第一篇：2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷-中大网校

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2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷(3)总分：100分

及格：60分

考试时间：120分

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

(1)The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.(2)Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.(3)The park is a good place for strollers.(4)At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.(5)The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.(6)he Weddell seal of Antarctica can pe to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.中大网校

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(7)Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F.Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.(8)The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.(9)The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their experience.(10)Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.(11)Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.(12)In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by piding the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.中大网校

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(13)Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.(14)The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.(15)The children's story writer known as Dr.Seuss proved that the simplest stories for children could have characterization and suspense.第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

(1)根据下列材料请回答{TSE}题：Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc(集团)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated(给以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基础结构)；many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies;often under pressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, 中大网校

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notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.{TS}Japan has a long trading tradition.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(2)Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(3)All African countries followed the IMF formula.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(4)The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(5)Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(6)China did not take IMF advice.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(7)Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned 中大网校

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第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。

(2)Paragraph 3 ___________

(3)Paragraph 4 ___________

(4)Paragraph 5 ___________ 中大网校

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(5)Only through the shared language ___________.(6)The idea of the national boundaries in often different from ___________.(7)Speakers are classified into two groups ___________.中大网校

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(8)An understanding of English ___________.第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Hair DetectivesScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been.The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique.Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen.Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh.Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R.Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States.The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water.That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water.What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country.Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their 中大网校

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results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions.One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City.As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.{TS}What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct? ___________ A.A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different region B.B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United State C.C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxyge D.D Tap water is used to cook foo

(2)James R.Ehleringer tried to find out___________． A.A if our bodies break water down into its parts B.B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country C.C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen D.D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from

(3)Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? ___________ A.A Ehleringer was successful in his researc B.B Ehleringer failed in his researc C.C Ehleringer can be a successful detectiv D.D Ehleringer's research proved successful in Chin

(4)What does the last paragraph tell you? ___________ A.A The new technique can tell precisely where a person live B.B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same sourc C.C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the polic D.D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crime

(5)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? ___________ A.A Human hair may help detectives to solve crime B.B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crime C.C Detectives watch hairy criminals closel D.D Most detectives are hair specialist

(6)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。

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(7)The writer says that travel was important in the past because it __________.A.A was a way of spreading ideas B.B broke down political barriers C.C led to economic progress D.D made new ideas less schooling

(8)The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because _________.A.A there are so many people working in similar fields B.B there is a lot of social unrest at universities C.C their follow experts are scattered round the world D.D their laboratories are in remote places

(9)The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to __________.A.A spend less time travelling B.B cut down research costs C.C develop their ideas more quickly D.D keep up with current developments

(10)Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of __________.A.A friendships formed by scholars at meetings B.B articles in learned journals C.C the work of international agencies D.D programs initiated by governments

(11)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Geography and MovementTo understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky.Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth.Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere.As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation.This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth.Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars.The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an 中大网校

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independent motion in the sky.The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly.Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so.The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky.There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere.These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn.All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic.Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.{TS}The ancient people believed that ___________.A.A the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky B.B the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth C.C the patterns of stars on the sky would never change D.D the stars around the sky were not stationary

(12)Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? ___________ A.A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plan B.B The moon revolved along the eclipti C.C The moon moves faster than the su D.D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's tim

(13)It is stated in astrology that ___________.A.A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motion B.B the sun was moving westward around the sky C.C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week D.D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun

(14)All the other five planets ___________.A.A always appear near the path of the sun B.B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does C.C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth does D.D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does

(15)According to the passage which of the following is true? ___________ A.A A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sk B.B Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planet C.C Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the star D.D All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year aroun

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第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

(1)根据下列短文，补全{TSE}题。

(2)回答第47空。

(3)回答第48空。

(4)回答第49空。

(5)回答第50空。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche.Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes；also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees； the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60；that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61，including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62，and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations；snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.文章大意：雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人民生命和财中大网校

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产安全的最大危险之一。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。{TS}回答第51空。A.A among B.B of C.C to D.D in

(2)回答第52空。A.A when B.B that C.C who D.D whose

(3)回答第53空。A.A mostly B.B likely C.C clearly D.D surely

(4)回答第54空。A.A are B.B will be C.C is D.D was

(5)回答第55空。A.A weight B.B form C.C risk D.D work

(6)回答第56空。A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather

(7)回答第57空。

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A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather

