第一篇：2012年职称英语考试理工类A押题(考前内部资料)

2012职称英语理工A押题模拟试题

教材原题（1篇阅读理解和完形填空）

2012年职称英语教材的完形填空和阅读理解与2011年比有没有新增的课文(理工)阅读理解（6篇）

第六篇

Making Light of1 Sleep 第十九篇

Graphene's Superstrength1 *第三＋八篇

“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan *第四十篇

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四＋五篇

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 完形填空（6篇）

第三篇

Germs on Banknotes

第十篇

Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇

Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities *第十二篇

Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk +第十三篇

Solar Power without Solar Cells +第十五篇

“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage 注：

+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；

职称英语押题 押题模拟试题 2012 职称英语押题模拟试题第一部分：词汇选项(第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子 后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂 在答题卡相应的位置。

1.I could recognize the old car at a glance.A square B feature C flame D glimpse 2.Contact your doctor if the cough persists． A insists B C D perseveres continues resists 3.It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.A B C D omit explain invent shorten 4.They scattered after dinner． A separated B C D 5.A B C D fled departed spread The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm.held in held up held down held off 6.The story was touching． A inspiring B C D 7.boring moving frightening Many teachers don't like to use up-to-date textbooks in their classes.A odd B modern C D 8.B C D old interesting The telephone system is no longer operative.moving rotating working A running 9.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shaken B C D fallen damaged trembled 10 Jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes don't fit him any more.A put off B put down C D put onwww.xiexiebang.commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing． A fight B C D abolish remove control 14.I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel.A B documents possessions C D children clothes 15.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A describes B C D draws writes introduces 参考答案：1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 A 第二部分：阅读判断(第 16～22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该 句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡 上把 B 涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。Norwich Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years.It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions.The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter.This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England.It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as their are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich.With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre(Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London),the city now has a side choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres.There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow.The team is known as “The Canaries(金丝雀)”,though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called “The Castle Mall”.The people of Norwich lived with a very large hold in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park.Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees, but the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development.Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16 The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The football team is called “The Canaries” because of the colours the players wear.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 It took more than two years to build “The Castle Mall”.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 参考答案： 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 C 21 B 22 C 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 23～30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有项测试任：(1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2～ 5 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Health Education 1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior.A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution.This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished（营养）child, and the butcher（屠夫，卖肉的人）who gets a cut on his finger.By changing their behavior these inpiduals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services.One example of this is immunization（免疫）: scientists have made many vaccines（疫苗）to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery.The needs and interests of inpiduals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs.Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information.Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability（可获性）of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills.Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health.Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way.Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the inpidual.In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each inpidual to lead a healthy life.23 Paragraph 2_________.24Paragraph 3_________.25 Paragraph 4_________.26 Paragraph 5_________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting Factors B Importance of Immunization C Relationship with Other Health Services D Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy Behavior E Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior F Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health 27 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of _________.28 Immunization helps to _________.29 Health education cannot take the place of_________.30 Inpiduals should be provided with necessary conditions for _________.A many vaccines B prevent diseases C health education D healthy behavior E change unhealthy behavior F other health services 参考答案 23.C 24.F 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.F 30.D 第四部分：阅读理解(第 31～45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文 回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Small But Wise On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.“I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before,”said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however.WISE stands for“Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.”As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't.Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks that float through space 一 but they absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures.These objects are“failed” stars 一 which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.31.What is so special about WISE? A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.32.Which is NOT the synonym for the word “snap” in the third paragraph? A make.B shoot.C take D photograph.33.The camera on WISE A is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.34.Which of the following is NOT correct about“asteroids” according to paragraph 7? A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids 35.What is implied in the last paragraph? A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.参考答案： 31 C 32 A 33 C 34 A 35 B 第二篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators.The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.” “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and persity of other animal groups4.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web,” Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the persity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.” Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biopersity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness.However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem． Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.36.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers? A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predators.37.As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious food from the soil C collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.38.Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.39.What does paragraph 6 tell us? A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.40.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph? A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? B How do ants affect the animal persity in a given ecosystem? C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem? D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment? 参考答案：36 C 37 A 38 D 39 B 40 C 第三篇 U.S.Marks 175 Locomotive Years Built by the Mason machine Worlds in 1856, the 27,900-kilogram William Mason was an example of the archetypal 19th Century American locomotive, the oldest in operation in the United States.The locomotive was transferred last month from its open bay in B＆O's historic roundhouse to ready it for this summer's Fair of the Iron Horse, a celebration of 175 years of American railroading, in the city of Baltimore, Maryland.Tests will show whether the old gauges and boiler pressure points are up to federal standards to operate during the six-day festival.“This is sort of the world's fair of railroading,” said Courtney Wilson, executive director of the B＆O Railroad Museum.The festival will run from June 28 to July 3 and display what organizers say is the most impressive collection of locomotives in the Western Hemisphere.At the museum, an area will be set aside for model trains to keep toddlers interested.Children will learn about safety rules around train tracks.Adults will be able to track the development of railroad technology－from horse power to steam and diesel power to magnetic levitation, which can push trains at speeds upward of 390 kph.“We have locomotives coming from all over the country, and we believe even the Rocket is coming from England--the very first locomotive in the world－to participate in this fair,” Wilson said.The Rocket, the first successful steam locomotive in the world, won a competition in 1829 as the fastest locomotive—an event that helped spark worldwide railway interest.“it was probably the fastest machine on Earth in its time,” Wilson said.Rail companies in France, Canada, Germany and Spain have been invited to participate in this year's event.“This will probably be the last time in this century that these many locomotives will be assembled in one spot, and it'll be a once-in-a lifetime experience,” Wilson said.The B＆O Railroad was the host of a similar event in 1927 in nearby Hale Thorpe that attracted more than 1.25 million visitors over three weeks.The railroad held the event for its 100th anniversary.Museum officials hope the event gives people a better appreciation of trains.The museum's 22-sided roundhouse will be a focal point in the months leading up to the festival.Completed in 1884, the building rises 40.5 meters into a huge cupola and covers nearly a half hectare of ground.The roundhouse has been in continuous use since its construction.Inside is the most significant collection of railroad artifacts in the nation, including a replica built in 1926 of the Tom Thumb—the first American built locomotive(constructed in 1830)—and the St.Elizabeth—one of the last steam engines built in the United States(1950).The museum, which sits on about 16 hectares in west Baltimore, holds locomotives, freight and passenger cars and other rolling stock－including cars from the nation's first trains, which were pulled by horses.41 William Mason was the oldest locomotive in operation ________.A in the world B in America C in England D in the region of Baltimore 42 The oldest locomotive will be put to tests again to make sure ________.A its commercial operation is safe B it competes with the Rocket in good shape C its technical information to be presented to the Fair is accurate D it is up to the federal standards before operation 43 Which of the following statements is NOT a correct description of the Rocket? A It was the first successful steam locomotive in the world.B It is believed to be the fastest locomotive in its time.C It will be put on display in festival.D It sped up the development of railroading in America.44 How large is the museum's roundhouse? A One-tenth of the museum.B 16 hectares.C One-thirty-second of the museum.D Not mentioned.45 Which of the following best describes the collection of the artifacts in the museum? A Its collection is important and representative.B The collection is not rich enough.C The replica of the Tom Thumb is disappointing.D The St.Elizabeth, one of the last steam engines is not among the artifacts.参考答案：41 B 42 D 43 D 44 C 45 A 第五部分：补全短文(第 46～50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有 5 处空白，文章后面有 6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5 组文 字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject.46.He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage.Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking 47 The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”.If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable.48 Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on.49 But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer.We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay.Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks.One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.50.But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank.Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.第六部分：完型填空(第 51～65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)阅读下面的短文，文中有 15 处空白，每处空白给出了 4 个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4 个 选项中选择 1 个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil “liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its 51severity, a new analysis shows.“We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 52 of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,” Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 53.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.” Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 54 and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or 55.But most earthquakes are much 56 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 57 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,” he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 58 filled ground, are much more vulnerable.” The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 59 and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 60 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 61 ,” Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.” Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The “young” sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 62 within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 63 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 64 collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 65 helped prevent many buildings from collapse---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.下载本文档需要登录，并付出相应积分。如何获取积分?

