第一篇：2013考研英语大作文十大总结

2013考研政治 密切关注十八大

2013年考研政治新大纲的变化主要有三个方面：增加了什么，减少了什么以及调整了什么。

首先，各位2013年考研的学子，都不必担心新大纲对政治考试的影响。政治大纲的变化都是一些细节知识点的调整，且万变不离其宗。考研政治的复习需要好的教研，好的教材和好的方法。在之后的三阶与四阶复习中，要坚持持之以恒的复习，不断调整、不断积累。

在大纲发布到1月5日初试的这不到4个月的时间内，各位考生在全面复习的过程中要密切关注十八大会议精神和领导人重要讲话。人事调动是肯定不会考的，但是一定要注意到重要的新提法，11年的七一讲话总结了改革开放以来取得一切成就的经验，有三大内容：坚持和拓展中国特色社会主义道路，坚持和丰富中国特色社会理论体系，还要知道一个内容叫做坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度，这是之前没有写入考试大纲的。2013乃至之后几年内的考研政治中，与党中央十八大的新精神新思想相关的考点一定是重要考点。对此，各位考研学子也不用担心，一般辅导班会对十八大精神以及相关考点进行深度解析，让大家做到心中有数。

此外，考生要关注当年的社会热点。中宣部有一本书，叫《从怎么看到怎么办》，里面分专题对当年的社会热点进行了解读；要重视周年纪念日，《半月谈》有一个栏目，叫做历史上的今天。这些都是大家可以也应该复习到的考点。

2013年的形势与政策及当代政治与经济共有15个知识点，重点的重点有两个：一个是走和平发展道路，一个是和谐世界；至于形势和政策，12年考试考查的时间范围是从1月考到12月，实际上是考胡锦涛的讲话，考党中央的文件，这门课的重点考胡锦涛的讲话，考党中央的文件；但是2013年新增的“西方干涉主义的新特点”也要加以重视，有可能成为命制最后一道分析题的考点。

第二篇：2015年考研英语大作文十大

2013年考研英语大作文十大模板

1.图画作文

It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题)，which is ______________(进一步的说明)。He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节)。In my opinion，___________(个人阐述)。

This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race)。Therefore，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在)。One the one hand，we must _________________(建议一)。It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明)。On the other hand，________________(建议二)Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。

2.图表作文

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题)。The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点)。This means that as __________，_________________(进一步说明)。

We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一)。After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)，the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二)。(数据位置，如In the second column)，we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)。

Judging from these figures，we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论)。The reason for this，as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因)。/ It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)

3.利弊型作文

Recently the issue of whether or not______(讨论话题)has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.There are two major arguments that can be made for_________.For one thing，__________can bring ____ to_____________(优点一)。For another，it is widely hold that people usually ____when ________________________________(优点二)。

But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to__________，among which are ____________(列举缺点)。For instance，it can be __________to _____________(举例说明)。In addition，many people find it ________(形容词)to _______________(第二个缺点)

When asked to __________，I tend to ____________.This is because I _______________(原因一)。Furthermore，_______________________(原因二)。Finally，______________(原因三)。

4.展望未来型

The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.First，__________________(影响一)。More importantly，________________(影响二)。Hence，I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Nevertheless，I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望)

There are numerous reasons why ____，and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here.The first is that the more(比较级)_____，the more(比较级)。In addition，we all aGREe that________________________(第二个原因)

5.告示

You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese-Speaking Contest

January 19，2008

To improve students‘ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities，the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese-speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week(26 January)at the Students‘ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week.Five professors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.the Students‘ Union

Department of Chinese Language and Literature

6.职业道德

the cartoons vividly depict people in expanding numbers are engaged in open and rampant cheating in business.In the first drawing，a boy has no courage to have dinner in front of delicious foods in that there may exist pesticide pollution or poisonous elements in the foods.In the second picture，the administrative office，salesmen，breeding families and forage shops are laughing at the hanging of a poisonous duck.Professional dishonesty has a very damaging effect.In the first place，since cheating in business reveals the moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness of those businessmen who engage in it，the dishonest practice will ultimately exerts a perverse influence on the whole society.In the second place，it not only puts honest businessmen at a competitive disadvantage，encouraging those who did not cheat to adopt similar practices later，but undermines the very foundation of

professional ethics in business.It is often painful to impose sanctions in a specific case.But it is worthwhile.For one thing，to eliminate professional dishonesty thoroughly，serious forms of punishment for a willful offense—a suspension of the offender from business—should be applied.For another，since the incentives to engage in cheating in business are mainly due to a lack of adequate precautions，drastic actions should be taken to prevent one form of cheating or another.7.投诉信

