第一篇：2012职称英语理工类押题精品

第八篇 A Biological Clock一个生物时钟

Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior.The biological clock tells(1)humans when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1.It tells(2)insects when to leave the protective cocoon茧 and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal(3)affect the actions of some biological clocks.Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur(4)because the number of hours of daylight.In the short(5)days of winter, its fur becomes white.The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks.German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration(6)flight twice each year.Birds(7)prevented from flying become restless when it is time for the trip,(8)but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which(9)parts of the brain contain biological clocks.An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain(10)seems to control the timing of some of our actions.These(11)cells tell a person when to(12)awaken, when to sleep and when to seek food.Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr.Moorhead is studying(13)how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2.For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.(14)It can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours.Dr.Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers.He said(15)such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production.第九篇Wonder Webs惊奇网络

Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps.And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider.The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet(1)tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient(2)silk called dragline.When the female spider is ready to(3)weave the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly.Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along(4)it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.恒星英语论坛

Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver(5)reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years.The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made(6)material used in bullet-proof vests.And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original(7)length and snap back as well as new.No human-made fiber even comes(8)close.It is no(9)wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk.In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run.Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables.A steady(10)supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars – but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not(11)work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline.The(12)first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders.Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells.The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their(13)milk.“The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without(14)any help from us,” says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner.Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers(15)as fast as the real thing snags bugs.第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness心灵鸡汤：爽心

食品排解孤独感

Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries．1 but

according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and

2emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．

“For me 3 personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 by making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make 7 participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in each

8group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．9 Finally ,the researchers had participants 10 complete

questions about their levels of loneliness．

Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．”We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．“says Troisi．”Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．“In 12their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, 14eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15connections with others,” Troisi says．“Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．

* 第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities气候变化给不备

城市带来重大风险

A new examination of urban policies has been 1carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 urban development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 gases ．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao.”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5protect their residents.”

Cities are 6 major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change.Lankao’s findings

highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 benefits ．

The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters.Potential

8threats

associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather.Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heavily

paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs.They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14automobile use.In fact, many local governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 idle

policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.★*第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk快餐加免费降胆

固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险

Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2suggest in a new study．

Statins reduce the 3amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood.A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4risk.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from

6eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．

Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your

8possobility of having a heart attack.Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less thesame

9degree

as a fast food meal increases it.”

“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed.It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11provided

free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 12customer

---not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．

When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a statin is a rational way of 15lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．

*第三十二篇

Mind-reading Machine 1)What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? 2)Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer? 3)“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work” means 4)What did the researchers experiment on? 5)Which of the following can be the best replacement of the title? Mind-reading Machine

1)Neurons in the brain.2)fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.3)“marking the parts of the brain that are processing information” 4)Two volunteers.5)Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.①什么负责处理通过眼睛发送的信息？ ②下面哪个观点不是作者的意思？

③“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work”的意思是___________。④研究人员用什么做实验？

⑤下列哪个选项最能替换标题？

①大脑中的神经元

②fMRI帮助科学家去发现大脑如何智能地开发？

③标记出大脑部分来处理信息（大脑部分作出记号来处理信息）④2名志愿者

⑤你的想法可以被扫描（知晓）

*第三十四篇

（新增）Batteries Built by Viruses 1）According to the first paragraph, people try to 2）What is Belcher's team doing at present? 3）What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word “shrink” appearing in paragraph 5?

4）Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6? 5）How tiny is one battery part?34.Batteries Built by Viruses）stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.2）It is making batteries with viruses.读心机 3）Expand.4）It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5）Its width is one tenth of a hair.①根据第一段，人们试着去做_________ ②贝尔彻的团队现在在做___________-③下面哪一个词的意思和文中第五段的“萎缩”的意思相反。④在文中第六段中提到的关于贝尔彻的团队，哪一项是正确的。⑤一个电池能够有多小？ 34．病毒电池 ① 远离病毒，因为他们能够导致各种疾病 ②制作用病毒构成的电池 ③扩展

④有病毒在里面的金属圆盘 ⑤它的宽度是头发的十分之一

*第三十五篇

Putting Plants to work 1)What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy? 2)Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches? 3)According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen? 4)Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently.Which one of the following is one such difficulty？ 5)What is NOT true of algae?

