you think is the best player this year? 你认为今年谁是最佳运动员? What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放学后干什么？(4)同位语从句

就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名词的后面，说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语从句大多由that引导，也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引导，但不能由which引导。如：

The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.“地球是圆的”这种观点并不新鲜。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意此事这们一问题。

I have no idea when he will set out.我不知他什么时候出发。注：有时，同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面。如：

The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing.真相终于大白了，他原来是一只披羊皮的狼。

二、名词性从句的基本要素 A.连接词

就是引导名词性从句的关连接词。共有四类：

1.连词that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。2.连词whether：有“是否”之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if。

3.连接代词：who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。4.连接副词：when, where, why, how等，有意义，在从句中作状语。

5.whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句，意为“无论/不管„„”。注意：连接词必须位于从句的最前面。关于连接词的用法，请参见后文。B.语序

必须与陈述句语序相同：主语＋谓语动词。如： 译：我不知道他去哪里了。

误：I don’t know where has she gone.正：I don’t know where she has gone.C.时态一致

若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，其谓语动词必须用某种过去时态。如：

She said that his father had gone to Beijing.他说他父亲去北京了。(had不能用has)注：宾语从句是一个客观真理时，可以不一致。如：

She told me that the earth goes around the sun.他告诉我地球围绕太阳旋转。

八种宾语从句不省略that

引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略： 1.宾语从句前有插入语。如：

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。

2.有间接宾语时。如： He told me that he was leaving for Japan.他告诉我他要去日本。3.that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：

He said(that)the book was very interesting and that(不省略)all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。

4.在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：

I think it necessary that he should stay here.我们认为他有必要留在这里。5.that从句单独回答问题时。如： —What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？

—That Kate had passed the exam.(他听说)凯特考试及格了。6.在except等介词后。如：

He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。

7.位于句首时。如：

That our team will win, I believe.我相信我们队会赢。8.在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如： He replied that he disagreed.他回答说他不同意。

宾语从句学习指要

用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如：

He asked what you were doing last night.他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。

I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident.我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? 你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗？

在宾语从句中须注意：

1.that 在口语中常被省略，但在正式的文体中，不能省；并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：

I didn’t know(that)he was Li Lei.我不知道他就是李蕾。

I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill.只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。2.宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：

The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys.那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。

3.动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should)do的形式。

He asked that we(should)get there before nine o’clock.他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。

The teacher advised us that we(should)not waste our time.老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。

4.宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。即(from www.xiexiebang.com)：

1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如： He always says that he is our good friend.他总是说他是我们的好朋友。

When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed.当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。

2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如： He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai.他没有告诉我们他来自上海。He said he had read the book.他说他读过这本书。

3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如(from www.xiexiebang.com)：

Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers.毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。

When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world.我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。

同位语从句学习指要

当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。如： The news that China has joined the WTO excite us all.中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon.他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。

同位语中应注意：

1.高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：

Hw sent us a message that he won’t come next week.他送信来告诉我们说，下周他不来了。There is no doubt that he is fit for this job.毫无疑问，它适合这一工作。

2.表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。如(from www.xiexiebang.com)：

He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college.他已清楚的表明了他要努力学习考上大学这一愿望。

Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules.不久命令下来了，所有的人不得违犯制度。

3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方面：

(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词；而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。

(2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容；而定语从句是对先行词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。

(3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担任任何成分，但不能省略；而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中担任句子的某种成分，当担任定语从句中的宾语时，that可以省略。

(4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what, how, whether引导；而同位从句可以用what, how, whether引导(from www.xiexiebang.com)。

(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语；而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。

表语从句学习指要

当一个子句充当句子的表语时，这个子句就叫做表语从句。如：

My idea is that he can teach children English in this school.我的想法是他能够在这所学校教孩子们英语。

My hope is that he will keep it a secret for ever.我的希望是它将永远保守秘密。表语从句中应注意：

1.连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank him.我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。

2.当句子的主语是：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should +do。如：

My advice is that you should go to apologize to him.我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。

主语从句学习指要

用来作主语的句子叫做主语从句。如：

(1)When he was born is unknown.他生于何时还不知道。

(2)What he did last night is being investigated.他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。在主语从句中须注意：

1.主语从句一般用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将主语从句放到句末。如：(1)It is possible that he has stolen the car.很可能他偷了小车。

(2)Isn’t it strange that he should not have passed the test