Directions： You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting and has parties in the room.Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term.You would prefer a single room.Explain your reasons.Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation.I would prefer to move into a single room next semester，as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate‘s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing，his friends are constantly visiting him;for another，he regularly holds noisy parties.To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut，I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned.I am sure you will aGREe that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own.Therefore，I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me，preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

8.网络问题

In recent years，people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet.As is vividly depicted in the picture，it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line，either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work‘s needs.Actually on-line visiting has become a routine activity in our everyday life.However，it seems rather ironic to use a chain instead of normal wire to connect with the mouse in this picture.The exaggerative and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet.Discussion on the duality has become very popular in newspapers or in people‘s chats.On the one hand，no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most

useful media in our daily life.People from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication.But on the other hand，a GREat many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle.Cyber-living resembles the experience of looking constantly into a kaleidoscope which displays both colored patterns and illusions.Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in their life and work.Accordingly，it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence.For one thing，college students in expanding numbers get on line every day to learn the news，to study English by registering for web courses，to exchange information through e-mails with their net friends and to download their favorite music，FLASH，film and pictures.Being veteran on-line shoppers，they frequently purchase books，CDs at much lower prices.For another，once indulged in the fictitious world，people can barely concentrate on real life.Consequently，many students just chat on line or play computer games immoderately everyday，skipping many essential classes.After all，Internet is invented to enrich our life，to connect you and me，and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.9.环境问题

the pictures symbolically illustrate pollution is becoming increasingly serious around the globe.In the first cartoon，a man is scorching the earth on a chimney.In the second one，a famous ancient Chinese poet，Wang Bo is astonished by the heavy smoke poured by chimneys into the air and dirty river polluted by a factory.We are informed that “the autumn river is the same color with the sky”。

the drawer is sending a message about the significance of the need for everyone to fight against the danger of environmental pollution.There is no denying that the industry is indications of civilization，proGREss and development.Unfortunately，as industry develops，so will the number of factories，and the amount of industry pollutants.We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice our blue sky and pure water in order to obtain a little material gain.As a consequence，it is imperative for us to take drastic actions.On the one hand，the factories should be equipped with devices which can dispose of waste gas and water so as to prevent them from polluting our planet.On the other hand，there should be an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm actions against poisonous gas sent off and unhealthy water polluted by factories.10.提纲式议论文

Directions：

A.Title： Air Travel

B.Time limit： 40 minutes

C.Word limit： about 200 words

D.Your essay should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.E.Your essay should be based on the information given below.现在许多人愿意乘飞机旅行。随着我国民航事业的迅速发展，全国各大城市兴建了许多现代化的机场。乘飞机旅行有许多长处(方便、快捷、省时、舒适等);但是，空中旅行也有许多不足之处(机票价格贵，有的旅客不适应空中旅行，常常感到身体不适，甚至有人还担心发生空难)。请你简单阐述上述两个方面。最后请你说明你的看法。

(Composition for reference only)

Many people prefer to travel by air.This is because air travel has some advantages.In the first place，airplane，the miracle created by man，is the fastest means of transport.It takes the least time for one to travel by air from one place to another.Secondly，traveling by air is convenient and comfortable.Friendly air hostesses are affectionate and considerate.They look after passengers all the way to their destinations.Moreover，on long distance flights there are films and music for people to entertain themselves.As a popular saying goes，“Everything has two sides.” The same is true of air travel.It has some disadvantages，too.For one thing，air travel costs a GREat deal.The average Chinese are not rich enough to afford expensive air fares.So they prefer to take trains，which save a lot of money.For another，although passengers are assured of their safety，they are still worried about it during the journey because flying always involves more or less risk.As far I am concerned，the advantage mentioned above exceed the disadvantages.If I were given choice between traveling by train，I would certainly prefer the former.For me，time is money and it is the most important thing I have to take into consideration whatever I do.(216 words)

第三篇：考研英语写作技巧大总结

考研英语写作技巧大总结

一、文章的格式

1、四边留白：卷面的四边一定要留出适当的空白。这样的文章才能整齐、美观，给人以清晰、明快的感觉。（英语作文是有卷面分的，大家要注意写作的美观性）

2、空格：文章的每段的首行一定要有统一的空格（一般是空四个字节）

二、词汇使用

大家在作文写作的过程中，经常忽出现词汇方面的写作错误。写作160篇 就总结了许多的类似问题，这对于写作的复习很有好处。另外这本书的预测范文特别棒，很值得背诵。

1.不可数名词没有复数形式，通常用much/little/some/a little等修饰；一般谓语动词用单数。还有一些名词，虽然以s结尾，但并不代表其为复数形式，如economics,linguistics,news等。