(8)回答第58空。A.A among B.B between C.C with D.D for

(9)回答第59空。A.A thick B.B thin C.C flat D.D rocky

(10)回答第60空。A.A use B.B time C.C snow D.D rain

(11)回答第61空。A.A journey B.B trip C.C fact D.D process

(12)回答第62空。A.A conditions B.B reports C.C forecast D.D event

(13)回答第63空。A.A increase B.B reduce 中大网校

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C.C improve D.D remove

(14)回答第64空。A.A price B.B effort C.C attention D.D money

(15)回答第65空。A.A missing B.B grown C.C big D.D fresh

答案和解析

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。(1):B

(2):A

(3):B

(4):B

(5):D 中大网校

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(6):A

(7):C

(8):A

(9):D

(10):D

(11):C

(12):A

(13):B

(14):C

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(15):D

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。(1):A 这道题的依据是第一段中的一句话：East Asia has a long trading tradition．日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。(2):A 本题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到，文章说有些国家常常是在有压力的情况下采取了国际货币基金组织(IMF)误导的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。(3):B 在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去发展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswans和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。(4):B 第一段里有一句话：The Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years．70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。(5):C 文中没有提到澳大利亚。(6):A 本题的依据是文章最后一段的第一句话：„，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula．即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。(7):C 在第二段的末尾讲到前苏联搞私有化的事，但没有说有高官在私有化过程中受益。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)(1):F 此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看作是语言群体的定义。(2):D 此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用composition“构成”一词。(3):A 此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。(4):C 此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。(5):B 答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语部分要求使用倒装句。(6):A 第二段第四句话表明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the＋有关前述名词，以避免重复。(7):D 第三段第二句表明为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。for the sake of指“出于„„的考虑”。(8):E 中大网校

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第四段最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。

第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1):B 第三段和第六段谈到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的，因为文章第六段说，我们饮用的牛奶和饮料都含有大量水分，而没有说tap water是软饮料。(2):C 第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique pro-portions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正确答案。(3):A 第六段和第七段提供了答案。科学家发现头发能反映出当地自来水中氢、氧同位素的含量；科学家也已经研究出不同地区水成分是不同的，并且在此基础上来确定来自不同地区的人的头发成分。(4):C 选项A、B、D与原文均有出入。尽管在一个较大的范围内，人们使用成分较为相同的水，但是水的成分组成提供的信息可以帮助官方缩小破案线索范围。(5):A 题目的意思是：人的头发可以帮助侦探破案。(6):D 根据文章第一段的最后一句话可以判断学生们出国是因为寻找更能让人受到鼓舞的老师，更有名的学府，更纯粹的哲学等。由此可见选项D最符合题意。(7):A 根据文中第三段的最后一句话“„and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge”可以看得出为了更快地传播知识是他们旅游的主要目的。所以A应为正确答案。(8):A 本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第五段。根据题意可以得知学科的繁殖导致了大量科学家的诞生，他们如果不相互交流就不得不孤立地工作。由此可判断A为最佳选择。(9):C 根据文中最后一句话“This trend has led to a great deal of academic contac between disciplines，and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of special knowledge，„”可以推断C为最佳答案。(10):A 文章倒数第二段最后一句话说“From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation，and provide with their most satisfactory stimulus”，这里的“personal relationships”指的就是“friendship”。由此可见A应为正确答案。(11):C 根据第一段最后两句话，我们可以看出古人认为是地球的转动带动了群星的转动，而群星事实上在天空中保持不变的模式，是恒定的。所以，正确答案应为C。(12):D 根据第三段的第二句和第三句话，文中说月亮的位置变化相对而言比较快，尽管看起来每天起起落落，事实上它的运动间歇为一个小时。由此可以肯定D为正确答案。(13):D 中大网校

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根据第二段第一句话，太阳沿黄道的运动反映了地球的旋转规律，由此可见太阳的旋转与地球的旋转是相似的。所以正确答案应为D。(14):A 文章最后一句话提到“Because we see the planets from the moving earth，however，they behave in a complicated way，„”，说明行星运行的更为复杂。所以A应为正确答案。(15):B 根据文章的最后一句话，“„their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well”可以得出结论那五颗行星的运动也反映了地球的运动。在四个选项中，只有B符合题意，所以正确答案为B。第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)(1):B B系动词is后面缺表语，而这个表语需能说明主语history。(2):A A agriculture是句子的主语，需要填入谓语动词。(3):E 这里后面的句子在语法上已经完整，所以缺的很可能是一个状语短语。(4):C 后面的or提示了这里用either的可能性很大，再看一下either和or后面的两个成分agriculturalraw materials和consumer goods based on them是并列的，便可确认。(5):D therefore后面跟-ing短语表示结果，这里的therefore相当于thus。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。(1):A 表达“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在„„之中)。(2):B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。(3):B 选项A不符合语法，c和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。(4):C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。(5):C 要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。(6):D 第56和第57可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。(7):B(见56)。(8):B 中大网校