35.Putting Plants to work 1)Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.2)Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.3)When there is no oxygen in the air.4)It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.5)They are cheap to eat.①关于植物涉及太阳能，作者说________ ②一些科学家研究植物如何把阳光、二氧化碳、水转化成糖和淀粉的原因是________。③ 根据第五段，________时，海藻能用太阳能制造氢气？

④ 研究员们发现在努力使海藻有效产生氢气时存在困难，这样的困难是_________ ⑤于海藻的说法，错误的是_________ ①植物数十亿年来一直利用太阳能 ②因为他们想让绿色植物变成新的能源 ③当空气中没有氧气

⑤硫酸盐被清除后，海藻太慢而不能产生（更多）的氢气 ⑥作为食物，它们很便宜

*第三十八篇（新增）

“Life Form Found” on Saturn’s Titan 1）What have scientists found about Saturn? 2）What do scientists say about Titan? 3）To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does"this form

4）What can be inferred from what Allen said? 5）Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?

让植物发挥作用 38.“Life Form Found” on Saturn’s Titan

1）They have found methane-based life on Titan 2）There are life clues there.3)Methane-based life.4)Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.5)A different Life Form, a Possibility ①在土星上科学家发现了什么_____________.②关于土卫六科学家说了什么______________

③艾伦说了什么，从中能得到推论出什么______________ ④动物园中饲养的大象遭受压力和肥胖的可能的原因是______________.⑤下列那句话能代替本文的主题________38.土卫六上发现生命迹象 ①他们在土卫六上发现以甲烷为基础的生命迹象 ②有生命在那。

③以甲烷为基础的生命迹象。

④在土卫六上是否存在生命科学家们有不同的争论。⑤可能存在一种与地球不同的生命形式。*第四十篇

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety 1）What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph? 2）What is implied in the third paragraph? 3）According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt 4）The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings 5）David Geary thinks that 40.Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety 1)Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2)A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3)uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4)prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5)the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.①第一段提到的在芝加哥大学研究的结果是_____________。②第三段落的含义是_____________。

③根据实验,这些教师可能是担心时,他们的数学成绩的感受_____________。④第六段落告诉我们研究发现_____________。

⑤David Geary 认为_____________。40.教数学，教焦虑

①女性教师信任她们的数学能力和女学生的数学能力有关 ②一个困难的科目像数学可能影响教师的教学主题的信心。③看到很多的销售数据就会感到不自在

④女性教师的数学焦虑和她们的女学生的数学成绩有很有力的联系 ⑤实验结果还是初步的，需要更大的样本对其进行重复验证

第二篇：2014年职称英语理工类B级考前押题(-)

2014年职称英语理工类B级考前押题(一)第一部分 词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A.force

B.influence

C.surprise

D.power

2、Can you follow the plot?

A.change

B.investigate

C.write

D.understand

3、Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A.physical

B.mental

C.natural

D.hard

4、In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A.result

B.judgment

C.decision

D.event

5、Norman B amey,is an artist of deep convictions.A.statements

B.beliefs

C.suggestions

D.claims

6、Up to now, the work has been easy.A.So

B.So long

C.So that

D.So far

7、The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A.supposed

B.excited

C.suggested

D.discussed

8、Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A.Therefore

B.Afterwards

C.However

D.Furthermore

9、The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A.view

B.sight

C.look

D.point

10、Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A.tensely

B.nearly

C.carefully

D.closely

11、The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.explained

B.invented

C.considered

D.accepted

12、He talks tough but has a tender heart.A.heavy

B.strong

C.kind

D.wild

13、It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A.making

B.taking

C.discussing

D.expecting

14、Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing..A.waste

B.buy

C.use

D.sell

15、The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A.function

B.ability

C.power

D.volume 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

Computers

Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities.The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company.On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies.Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities.In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States —— one for every 10 citizens.It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work.However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers.Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work;how they are developed;their limitations and costs;and the manner in which information systems may be used.Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.1.Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them.These sounds are called echoes(回声).Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.2.Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.Sounds or ultrasonic(超声的)sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects.So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.3.Radar is now a familiar tool.Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication.They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington，D IC.to a vehicle across the river.They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships.They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.4.All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.The word “radar,” in fact, gets its name from the term “radio detection(检测)and ranging.” “Ranging” is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set.Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.5.One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.6.A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone.Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar.Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.Paragraph 2__________.Paragraph 3__________.Paragraph 4__________.Paragraph 5__________.A Study of Sound