2.一般的副词修饰形容词时应置于被修饰词之前，譬如physically weak；程度副词在修饰副词时也置于被修饰词前面，例如：I push the door very hard.三、大小写

在考研文章的评改过程中，有关大小写方面的错误层出不穷，这是大家的一个弱点。一般来说，大写规则有以下几条：

1、题目的大小写（除冠词、连词和介词外，其他词原则上都应该第一个字母大写）。HumanNeeds and Wants

2、每句话的第一个字母和直接引语的第一个字母要大写。Hesaid, “He is going to Shanghai next week”.3、专有名词（人名，地名）和缩写字母要大写。

4、头衔在专有名词前要大写，在专有名词后则小写。CaptionSmith——Smith, the captain

四、标点符号错误及分析 考生在写文章时，一定要注意正确使用标点符号，切忌从头到尾只用逗号的现象。一定要熟练掌握常用标点符号的基本用法，尤其要正确使用逗号和分号。

五、时态问题

1.描述图画用进行时：doing Asis shown in the picture, there is sb doing sth, suggesting sth/with sb doingsth.2.描述图表用过去时：完成时

Asis illustrated by the chart, there was an obvious increase/a dramatic decreasein the number of sth from 1998 to 2008.Thenumber of sth has been increasing„ 3.预测趋势用一般将来时：will Thesituation will develop for the/a better/worse direction.六、另外三段式作文注意事项有

1、作文卷面要保持整洁，不要连笔，不要涂改。这是获取印象分的重点!很多考生由于在考场过于紧张导致作文的单词老是写错，这是致命伤啊。平常要多练字!

2、全文的第一句和各段的第一句必须是文章的中心句，最好能用复杂句表达。这是因为阅卷老师一般没有那么多的时间去看作文，所以只能大概浏览下各段的首句，这是获得高分的关键!历届学长学姐大力推荐的考研英语一辅导书 1.《非常词汇》

适合人群：英语一和英语二通用

推荐理由:800个句子浓缩所有大纲单词，通过句子记单词，让你不再由A背到Z，背单词不再那么枯燥，记忆量大大变小了。赠送的4大赠本中，不仅包括考研英语必考词和基础词，还有四大赠本《高考词+四级词+六级词+考研词》、《基础词+必考词+偶考词+超纲词》，《750个考研高频短语》另外还有《300组词汇辨析》。重点分明，可以根据的自己的情况和时间进行选择去用 2.闪过英语考研《必考词汇应用全书》 适合人群：备考时间不足的人 推荐理由：闪过作为英语教辅第二品牌，为什么说闪过英语适合备考时间不足的人，因为闪过英语辅导 书都有“薄、准、精、快”的特点，让你在短期内闪过英语考试。

大家都知道必考词=考研英语70分，可见必考词是多的么重要，但是必考词的应用比记忆重要的多。这 本书不仅浓缩了1800个必考词，还给出了必考词常考的几大短语！这些短语帮你在 短期内搞定必考词在考试中的应用。

二、阅读：

1.《阅读基础90篇》

适合人群：英语基础薄弱的人

推荐理由 :通过90篇真题阅读的逐词逐句精解，夯实词汇和语法，在短期内恶补基础！

赠送书中还有8大考点的满分技巧帮助考生系统复习，再用赠送的36篇标准难度真题实战演练，检测成 果，适合复习前期恶补基础。2.闪过英语考研《长难句闪过》 适合人群：备考时间不充足的人

推荐理由 :《长难句闪过》被称作“长难句破解神器”，这本书不仅仅是向我们展示语法分析的结果，而 教你通过“找主干，理清修饰词，看标点”三个步骤教你轻松简单的破解长难句，让你一看就懂，一做 就会，快速搞定长难句！如果长难句是你的障碍，那么这本书无疑是你最好的选择。1.《考研真相》

适合人群：英语基础薄弱的人 推荐理由：逐词逐句逐题精解真题，把真题文章每句的难点词汇和语法掰开了揉碎了一句一句去讲，不用查字典，更不用查语法书，学长学姐们都大力推荐！这本书有两个版本，一个是基础加强版（98-07年真题）——适合第一阶段打基础、一个是高分突破版（08-17年真题）——适合第二阶段复习，适合基础薄弱的考研 党，适合自己的就是最好的！2.《考研英语一历年真题汇编王》 适合人群：考前想要刷题的人