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理解该句的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在350—450之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在„„之间。(9):C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。(10):A 句子中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。(11):D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。(12):A 选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。(13):B 选项A不符合句子的意思；C不能和risk搭配；D悖逆符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。(14):C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention t0的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。(15):A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句义。

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第二篇：2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷-中大网校

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2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷(2)总分：100分

及格：60分

考试时间：120分

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

(1)The cylindrical shape of a cactus reduces moisture loss.A.A lessens B.B delays C.C redistributes D.D reverses

(2)In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles' epidermal plates reflect seasonal variations in growth.A.A indicate B.B stimulate C.C include D.D prevent

(3)During the 1840's, Dorothea Dix was a leader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions.A.A unification B.B creation C.C revival D.D betterment

(4)The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow.A.A areas B.B rocks C.C mountains D.D seas

(5)Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regularly reduced the price of his early automobiles.A.A recklessly B.B hesitantly C.C greatly D.D routinely 中大网校

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(6)Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailments.A.A operation B.B recovery C.C casting D.D relaxation

(7)It is not possib1e for peop1e to remember everything that they have thought.A.A reca11 B.B appreciate C.C repeat D.D discuss

(8)A fossil is remnant of a once-living organism.A.A bone B.B solvent C.C picture D.D vestige

(9)An expert in any fie1d may be defined as a person who possesses specia1ized ski11s and is capab1e of rendering very competent services.A.A obtaining B.B mastering C.C providing D.D financing

(10)Among the men and women who reshaped the American working class during the early l900s, there were many who were not members of labor unions.A.A challenged the rights of B.B criticized the views of C.C interviewed the leaders of D.D changed the character of

(11)Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.A.A lived B.B died 中大网校

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C.C hunted D.D fed

(12)Over thirty cities around the world boast more than five million residents.A.A jobs B.B dwellings C.C blocks D.D inhabitants

(13)By 1900, many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian safety.A.A test B.B limit C.C standardize D.D prohibit

(14)High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.A.A inefficient B.B recognized C.C limiting D.D dangerous

(15)The host important result of the Lewis and Clark expedition was that it enabled the United States to claim the Oregon region.A.A regret B.B problem C.C outcome D.D controversy

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

(1)根据下列材料请回答 {TSE}题：SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality(死亡率).Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in(睡懒觉)can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for health and well-being, the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept 中大网校

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for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm.“Inpiduals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint, there is no reason to sleep longer，”said Daniel Kripke, a professor of psychiatry(精神病学)at the University of California, San Diego.Dr.Kripke said, “We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health.”The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept for eight or more hours.However, an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr.Kripke said, “Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short and long duration(持续时间)sleep had higher mortality rates.However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night, until now.”{TS}More than 1.1 million Americans participated in the six-year study.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(2)All the participants were from the state of California.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(3)The study shows that the longer you sleep each night, the longer you'll live.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(4)The findings indicate that it is all right to sleep for 6.5 hours a night.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(5)Most of the participants slept for 7 hours a night during the study.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

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(6)Sleeping for less than 5 hours each night is better than sleeping for 5 hours.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(7)The study was the first to tell the difference between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a night.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

(1)根据下列材料请回答 {TSE}题：

(2)Paragraph 3 ___________

(3)Paragraph 4 ___________ 中大网校

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(4)Paragraph 6 ___________

(5)Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _____________.(6)It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on ___________________.中大网校

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(7)Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on ___________________.(8)Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean up due to ___________________.第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

(1)根据下列文章,请回答 {TSE}题。Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going 中大网校

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faster.Travelling at speed has always been risky.One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in--car assistants.They can ensure you don't miss crucial road signs or fall asleep.The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment.Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” high-sided vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research.Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft.These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools.Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.{TS}What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? _________ A.A They are developing faster electric vehicle B.B They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every yea C.C They focus their research on safety and new fuel D.D They are designing fully automatic car