B Highway Police

C Working Principles

D Early Use of “Radar”

E Useful Tools

F Discovery by Chance Echo-sounding devices were early used to__________.Ultrasonic device were used to__________.Police use radar on highways to__________.Radar helps pilots to__________.A detect nearby objects

B determine the depth of the ocean water

C decide how fast you drive

D stop passing ships

E map the ocean floor

F observe water flow 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇

Ocean Noise Pollution

Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines.Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels(分贝)measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears.In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in.oceans.They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales(鲸鱼).A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way.Some of the whales even died.The explosions had caused their ears to bleed(出血)and become infected(感染).Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels.They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed.They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?

A The sound of a car.B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution.D The sound of steps.32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT__________.A sounds made by animals themselves.B ocean drilling.C underwater earthquakes.D the breaking of ice fields.，33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?

A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.34 Which of the following is true of whales?

A They won't be confused by noises.B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?

A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.第二篇

Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies

In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment.What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire.In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work.Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it.By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future.It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan.A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work.They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career.This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time.They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the companymay explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.A leaves his company only when business is bad.B gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.C can work there throughout his career，D can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A Family and company interests are equally important

B The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.C One's future is guaranteed through hard work.D Devotion to one's company is encouraged……

Lifetime employment influences one's__________.A achievements at work.B performance at work.C career options.D attitude toward work.39 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.A his marriage with the daughter of the president.B the close link between him and his company.C his willingness to work overtime.D his active participation in quality control，40 The passage mainly discusses__________.A how lifetime employment works in Japan.B what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.C what lifetime employment is.D how lifetime employment is viewed.第三篇

Dreams of Flight

The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself.According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly.He and his son had been kept on an island.In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax(2)into which he stuck bird feathers.During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax.He was drowned in the sea.The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly.But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death.The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone.It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century.He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water.Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight.He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres(空心球).ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter(直径)and made of very thin copper.But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped(摆动)their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same.So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented.Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines.It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed-man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?

A He killed the guards and got out of the island.B A god came to rescue him and took him away.C His son came to rescue him and took him away.D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.A he flew too far.B he flew too high.C he fell to the ground，D he was hit by a stone.43 The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.A a Greek.B an Englishman.C a Chinese.D an Italian.44 The priest failed to build the boat because__________.A he could not raise enough money.B his design was not scientific.C he could not find enough copper.D copper spheres could not be made as designed

According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.A he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.C they were made of heavy metal.D they were made of light feathers.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

The Building of the Pyramids

The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids.__________(46)There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids.The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago.Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__________(47).These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.__________(48).However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.__________(49)

Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.__________(50)You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere.Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.C The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Transportation

For many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation(运输).Before the(51)of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe.Traders sometimes(52)to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals.Each animal often carried(53)400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day.This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the “ships of the(54).”

Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very(55)time.One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000(56).In addition, trains use special cars for their load.Refrigerator cars carry food;boxcars carry heavy goods;stock cars carry animals;and tank cars carry oil.Air travel has changed, too.The earliest planes were biplanes(双翼飞机), with(57)sets of wings.The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour.The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air.The plane(58)sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip.It used to be(59)to fly in bad weather.In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy.Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes.Monoplanes(单翼飞机)took the(60)of biplanes.Pilots flew inside of covered cabins.Still, even these planes were small and expensive.Only(61)people were be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people.No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet.Further improvements have(62)the cost of flying, and they have made air travel(63)safer than it used to be.A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour.People(64)used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65)these things are a normal part of air travel!