推荐理由：这本书汇编了历年的38套真题，适合在考前或者复习前期刷题用，这本书最大的特点就在于 题量大，还便宜。

四、写作

《写作160篇》——英语一写作专用书 适合人群：英语基础薄弱专用

推荐理由：这本书全面涵盖可考的话题，连续11次命中作文原题！话题重点突出（真题作文40篇+预测作文30篇+熟悉浏览90篇）；教你搞定基础，通过词-句-段-篇层层推进，一步步教会你写作文！利用真题作文“三步作文法”（模板范文+思路创新+语言创新）教你写出好作文！这本书是大部分往届生都推荐的！

第四篇：2013年考研英语作文预测大总结

2010年考研英语大作文预测汇总

世界经济一体化？

谁在主导世界经济

谁来拯救地球？

如何看待全球化的利与弊？

注：作文描述见下一页 Globalization and Internet

The drawing vividly unfolds............(Describe the picture描述图画)

This phenomenon which this picture points out is one of numerous international phenomena to have become common and already attracted broad attention in the world in recent years.Globalization/Internet, in brief, makes the whole world a small village.Globalization/Internet offers extensive opportunities for every country in the world to develop their economy, improve their regime, enrich their culture, update their technology and so forth, but globalization/Internet is a two-edged sword: it can bring both benefit and harm.(Present state/situation现象描述+ /Meaning含义)

中文：这幅图画指出的这个现象是近几年在世界上众多已经变得普遍并且已经引起了广泛关注的国际/世界现象之一。全球化/Internet，简言之，就是使整个世界变成一个小村子。全球化/Internet给予了这个世界上的每一个国家广泛的机会去发展它们的经济、改善它们的政体、丰富它们的文化、更新它们的技术等等，但全球化/Internet是一把两刃剑：既有利的一面，也有害的一面。

We must first understand the nature of the problem.On the one hand, globalization/Internet offers extensive opportunities for every country in the world.On the other hand, One of the most controversial aspects of globalization/Internet is the global spread and dominance of American culture.中文：我们必须先要理解这个问题的本质。一方面，全球化/Internet为这个世界上的每一个国家提供了广阔的机会。另一方面，全球化/Internet最具有争议的其中一个方面是认为全球化就是美国文化的全球扩张和一统天下。

I have some suggestions about dealing with this problem.First and foremost, Globalization/Internet can bring benefit.In the past twenty years, in the process of globalization and explosive development of the Internet, China has brought about rapid economic growth, sustained social progress and continuous betterment of people's living standard, so we should accept.Secondly, it can also bring harm.China has been experiencing the collapse of own traditional virtue in the process.In summary, I am deeply convinced that she, a nation which has civilization for 5,000 years, never loses any good things, physical, intellectual, or moral, till she finds a better substitute, and then the loss is a gain.(Suggestion+conclusion建议+结束语)

中文：关于处理这个问题，我有一些建议。首要地，全球化/Internet能带来利益。在过去二十年，在全球化和Internet爆炸性的发展的过程中，中国已经产生了快速的经济增长、持续的社会进步和人们生活水平的不断改善，因此我们是应该接受的。其次，它也能带来伤害，在全球化和Internet爆炸性的发展的过程中，中国一直在经历着自己传统美德的瓦解。

总之，我深信她，一个拥有5000年文明的民族，决不会丢掉任何好的东西，物质的、精神的或道德的，直到她找到一个更好的替代，那么到那时侯这种丢失就是一种获得。

气候变暖(climate change):Recent decades we have witnessed an obvious rise in the global average temperature, which receives serious concerns across the world.Climate was a global issue and urged all countries to work together to address the issue.We should pursue economic growth, social development and environmental protection in a coordinated and balanced way, and develop models of production and consumption compatible with sustainable development.The relevant international community should increase financial input and information sharing and step up cooperation in research, development and innovation of technology.Adaptation to climate change is of the greatest concerns to developing countries.Developing countries should take some policy measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.As a developing country, China will shoulder its due international responsibilities and obligations.The Chinese government should give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in its strategy of industrialization and modernization.Wen also called on other countries to join hands in dealing with climate change and promoting harmonious, clean and sustainable development in the world

Hackers' criminal activities are an international problem and China's network and information system have often been attacked by hackers from other countries.欢迎进入：2010考研课程免费试听

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注：作文描述见下一页

精神空虚(the void spirit/ A lot of people who commit suicide are result from their void spirit.there is a spiritual void in China.Establish and implement the scientific view of development and push forward the coordinated development between

socialist material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization.)

传统美德(traditional virtue/ For decades, we have made more criticism than inheritance of our own traditional culture and more negative than confirmative.We should certainly learn from the West, but it is of equal importance that we retain virtues of our own.The Confucian Tradition(The Three Essential Confucian Values: I.Filial Piety II.Humaneness III.Respect for Ritual)

铺张浪费(extravagance and waste/勤俭节约industry and economy/ The Chinese government, therefore, is promoting the concept of a thrifty society and frugal economy as a matter of urgency.Chinese laws and regulations concerning energy conservation currently in operation leave a lot to be desired.)