(2)According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________ A.A because drivers fall asleep B.B because drivers make mistakes C.C because of engine failure D.D because of speeding

(3)Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________ A.A Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fo B.B Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicle C.C Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyre D.D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their visio

(4)What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? _________ A.A To prevent car thieves from getting into your ca B.B To call for help when one's car crashe C.C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffi 中大网校

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D.D To track the car down when it is being stole

(5)What is true of robotic drivers? _________ A.A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical us B.B Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy road C.C Robotic drivers can never replace human driver D.D Robotic drives are too expensive to us

(6)根据下列文章,请回答 {TSE}题。How to ForgiveTo forgive may be pine, but no one ever said it was easy.When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge.But forgiveness is possible－and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,”says Frederic luskin, Ph.D., author of Forgive for Good(Harper Collins, 2002).“So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: Calm yourself.To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique.“Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” laskin says.Don't wait for an apology.“Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” luskin says.“They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender.Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.“Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” luskin says.Try to see things from the other person's perspective.If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear－even love.To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don't forget to forgive yourself.“ For people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” luskin says.“ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't.”{TS}According to the passage, which of the following statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________ A.A Forgiveness is eas B.B Forgiveness is possibl C.C Forgiveness can benefit your physical and mental healt D.D Forgiveness is grea

(7)The underlined word “grudge”(Para.1)most probably means“_________”.A.A understanding B.B forgiveness C.C anger 中大网校

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D.D jealousy

(8)“Take a couple of breaths and think of...someone you love” is a good way to _________.A.A take the control away from your offender B.B see things from the other person's perspective C.C recognize the benefits of forgiveness D.D calm yourself

(9)According to luskin, you should not wait for an apology.There are several reasons EXCEPT that _________.A.A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apologizing B.B forgiveness means reconciliation with the person who hurt you C.C the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you D.D people just don't see things the same way

(10)What is the biggest challenge? _________ A.A To have better appetite and better sleep when you are hurt by other B.B To stop replaying your hur C.C To remember to forgive yoursel D.D To write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of vie

(11)根据下列材料请回答{TSE}题：

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(12)Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________

(13)Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? _________

(14)Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________

(15)Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _________．

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第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

(1)根据下列文章,请回答{TSE}题。

(2)请选择（47）处最佳答案。

(3)请选择（48）处最佳答案。

(4)请选择（49）处最佳答案。

(5)请选择（50）处最佳答案。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Captain Cook Arrow legendIt was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has 51 ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British exploere Captain James Cook 52 died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.“There is 53 Cook in the Australian Museum,” museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its 54 , “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which 55 include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani'opu'u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain's great explorers and is credited with 56 the “Great South land,” 57 Australia, in 1770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook's arrow began in 1824 58 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a london surgeon and relative of Cook's wife, saying it was made of Cook's bone after the fatal 59 with islanders.In the l890s the arro was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued 60 it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook's bone but was more 6l made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cook's fans 62 to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook's body was 63 at sea in 1779.“On this occasion technology has won,” said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captan Cook Society, in a 64 from 中大网校

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Britain.“But I am 65 that one of these days...one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.”。{TS}回答第51空。A.A finally B.B firstly C.C lately D.D usually

(2)回答第52空。A.A whose B.B who C.C which D.D what

(3)回答第53空。A.A some B.B none C.C neither D.D no

(4)回答第54空。A.A cinema B.B exhibition C.C shop D.D market

(5)回答第55空。A.A must B.B did C.C has to D.D does

(6)回答第56空。A.A discovering B.B visiting C.C travelling D.D using

(7)回答第57空。

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A.A then B.B now C.C past D.D previously

(8)回答第58空。A.A how B.B where C.C when D.D that

(9)回答第59空。A.A conversation B.B fight C.C meal D.D dance

(10)回答第60空。A.A however B.B until C.C after D.D whenever

(11)回答第61空。A.A helpfully B.B usefully C.C likely D.D readily

(12)回答第62空。A.A refuse B.B return C.C regain D.D reply

(13)回答第63空。A.A collected B.B washed 中大网校

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C.C stored D.D buried

(14)回答第64空。A.A statement B.B suggestion C.C proposal D.D guess

(15)回答第65空。A.A safe B.B weak C.C sure D.D lucky

答案和解析

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。(1):A

(2):A

(3):D

(4):A

(5):D

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(6):B

(7):A

(8):D

(9):C

(10):D

(11):A

(12):D

(13):B

(14):C

(15):C

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。(1):A A从文章的第三段可以得知，有110多万美国人参与了这项历时六年的研究。(2):C C文章第四段只是提及该项研究的负责人之一是一位来自加州大学的精神病学教授，但并没有说研究对象都来自哪里。(3):B B从文章的第一句便可得知，一个人并非每晚睡眠时间越长就越长寿。(4):A A从文章的第四段可以得知，一个人平均每晚睡眠六个半小时就足够了。(5):C 中大网校