A age B series C year

D period

A ought B added C used

D led

A away B as many as C out

D as much as

A desert B trains C transportation D goods

A quick B short C good

D no

A camels B ships C pounds

D cars

A one B three C two

D four

A wings B engines C pilots D speed

A probable B possible C improbable

D impossible

A seat B pace C place

D vacancy

A technical B rich C those

D professional

A got rid of B raised C avoided

D lowered

A much B so C very

D such

A sometimes B occasionally C neither

D never

A But B So C Now

D However 参考答案:

词汇选项

1-15 BDAAB DCAAD ACCCD

阅读判断

16.A

17.B

18.B

19.A

20.B 21.C

概括大意

23.D

24.F

25.C

26.B

27.E

28.B

29.C

30.A

阅读理解

参考答案：

31.C

32.B

33.A

34.D

35.B

36.C

37.A

38.D

39.B

40.A

41.D

42.C

43.D

44.D

45.A

补全短文

46.F

47.A

48.B

49.D

50.C

完形填空

46.F

47.A

51.A

52.C

56.A

57.C 48.B

49.D 53.B

54.A 58.C

59.D 50.C 55.B 60.C

第三篇：2012职称英语押题

To Have and have not 1.why did the writer want to to have a change of scene 2.what attracted the writer the light coming from inside 3.the writer found the stock of top quality 4.what was unusual about the she seemed to know him 5.the writer disliked the back he saw nothing he really like

Going Her Own Way 1.maria wanted to attend technical high school 2.in those days,most Italian girls did not go to high school 3.you can infer from this passage only boys usually attend 4.maria’s father probably had very traditional views 5.high school teachers in Italy in quite strict

A Tale of Scottish Rural Life 1.what is sunset song mainly

the lives of rural Scottish 2.which statement is not true she married only once

3.what is the opening section

the history of kinraddie 4.who are responsible for ewan

the germans

5.the word sunset occurring in

the end of traditional life

Pop Music in Africa

1.this passage is about how

more serious than most 2.for people outside of Africa

both familiar and different 3.the musicians mentioned in

write about serious problems 4.eric wainaina music in boston 5.witness mwaijaga writes about

she has had a difficult life

Why So Many Children 1.in a traditional agricultural

can be an advantage 2.when countries become

the birth rate generally 3.according to this passage

industrialized low birth 4.Saudi Arabia is mentioned

Factors other than the 5.In mexico,Thailand,and

Has tried to improve the

EAT to Live

1.which of the following not

we have to begin dieting 2.why does the author mention

to illustrate the effect of 3.what can be inferred about

they are more likely to suffer 4.which of the following most

the mice that started dieting 5.according to the last two

dieting is not a good method

New us Plan for Disease Prevention 1.which is not true of chronic

they often result in unhealthy 2.the author mentions all the

higher survival rate for cancer 3.the article indicates that more

much less money needed for 4.the $15 million program is

promoting disease prevention 5.early cancer screening can help

cancer death rate

The Operation of International Airlines 1.in operating airlines it is essential

cater to the need of passengers 2.the following are all mentioned

the tourist industry is experiencing

3.the improvements the airlines

showing more movies during 4.there is not much the airlines

speeding up customs procedure 5.which of the following is a bad

travel on the flight they booked

Sauna

1.ceremonial bathing various forms 2.what is understood by some

saunas with smoke

3.according to the third except

curing asthma

4.according to the fourth because

pores are cleaned by sweat 5.who are advised not to take

all of the above

Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist 1.the question raised in the first

that was never thought of before 2.the project funded by the national

was to find out why some buildings 3.the column mentioned by dr.was part of the building close to 4.A surprising discovery made by

Some floor framing systems are 5.What dr.reinhorn said in the last

Blast engineering emerges as a Americans Get Touchy 1.the word “practically”in the

nearly 2.which is not among the embrace 3.some parents tearchers excep diseases could be transmitted 4.which following is true in some countries,it’s usual 5.we can infer that

positive

Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for 1.debenhams could most a department store 2.british women are happy the climate of great britain 3.we can infer from the second most women no longer wore 4.which following statements true from the age of 23,skirt length 5.the word “zoom” in the first soar