传统伦理(The traditional ethical requirements /

The traditional ethical requirements same with the basic principles:

1.WHAT YOU DO NOT WISH DONE TO YOURSELF, DO NOT DO TO OTHERS.1)In its negative form:

“Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire”.“Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.”(己所不欲，勿施于人).2)Although it is argued to be too much pushing one's own way to others, the positive form of the requirement is found in many classics:

“Do to others what you wish others do to you”(欲人施诸己，亦施于人).“A benevolent man helps others to take their stand in that he himself wishes to take his stand, and gets others there in that he himself wishes to get there”(己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人).2.EVERY HUMAN BEING SHOULD BE TREATED HUMANLY.“To do humanly is to be human”(仁者人也)

“'Benevolence' means loving your fellow men”(仁者爱人)

Chinese tradition even advocates both the respect for human life and even the respect for all kinds of life, which seems to be very close to the idea of “Green Peace” and ecological criticism.These thoughts do not only seek for human peace but also for the harmony between human and nature and other creatures.And therefore, “the virtue of respecting for life”(生生之德)and “friend others and affiliate with all creatures”(民胞物与)is always taken as the great virtue in Confucian teachings and philosophy.There are many other traditional Chinese ideas related:

1.In regard with the human relationship, “Harmony in persity” or “harmony with persity”(和而不同)is typically emphasized in Confucianism.Compared with “Baha'i”, a new religious community who takes “Unity with persity” as the main doctrine, the Confucian spirit of the harmonious co-existence of different cultures might be more relevant for the foundation of human existence and development.2.Confucius believes “honesty-sincerity is the Dao of Heaven”(诚者，天之道也)which is out of the control of human beings, and “to be honest and sincere is the Dao of human beings” which is the only thing we could do(诚之者，人之道也).In this case, a gentleman(君子)should “cultivate himself to be honest and sincere” in accordance with the Dao of Heaven, which is something upper or a more or less religious standard of honesty and sincerity.This might be clearer in the interpretation of Dao.In Chinese, I think either道(way)or 德(virtue)means “to walk your talk” originally, because both走 and 彳are symbols of walking carefully with small steps.In this case, “way” is formed in the walking and in virtue of moral practice “virtue” appears.Just as David Tracy noticed, the famous saying of Socrates “The unexamined life is not worth living” is in sharp contrast with a saying in a Buddhist scripture, “The un-lived life is not worth examining.”

3.So Dao is not only metaphysical but also physical;“honesty-sincerity” is above us and what we could do is nothing but learning to be honest and sincere;Dao could be justified in faith, as well as in behavior.I am not sure if it is “religion”, but it is of course something like “Acts of Religion”(in terms of Derrida)or “Acts of Faith”(in terms of Rodney Stark).You may know that the sacred “Word” or “Wisdom” in the Gospel of John and other biblical scriptures is translated into “Dao” in this sense.4.For the same reason, traditional Chinese ethics ask for our “Consideration for others”(恕)and a spirit of tolerance: “great virtues have a huge capacity to contain things”(厚德载物), and “to tolerate is a sign of greatness”(有容乃大).5.And probably related to the consideration for others, traditional Chinese ethics place a great emphasis on family, viewing family as the foundation of society.Among the “five cardinal relationships”(emperor and his officials, fathers and kids, husbands and their wives, brothers and sisters, and friends), three of them are concerned with family relationship.It is even believed that “The relation between the officials and the emperor may find origin or archetype in the relation between husbands and wives, which even extends to the relation of heaven and the earth.”(君子之道，造端乎夫妇。及其至也，察乎天地).6.And so, in Chinese traditional philosophy, “humanity is Benevolence”(博爱之谓仁), “filial piety” is the origin of human morality and sentiment(立爱自亲始).And, it is encouraged that “love your family so as to love others and all creatures”(亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物), “cultivate moral character, and then you could cultivate your family, administrate the country, and bring peace all over the world”(修身、齐家、治国、平天下).When it is promoted to the realm that “honor the aged of other people as we honor our own, take care of the young of other people as we take care of our own”(老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼), we may naturally relate the traditional Chinese teachings with the famous prayer by St.Francis in the Medieval Europe: to be understood as to understand, to be loved as to love;it is in giving that we receive, it is in pardoning that we are pardoned, it is in dying that we are born to eternal life.Give your comments/Give your point of view(完全背诵)：