2011年职称英语理工类A级考试试题

Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others(A级)(无换题现象)

Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of inpiduals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt.However, some inpiduals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes.“Supertasters, people who experience tastes more mtensely, consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted.“For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that inpiduals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.”Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,“ he said.”Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness.(476)

1.In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that在第二段中，约翰.海斯指出了___________________。

A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.吃无盐食物对身体有好处。

B.many people reject low-salt food completely..有些人完全反对含盐量低的食物。

C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly有很多人不情愿的去接受低盐度的食物。(正确答案)D.food with reduced salt tastes better..含盐量低的食物更好吃。

2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly 第四段简要的介绍了_________________。

A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.怎样选择被测试者以及研究中做了什么。(正确答案).B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.怎样定义超重口味的人和没口味的人。

C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.为什么把人的数量限制在87个。

D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.为什么挑选更多的男性。

3.The article argues that supertasters文章指出口味超重的人________________。

A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.喜欢用咸味阻挡食物里的甜味。

B.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.快餐食品是他们最主要的食品。(正确答案)

C.consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.吃更少的盐，因为它们不喜欢重口味。

D.like to share salty cheese with nontasters.喜欢和没口味的人分享咸奶酪。

4.Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste? 对于口味超重的人，下列哪项比较适用于苦味?

A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.他们喜欢食物中的苦和咸。

B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.他们喜欢很咸的奶酪，因为它有强烈的苦味。

C.They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter..他们更喜欢高盐度的而不是很苦的奶酪。(正确答案)

D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.他们更喜欢很咸的奶酪，因为它对身体更健康。

5.What message do the last two paragraphs carry'? 文章的最后两段所带有的信息是____。

A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.一般情况下，味觉的敏感度由基因决定。(正确答案)

B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.自从出生后，味觉的敏感度一直在提高。

C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.味觉的敏感度和一个人的眼睛和头发的颜色有关。

D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.味觉的敏感度在科学上仍然是一个谜。

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores(A级)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study __1__ at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analyses the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters _2___ right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical __3__ and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that _5___ a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.“This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to _10___ that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to _13___ maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more _15___ to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.1.A carried B was carried C carried out D carrying out

2.A made B make C taking D took

3.A fit B fitness C health D excises

4.A logical B critical C typical D positive

5.A holds B makes C plays D play

6.A capacity B disease C shape D treatment

7.A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory

8.A what B why C how D where

9.A exercise B training C strength D movement

10.A determine B tell C determining D improve

11.A moderate B average C lower D higher

12.A ignore B improve C like D determine

13.A be good in B study well C do good in D do well in 14.A before B after C without D during

15.A carefully B likely C secretly D happily

第二篇：2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷-中大网校

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2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷(3)总分：100分

及格：60分

考试时间：120分

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

(1)The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.(2)Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.(3)The park is a good place for strollers.(4)At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.(5)The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.(6)he Weddell seal of Antarctica can pe to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.中大网校

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(7)Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F.Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.(8)The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.(9)The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their experience.(10)Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.(11)Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.(12)In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by piding the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.中大网校

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(13)Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.(14)The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.(15)The children's story writer known as Dr.Seuss proved that the simplest stories for children could have characterization and suspense.第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

(1)根据下列材料请回答{TSE}题：Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc(集团)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated(给以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基础结构)；many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies;often under pressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, 中大网校