Defending the Theory of Evolution 1.according to the first paragraph school boards oppose AIBS’s 2.which one of not the reason darwin’s theory is denied as 3.AIBS is composed

more than 80

4.According to weis in the 5th

Is fundamental to the 5.Why do people replace the

The term creationism is too

Narrow Escape

1.why was it “too late” by the

rocks loosened by melting 2.the first reason given to

that climbers above you 3.what is likely to be cailloux

rocks are falling

4.what is sarcastic in the words

being hit by a rock isn’t 5.in what sense was toby ”safe”

the overhanging rock would

Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 1.scotland is thought to have

the ideas proposed by some 2.which of the following

to find ways to improve 3.smith’s idea of “enlightened

the prosperity of all nations 4.which of the following true

it is still alive in a broad sense 5.the institute for system level

the tradition of Scottish higher

The Beginning of American Literature 1.what does “that hope” in

the hope to start a new life 2.when did American literature

long before the year 1,000 3.what can we learn from the

about the everyday life of 4.the main purpose of the last

early-day experience 5.which of the following true

some british writers had great

Older Volcanic Eruptions

1.why did older volcanic eruptions

they killed off life more 2.how did wignall calculate

by comparing the proportion 3.when did dinosaurs become

million years ago 4.what can be inferred from

the cause of their extinction 5.what is the main thesis of

older volcanic eruptions were

School Lunch

Properly

provide choose finding Standards portion examined Consume understanding increased Criticize nutritional affect habits

prevent

A Powerful Influence

Ever Curious harmful staring at

absorbed

Make word holding Steps negotiating seriously discuss

Necessarily

absolutely going

The Old Gate

Reasons diseases demolished

Stroke actual boundary storage Unfashionable maintain set up Preservation down replaced Chance job

Family History

Attracted

find

fairly

one

Going

decision quite

cause Avoided

connected

treat

for way

get

might

Helen and Martin

Would up weakened curiosity Become warning bothered Confidence ignoring through Gaining on took help quiet

第四篇：2015年职称英语理工类A级考前押题(二)

2015年职称英语理工类A级考前押题(二)

一、词汇辨析(共15题，合计15分)1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A.take out

B.break off C.push in D.dig up 2The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A.play B.show C.send D.tell 3 This table is strong and durable.A.long-lasting

B.extensive C.far-reaching D.eternal 4 He endured great pain before he finally expired.A.fired B.resigned C.die D.retreated 5The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A.smilingB.laughingC.shouting D.staring 6The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity A.measure B.opinion C.method D.decision 7It's sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first.A.workable B.reasonable C.possible D.available 8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.A.boiled B.polluted C.mixed D.sweetened 9You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position A.maintain

B.better C.acquire D.support 10 She stood there, trembling with fear.A.jumping B.crying C.moving D.shaking Medical facilities are being upgraded.A.expanded B.repairedC.improved D.transferred 12 Rock climbing is hazardous.A.interesting B.dangerous C.attractive D.useful 13John is eligible for this job.A.accepted B.recommendedC.rejectedD.recommended 14 In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.A.involveB.decreaseC.speed upD.give up 15Mary looked pale and weary.A.worried B.ugly

C.silly D.exhausted

二、阅读判断(共1题，合计7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

Micro-chip research center created A research center has been set up in this far-east country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology.The center, which will start out with about US$14million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants.The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country‟s flagship chipmaker.Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don‟t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology provider are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance.As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out-dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S.dollars.the majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners-mainly from Japan and Singapore.Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in industry, the country admits the US$14million in vestment is still rather small.This country is developing comprehensive technologies.Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property owners.16The country says that the investment of US$14 million is big enough for developing that country‟ chip industry.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17 That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18Although the licensing fees are not very high, that far-east country cannot afford to pay.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 20 Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 21Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22 More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