We must first understand the nature of the problem./in my view/in my opinion, On the one hand, It is true that many of China's current/present/existent/contemporary problems are the inevitable side effects of rapid economic development, which, of necessity, had to occur in an unbalanced way.On the other hand, without the economic development in/about the great number of developing countries or third world countries, like china, there will be no real development, prosperity and

Stability for the whole country.Notwithstanding/nonetheless/nevertheless/however/after all, in the long run，Economic development had to come first, but now a more complex agenda of social and political requirements must be integrated and optimized with pure economic growth.So we must promote the coordinated development of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization to build China into a socialist country that is prosperous, powerful, democratic and culturally advanced.(Comments评论)

中文：我们必须先要理解这个问题的本质。以我来看，一方面，目前中国存在的许多问题 都是由于别无选择的不平衡的经济快速发展造成的避免不了的负面影响。另一方面，对于大多数像中国这样的发展中国家或第三世界国家来讲，没有了经济的发展，将不存在整个国家的真正的发展、繁荣和稳定。不过，从长远来看，尽管，我们不得不先发展经济，但是如今过多的社会和政治需要必须同纯粹的经济增长结合起来使其最优化。因此，我们必须推动物质文明、政治文明和精神文明协调发展，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。

I have some/several suggestions about this problem.First and foremost/firstly/primarily/mainly/largely /mostly, China should learn from many developed countries/some western countries to dispose of/deal with/handle/solve/settle/iron out this social problem, including other social problems moral and non-moral, by means of/by/ state legislation, social policy and other relative regulations, especially/particularly because/since China has joined/become a member of the World Trade Organization(WTO)in 2001 and taken place/held the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 as well as.Secondly, our government should clearly/definitely stipulate/establish the responsibilities and obligations of the relative/specific departments for the fulfillment/performance/implementation/execution.Thirdly, in the long run/from a long-term point of view, we should set up/found/constitute/institute a special education system/organization to promote and strengthen/encourage citizens' awareness of environmental protection, and hence improve their values/ideas/notions of consumption and morality.In addition, I recommend that children should start some education of Chinese traditional virtue as early as possible, such as thrift, honesty, affection, filial piety, courtesy, loyalty, humaneness and so on.(Suggestion/建议)

中文：关于这个问题，我有一些建议。首要地，中国应该向众多发达国家学习，通过国家立法、社会政策和其他相关的规章制度来解决这个社会问题，也包括其他的道德的和非道德的社会问题，特别是因为中国已经在2001年加入了WTO，并且中国将在2008年举办第29界奥运会。其次，更重要的是我们的政府应该清晰地规定相关部门应履行的责任和义务。第三，从长远来看，我们应该设立一个专门的机构去宣传和加强公民对环境保护的意识，从而改变他们的观念。另外，我建议应该尽早地开始对孩子们进行中国传统美德的教育，诸如节俭、诚实、亲情、孝顺、谦恭有礼、忠诚、仁爱等等。

In summary, to maintain a sustained, healthy, rapid and coordinated economic development, achieve socialist modernization and a society where man and nature live as friends, and build a harmonious and dynamic society with democracy, rule of law, justice, honesty and decency, stability and order, we will encounter no fewer difficulties and problems, but we are confident in our ability to overcome them and arrive at our set goal triumphantly.(Predicting预测+conclusion结束语)

中文：总的来讲，为了维持一个可持续的、健康的、快速的和协调的经济发展，为了达到社会主义现代化和人和自然像朋友一样共生的社会，并且为了建造一个和谐的、有活力的、民主的、法治的、公正的、诚实庄重的、稳固有序的社会，我们肯定会遇到很多困难和问题。但是，我相信我们有能力克服它们，最终会胜利地达到我们的目标。

In summary, China still has a long way to go in this problem and accordingly, great efforts are essential to make in order to solve it.But I am deeply convinced that she, a nation which has civilization for 5,000 years, never loses any good things, physical, intellectual, or moral, till she finds a better substitute, and then the loss is a gain.(Predicting预测+conclusion结束语)

总之，中国在这个问题上仍然有一段长路要走，因此为了解决它，我们必须要做出巨大的努力。但是，我深信她，一个拥有5000年文明的民族，决不会丢掉任何好的东西，物质的、精神的或道德的，直到她找到一个更好的替代，那么到那时侯这种丢失就是一种获得。