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C文章第六段只是提及研究发现，每晚睡眠七小时的男女寿命最长，但并没有说多数参与研究者在研究进行期间是否每晚睡七小时。(6):B B从文章第七段可以得知，每晚睡眠五小时者要比每晚睡眠八小时或更多小时者长寿，但每晚睡眠不足五小时者死亡率将随之升高。(7):A A从文章的最后一句可以得知，该项研究首次区分出每晚睡眠七小时与八小时之间的差别。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)(1):D 第一段点出主题，即某些金属进入人类食谱可能与地质有关。(2):A 第三段涉及的是自然污染的土壤一般情况下对人体不会造成危害。此段首句就提示了这一点：So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal—rich soils experience a potential health hazard．(3):B 第四段说，受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而重金属很稳定，不容易降解，因此，某些微量重金属被认为有可能与癌症有关，并引起中毒。(4):C 答案的依据是本段的第二句：Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body。(5):E 第一段最后一句：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases，是选择E的依据。(6):C 本题答案的依据是最后一段的第一句，即There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long—term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils．(7):B 全文都在论述重金属的摄入可能会对人体健康产生有害影响，最后一段说到地质学家在解决调查这个问题能起的作用。这个句子是：Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution．(8):F 第四段涉及这一问题。受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而重金属很稳定，不容易降解，所以，要对重金属进行彻底的清除。

第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1):C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5，000万伤残事故，因此，正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。所以，c是正确选项。(2):B 第二段最后一句说，大多数汽车撞车事故是人为原因造成的，而不是机械故障的原因。所以C是错误选项；A和D中的fa11 asleep和speeding是人为原因，但只是部分人为因素，不中大网校

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能概全。(3):D 文章中没有提到windscreens(汽车挡风玻璃)，所以D是正确选项。其他几项均在文中提到。(4):C 根据第六段内容，使用卫星跟踪和遥控通讯方面的革新，其目的是防盗(A和D)和发生事故时求援(B)。C的内容在文中没有被提到，所以是正确选项。(5):A 文章最后一段说，为机器人司机编制程序后，它们就能使交通变得通畅，也许今后某一天，大家都拥有机器人司机，但是，这一天的到来还有待时日。B、C、D的内容在文中均没有提到；A句说，要实际使用机器人司机还需时日，这显然与末段最后一句表达的意思相吻合。(6):A 根据文章的第一段，宽恕是伟大的，是可能的，是对身心有益的，但是不容易做到，所以只有A是正确答案。(7):C 这里要求猜测单词“grudge”的意义，根据上下文，作者强调宽恕是不容易做到的，要忘记怨恨也是不容易做到的，因此选项 C是正确答案。(8):D D其依据在第二段“Calm yourself．To defuse your anger，try a simple stress—management technique．‘Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，someone you love．’luskin says．”由此可见做几次深呼吸，想一想某个你所爱的人能使你平静下来。(9):B B其依据在第二段“Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily nlean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action．”即宽恕并不一定意味着要和伤害你的人妥协，或宽恕他(她)的行为。(10):C C本题询问的是最大的挑战是什么。根据第二段中“For people，forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge，”可见C为正确答案。(11):D 文中第二段第一句话讲到“„since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups．”，由此可以判断“ Hawaii’s native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一个少数民族。所以D为正确答案。(12):D 本题的相关信息为文章的第二段。“„since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups”说明夏威夷本土的少数民族的生活比岛上其他种族艰苦，所以D是正确答案。(13):B 本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第三段，与文章原文相比较可知，A、C、D三项均符合原意，只有B项文中未提及。所以B为正确答案。(14):C 在“This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(0HA)，a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement”这一句中，“moderate”的意思就是“less radical”，所以正确答案应中大网校