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notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.{TS}Japan has a long trading tradition.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(2)Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(3)All African countries followed the IMF formula.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(4)The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(5)Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(6)China did not take IMF advice.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned

(7)Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned 中大网校

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第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。

(2)Paragraph 3 ___________

(3)Paragraph 4 ___________

(4)Paragraph 5 ___________ 中大网校

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(5)Only through the shared language ___________.(6)The idea of the national boundaries in often different from ___________.(7)Speakers are classified into two groups ___________.中大网校

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(8)An understanding of English ___________.第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Hair DetectivesScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been.The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique.Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen.Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh.Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R.Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States.The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water.That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water.What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country.Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their 中大网校

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results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions.One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City.As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.{TS}What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct? ___________ A.A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different region B.B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United State C.C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxyge D.D Tap water is used to cook foo

(2)James R.Ehleringer tried to find out___________． A.A if our bodies break water down into its parts B.B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country C.C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen D.D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from

(3)Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? ___________ A.A Ehleringer was successful in his researc B.B Ehleringer failed in his researc C.C Ehleringer can be a successful detectiv D.D Ehleringer's research proved successful in Chin

(4)What does the last paragraph tell you? ___________ A.A The new technique can tell precisely where a person live B.B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same sourc C.C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the polic D.D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crime

(5)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? ___________ A.A Human hair may help detectives to solve crime B.B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crime C.C Detectives watch hairy criminals closel D.D Most detectives are hair specialist

(6)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。

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(7)The writer says that travel was important in the past because it __________.A.A was a way of spreading ideas B.B broke down political barriers C.C led to economic progress D.D made new ideas less schooling

(8)The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because _________.A.A there are so many people working in similar fields B.B there is a lot of social unrest at universities C.C their follow experts are scattered round the world D.D their laboratories are in remote places

(9)The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to __________.A.A spend less time travelling B.B cut down research costs C.C develop their ideas more quickly D.D keep up with current developments

(10)Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of __________.A.A friendships formed by scholars at meetings B.B articles in learned journals C.C the work of international agencies D.D programs initiated by governments

(11)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Geography and MovementTo understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky.Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth.Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere.As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation.This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth.Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars.The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an 中大网校

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independent motion in the sky.The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly.Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so.The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky.There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere.These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn.All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic.Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.{TS}The ancient people believed that ___________.A.A the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky B.B the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth C.C the patterns of stars on the sky would never change D.D the stars around the sky were not stationary

(12)Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? ___________ A.A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plan B.B The moon revolved along the eclipti C.C The moon moves faster than the su D.D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's tim

(13)It is stated in astrology that ___________.A.A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motion B.B the sun was moving westward around the sky C.C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week D.D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun

(14)All the other five planets ___________.A.A always appear near the path of the sun B.B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does C.C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth does D.D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does

(15)According to the passage which of the following is true? ___________ A.A A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sk B.B Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planet C.C Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the star D.D All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year aroun

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第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

(1)根据下列短文，补全{TSE}题。

(2)回答第47空。

(3)回答第48空。

(4)回答第49空。

(5)回答第50空。

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche.Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes；also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees； the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60；that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61，including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62，and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations；snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.文章大意：雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人民生命和财中大网校

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产安全的最大危险之一。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。{TS}回答第51空。A.A among B.B of C.C to D.D in

(2)回答第52空。A.A when B.B that C.C who D.D whose

(3)回答第53空。A.A mostly B.B likely C.C clearly D.D surely

(4)回答第54空。A.A are B.B will be C.C is D.D was

(5)回答第55空。A.A weight B.B form C.C risk D.D work

(6)回答第56空。A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather

(7)回答第57空。

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A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather

(8)回答第58空。A.A among B.B between C.C with D.D for

(9)回答第59空。A.A thick B.B thin C.C flat D.D rocky

(10)回答第60空。A.A use B.B time C.C snow D.D rain

(11)回答第61空。A.A journey B.B trip C.C fact D.D process

(12)回答第62空。A.A conditions B.B reports C.C forecast D.D event

(13)回答第63空。A.A increase B.B reduce 中大网校

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C.C improve D.D remove

(14)回答第64空。A.A price B.B effort C.C attention D.D money

(15)回答第65空。A.A missing B.B grown C.C big D.D fresh

答案和解析

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。(1):B

(2):A

(3):B

(4):B

(5):D 中大网校

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(6):A

(7):C

(8):A

(9):D

(10):D

(11):C

(12):A

(13):B

(14):C

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(15):D

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。(1):A 这道题的依据是第一段中的一句话：East Asia has a long trading tradition．日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。(2):A 本题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到，文章说有些国家常常是在有压力的情况下采取了国际货币基金组织(IMF)误导的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。(3):B 在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去发展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswans和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。(4):B 第一段里有一句话：The Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years．70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。(5):C 文中没有提到澳大利亚。(6):A 本题的依据是文章最后一段的第一句话：„，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula．即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。(7):C 在第二段的末尾讲到前苏联搞私有化的事，但没有说有高官在私有化过程中受益。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)(1):F 此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看作是语言群体的定义。(2):D 此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用composition“构成”一词。(3):A 此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。(4):C 此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。(5):B 答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语部分要求使用倒装句。(6):A 第二段第四句话表明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the＋有关前述名词，以避免重复。(7):D 第三段第二句表明为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。for the sake of指“出于„„的考虑”。(8):E 中大网校

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第四段最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。

第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1):B 第三段和第六段谈到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的，因为文章第六段说，我们饮用的牛奶和饮料都含有大量水分，而没有说tap water是软饮料。(2):C 第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique pro-portions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正确答案。(3):A 第六段和第七段提供了答案。科学家发现头发能反映出当地自来水中氢、氧同位素的含量；科学家也已经研究出不同地区水成分是不同的，并且在此基础上来确定来自不同地区的人的头发成分。(4):C 选项A、B、D与原文均有出入。尽管在一个较大的范围内，人们使用成分较为相同的水，但是水的成分组成提供的信息可以帮助官方缩小破案线索范围。(5):A 题目的意思是：人的头发可以帮助侦探破案。(6):D 根据文章第一段的最后一句话可以判断学生们出国是因为寻找更能让人受到鼓舞的老师，更有名的学府，更纯粹的哲学等。由此可见选项D最符合题意。(7):A 根据文中第三段的最后一句话“„and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge”可以看得出为了更快地传播知识是他们旅游的主要目的。所以A应为正确答案。(8):A 本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第五段。根据题意可以得知学科的繁殖导致了大量科学家的诞生，他们如果不相互交流就不得不孤立地工作。由此可判断A为最佳选择。(9):C 根据文中最后一句话“This trend has led to a great deal of academic contac between disciplines，and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of special knowledge，„”可以推断C为最佳答案。(10):A 文章倒数第二段最后一句话说“From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation，and provide with their most satisfactory stimulus”，这里的“personal relationships”指的就是“friendship”。由此可见A应为正确答案。(11):C 根据第一段最后两句话，我们可以看出古人认为是地球的转动带动了群星的转动，而群星事实上在天空中保持不变的模式，是恒定的。所以，正确答案应为C。(12):D 根据第三段的第二句和第三句话，文中说月亮的位置变化相对而言比较快，尽管看起来每天起起落落，事实上它的运动间歇为一个小时。由此可以肯定D为正确答案。(13):D 中大网校

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根据第二段第一句话，太阳沿黄道的运动反映了地球的旋转规律，由此可见太阳的旋转与地球的旋转是相似的。所以正确答案应为D。(14):A 文章最后一句话提到“Because we see the planets from the moving earth，however，they behave in a complicated way，„”，说明行星运行的更为复杂。所以A应为正确答案。(15):B 根据文章的最后一句话，“„their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well”可以得出结论那五颗行星的运动也反映了地球的运动。在四个选项