“青少年与网络”英语写作背诵文本

青少年沉迷于网络游戏的比例越来越大

谁来救救我的宝贝儿子？

注：作文描述见下一页

互联网(Internet Age/ Computers and the Internet have changed our life enormously.There is no doubt about that.There are many advantages of the Internet that show you the importance of this new medium.What I want to say is that the Internet changed our life in a positive way.For many women, their own children are the main reason for staying at home.Now that they can do work on their computers at home, called teleworking, stay at home moms can still contribute to the finances of their families.Also, men can take this opportunity to work at home.What are the consequences, the advantages of teleworking? Sure, if you have a family, you can spend more time at home, probably you can spend more time with your children.Next is, that you can organize every day in the way you want to.Meetings at the company are reduced to a minimum.Teleworking is also an advantage for the owner of the company.Official studies substantiate that people who work at home are more motivated than their colleagues at the office.Especially in the business sector, knowledge is power.If you are the leader of a product, of a technology or just of an idea, you are able to make a lot of money.To get into this position, computers and Internet can play an essential part.Companies all over the world are online.If you want, it is no problem for you to exchange experiences...you will hear new things, you will see some facts from another point of view.For this reason you will find new solutions, new ways to go, so take this chance!

The Internet is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward-looking media and surely “the” medium of the future.The first thing we have to do is make a differentiation concerning the usage of the terms computer and Internet.You can use the Internet at home for personal use or you can use it at work for professional usage.Let's talk about the first.Spending part of our day on the

Internet is for many people quite normal.They use this kind of medium to get information about all kinds topics.Maybe some of them are interested in chatting, probably they are members of a community.Whatever you are looking for, you will find it.Even if you want to find very specific information, you will find it in a short time.Normally, you often have to send a letter, then you often have to wait for the reply, or you have to make some telephone calls and so on.In any case, the traditional way is the longer one.To put your own information on the Internet is also possible.Create your own homepage, tell other users about your interests, what you want, that's no problem at all.Most of us know software can cost a lot, if you buy it legally.Free software, free music is available on the Internet.You just have to download the program, the mp3-file or whatever and that's all there is to it.Why would you want to pay more than you need to?

Special websites are created just to give you the newest programs, or to tell you where you can get it from.So, as you can see computers and Internet go together and have opened our world in many ways.青少年(young teenagers/young adult/young children The arrival of the Internet has speeded up globalization.Currently in China, many Internet cafes, especially those without licenses, admit juveniles in violation of relevant regulations and spread unhealthy information online.They have brought great harm to the mental health of teenagers and interfered with the school teaching, which has aroused strong reaction from the public.China has the largest population of young netizens in the world, but they turn to the Internet mostly to play games.The top three activities are online entertainment(39.9 percent), sports(18.3 percent)and watching television(12.3 percent).While blogs, or personal Web logs, have drawn a lot of media attention as a major focus of Internet use, it is clear that young people in particular use the Web for entertainment.Seeking leisure and entertainment has been the primary reason that drives many netizens online, the majority of whom are youngsters.So the issue of China's youth resorting to the Internet for entertainment deserves some

attention from our society,“ The number of China's netizens reached 111 million in 2005, according to the 17th China Internet Development Statistics Report, released in January by the China Internet Network Information Center.And China's cyberspace is dominated by young people.Those between the age of 18 and 24 make up the largest proportion of Internet users, at 35.1 percent.Netizens under the age of 30 account for 71 percent of the total, the report shows.The survey shows that the top five Internet activities are reading news(65.9 percent), browsing Web pages(65.2 percent), playing online games(62.2 percent), downloading music(56.5 percent)and downloading entertainment content(53.5 percent).Internet addiction, mostly resulting from playing online games, is claimed to be the largest problem threatening the healthy growth and development of Chinese youth.Statistics from the 2005 China Youth Internet Addiction Research Report show that 13.2 percent of young Chinese netizens suffer from Internet addiction disorder, and another 13 percent have the tendency to become addicted to the Internet.He holds that online entertainment is nothing than Internet ”opium,“ and he calls on young people to abandon their computer screens and get out Internet cafes to seek real entertainment in the real world.)

中文：中国在世界上拥有最大数量的青年网民，但他们大多都是上网打游戏。

Since the mid-1990s, there have been about 250,000 suicides every year in China, with suicide ranking as the chief cause of death among people between the ages of 15 and 34.A recent report of the World Health Organization says that over 90 per cent of the suicides in foreign countries suffer from mental problems.But in China 37 per cent of the suicides choose killing themselves as a way to escape daily pressure or disappointments.A recent case of suicide by a boy addicted to Internet games has increased the public's concern over the issue of Internet Addiction Disorder(IAD).Xiao Yi, a 13-year-old from Tianjin, committed suicide thinking that he would meet his friends from cyber space after he died.He jumped from the top of a 24-storey high-rise, Beijing Youth Daily reported yesterday.He left four notes before he committed suicide.In the letters Xiao, playing the role of a character from a computer game, said that he wanted to meet three friends who also played the game in paradise.He did not even mention his parents in the letters.In the hypothetical world created by such games, they become confident and gain satisfaction, which they cannot get in the real world, he said.Shen Qiyun, a professor at Beijing Normal University, who has studied the influence on teenagers of such games since 2001, said that currently 80 percent of computer games are imported from abroad, half of which are related to a ”demon world,“ martial arts

and violence, which are not healthy influences on teenagers.The country has strengthened its supervision and management of computer games.Increasing stress, loneliness and a lack of medical support for depression are thought to have contributed to an annual suicide toll that is estimated at 250,000 people a year.According to the China Daily, an additional 2.5 million to 3.5 million make unsuccessful attempts to kill themselves each year.未完待续~~ 欢迎进入：2010考研课程免费试听