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当为C。(15):A A综合全文可知，有的要求“岛内自治”，有的要求“脱离美国而独立”，还有的要求“拥有领地”，因此B、C、D三项均符合原意，只有A项不是他们的要求。第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)(1):C C是承上启下的句子。上一句说的是，气球将Sterns带到同温层。下一句说的是，没有人尝试过不坐飞机或不坐宇宙飞船从同温层往下跳。有了C这个句子，意思就连贯了。(2):E 此处应该是个引导句，应该包含采取行动这类概括词，因为随后的句子是，第一步做什么，第二步做什么，等等。选项E是符合这个要求的。(3):D D表达的是跳出气球后下滑的速度，与前一句的意思是连贯的。(4):A 后面的句子列举了许多hazards。据此推论，此处的句子应该是引导句或概括句。选项A中有several major hazards这几个概括词，与后面列举的各种hazards相呼应。(5):F 选项F中，用了in short(简而言之)，是总结前面陈述的内容：blood boils说明此处前面句子的内容与blood有关。事实上，此处前面的句子说的是，在低大气压的情况下，溶在人体液体中的气体会逸出，就像碳酸水冒泡泡一样。选项F形象地总结了上述句子的内容。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。(1):A 第一段说DNA鉴定的结论终止了流传了二百年的有关箭是用Cook船长骨头制成的传说。根据这一层意思，选finally是合适的。其他三个选项的词义都对不上号。(2):B Cook之后的从句是定语从句，替代Cook的关系代词应该是who。whose也可替代Cook，但是whose是所有格，而定语从句中的关系代词用作主语，所以只能选who。(3):D 本段和其他有关段落都说到，澳大利亚博物馆没有用Cook船长骨头制成的箭，所以本题只能选no，不能选some。none之后不能直接跟名词。neither一般与nor成对连用。(4):C 博物馆中不会把珍藏的arrow陈列在shop，market或cinema，所以exhibition是答案。(5):D does用在动词前表示强调，does include的意思是“确实包括”。用did不妥，因为主句的谓语用的是一般将来时will not stop。has to或must也不妥，因为上下文的意思并没有要求用“必须”(must)或“不得不”(has to)。(6):A be credited with的意思是“把„„归功于”，再联系到前面两次提到Cook是伟大的explorer，选项A的discovering是最恰当的选择。visiting，travelling和using与be credited with所表达的意思都搭不上。(7):B 从上下文判断，Cook发现的是当时称为Great South land，现在称为Australia的那块大陆。now是答案。注意，下旬中桑伟奇群岛，现称夏威夷群岛，也用now。then(当时)、past(过中大网校

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去的)或previously(以前)意思与上下文表达的意思连接不上。(8):C 1824之后的定语从句是修饰表达时间概念1824的，所以连接词要用关系副词when。(9):B 第三段提到Cook是被乱棍打死的(He was clubbed to death„)，所以选择fight是很自然的。(10):B 第五段主要的意思是“有关„„的传说继续到„„为止”，所以合适的选择是until。(11):C 本段表明，DNA鉴定的结论是：这支箭不是用Cook的骨头制成的。接下去的意思是，这支箭很可能是用动物的骨头制成的。而more likely是“很可能”的意思。其他三个选项的词义与本句表达的意思不匹配。(12):A 从上下文判断，只有选refuse才符合原意。从语法上判断，refuse后面可接动词不定式。其他三个选项的词义与句子表达的意思不符。(13):D was buried at sea是“葬身海中”的意思。其他三个选项的词义与句子表达的意思不符。(14):A 本题从语义上只能选statement(声明)。其他三个选项，即suggestion(建议)、proposal(提议)与guess(猜测)表达的意思与语境不符。(15):C 本题要选sure，表示Cliff Thornton对sure后面的that从句表达的将要发生的事有信心。而safe，weak或lucky的词义与句子表达的意思不符。

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第三篇：2012年职称英语考试《综合类》押题试卷-中大网校

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2012年职称英语考试《综合类》押题试卷(2)总分：100分

及格：60分

考试时间：120分

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

(1)During the game，the morale of the athletes is extremely important.(2)Concrete is a durable，watertight，and incombustible material that is，moreover，inexpensive to make.(3)What a juicy morsel it is?

(4)Mounting evidence indicates that acid rain is damaging historic sites in Boston and Philadelphia.(5)The nocturnal habits and mournful cries of owls have made them objects of superstition for some people.(6)The English first attempted to settle in Maine at the mouth of the Kennebec River in 1607.