三、概括大意(共1题，合计8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more

trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and

feeling refreshed after a night‟s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine，demonstrate that people who want to get a good night‟s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea'‟for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep

questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they

experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed.As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they‟ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.23Paragraph 2 _E__.24Paragraph 4_B__.25Paragraph 5__A_.26Paragraph 6__D_.A.Keprike‟s research tool B.Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep

C.Criticism on Kripke‟s report D.A way of overcoming insomnia E.Sleep problems of long and short sleepers

F.Classification of sleep problems 27To get a good night‟s rest，people may not need to _F__.28Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to__E_.29One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to__A_.One survey showed that people who habitually __C_each night have a higher risk of dying.A fall asleep again.B become more energetic the following day

C sleep less than 7 hours D confirm those serious consequences

E suffer sleep problems F sleep more than 8 hours

四、阅读理解(共3题，合计45分)短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短

文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Stress Level Tied to Education Level

People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the

Journal of Health and Social Behavior.However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random.Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1.03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health.People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days，people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time，and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.„Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health。‟”lead researcher Dr.Joseph Grzywacz，of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement.“The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors.and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.”

Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why

less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.“If something happens every day, maybe it‟snot seen as a

stressor”Grzywacz says.“Maybe it is just 1ife.”

Stress level is closely related to B)social status.32The 1.03 1 adults were interviewed A)on adaily basis for 8days.33 Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?

D)People with college degrees.34The less advantaged people are，the greater

A)the impact of stress on their health is.35Less—educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because C)stress is too common a factor in their life.Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷)An underground revolution begins this winter.With the flip(轻击)of a switch,30,000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive

electricitytransmitted by ice cold high performance cables.Other American cities are expected to followDetroit's example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary becausethey are made of superconductors.A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity withlittle or no resistance.Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current.Allcommon electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance.They convert atleast some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat.Superconductors don't.No one understands how superconductivity works.It just does.Making superconductors isn't easy.A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance.The first superconductors, made more than 50years ago, had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance.Newersuperconducting materials lose their resistance at-143 degrees Celsius.The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material thatcontains copper, oxygen, bismuth(铋), strontium(锶), and calcium(钙).A ceramic is ahard, strong compound made from clay or minerals.The superconducting ceramic has beenfashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is super cold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where itconveys electricity with zero resistance.The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance.Becausecooled supercondUutors have no resistance, they waste much less power, other cities arewatching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable andconserve power, too.36What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.37Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors__________ A.have little or no electrical resistance 38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance__________? A.-143 degree Celsius.39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature__________? B.Liquid nitrogen.40According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true__________? D.The Fribie experiment is not successful.The Science of the Future

Until recently, the “science of the future” was supposed to be electronics and artificialintelligence.Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs intechnology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistryand genetic engineering.This combination is the science of biotechnology.Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的)materials.However,it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and alsoto absorb moisture.Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near thecombination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we fred in the bodies of ordinary insects.Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing” a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin.The next step may well be “biotech heartsand eyes” which can replace diseased organs in human beings.These will not be rejected by thebody, as is the case with organs from humans.The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising.In1996 the famous science-fiction writer, Arthur C.Clarke, many of whose previous predictionshave come true.He said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewablesources of energy.Some of these power sources will be biological.Clarke and others havewarned us repeatedly that sooner or later we wi/1 have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources.Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient.However, using them alsomeans creating dangerously high levels of pollution.It will be impossible to meet the growingdemand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的)levels unlesswe develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solveour problems.Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power.Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise/imit/ess, cheap and safe energy.Today thosepromises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl, in the Ukraine.Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerousway.41According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be__________ B.biotechnology 42 Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are__________ C.not as good as natural materials 43 According to the passage, it may soon be possible__________ D.to make artificial hearts and eyes 44In 1996, Arthur C.Clarke predicted that__________ B.oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future.45 What do we learn from the last paragraph__________?

C.Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power.五、补全短文(共1题，合计10分)补全短文

Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned.Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and ____(46)C in preparing effective advertising campaigns ____.They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects.They offer familiarization and workshop tours ____(47)_ B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand

knowledge of the tours.___.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling.In this way agents learn ____(48)_ F to explain destinations

___ and to suggest different modes a