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饮可乐还是饮茶？

《红色娘子军》舞动巴黎

儒学在美国

文明冲突(civilization conflict/ Huntington defines eight major civilizations:(1)Westernwhich includes three subpisions: Arab, Turkic and Malay;(4)Latin American;(5)Hindu;(6)Confucian;(7)Japanese;and(8)African.Huntington says that ”The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.“ He continues, ”Over the centuries...differences among civilizations have generated the most prolonged and the most violent conflict“ [2]because differences between civilizations ”...are far more fundamental than differences among political ideologies and political regimes...“[3] And the evidence for Huntington's assertion is easily discernible in what's going on in the former Yugoslavia.Indeed, it's only in ”civilization“(or religious)terms that any sense can be made of the alliance structures that have grown up as a result of the conflict: Germany, France and Austria

(and, as a result, the E.C.)favor Slovenia and Croatia(which are Catholic and Western Christian);Russia and the ”Eastern Slavs“ favor Serbia(which isOrthodox);and Turkey and Iran favor the Muslims of Bosnia(which are Islamic).Indeed, the Balkans have been a tinderbox of conflict for hundreds of years precisely because they lie at the convergence of three major civilizations(or religions)and the cultures which these religions undergird: Western Christianity(Slovenia, Croatia, etc.);Orthodox Christianity(Serbia, Bulgaria, Russia, etc.);and Islam(Turkey, Albania, etc.).I think, we're in a New Axial Age.The idea of Axial Age was proposed by German philosopher Karl Jaspers(1883-1969), defined as around 500 B.C.when great thinkers appeared almost simultaneous in Ancient Greece, Israel, India and China, contributing their original ideas to the problems concerning the existence of human being.Distinctive cultural traditions were then formed respectively by Socrates and Plato in Ancient Greece, Lai-zi and Confucius in China, Sakyamuni in India, and Jewish prophets in Israel, which, after more than two thousand years of progress, have become the principle part of human intellectual wealth.These local cultural traditions were independent in birth, without mutual influence.”Until today mankind has lived by what happened during the Axial Period, by what was thought and created during that period.In each new upward flight it returns in recollection to this period and is fired anew by it.Even since then it has been the case that recollections and reawakenings of the potentialities of the Axial Periodafford a spiritual impetus.“ For example, the Europeans in Renaissance had recollected the origin of their culture, Ancient Greece, which had fired anew the European civilization and left its mark on global culture.Similarly, the Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism in China was stimulated by the impacts of Indian Buddhism;the Confucian thinkers, by ”recollecting“ Confucius and Mencius in pre-Qing Period, had promoted the ingenious Chinese philosophy to a new height.In a certain sense, the contemporary progress of global cultures might be a new leap on the basis of Axial Age.Has the contemporary human culture created, or will create, a New Axial Age then?--Judged from certain evidences, it might be.If Chinese culture hopes to contribute to the ”coexistence of civilizations“ in contemporary human society, it must needs to know itself, which means a cultural self-consciousness.The so-called ”cultural self-consciousness“ is the serious self-reflection by certain people in certain cultural tradition on their own culture's origin, its history of formation, its characters(including both

advantages and disadvantages)and its tendency of progress.The renewal of Chinese nation is on the eve.To achieve this goal, we must have a self-knowledge about Chinese culture, posit it on a proper place, and search with enthusiasm the genuine spirit of this culture with a long history, in order to present its essence to modern human society.Besides, we must reflect the disadvantages of our culture as well, to better the absorptions of other cultures' essences, and to re-interpret it in a modern way adapting to the general tendency of progress of modern society.Only after this retrospective reflection could our country march as vanguard in the progress of global culture, and create a brave new world together with other cultures.Confucianism and Taoism were principle schools of thinking in traditional Chinese culture, usually regarded as mutual complementarythat is Ren.It is not easy to practice the doctrine of ”enlarging one's self-concern to the concern on others“, which requires a ”practice of Ren“ rooting in ”the Way of Loyalty and Forgiveness“(忠恕之道), i.e.”never do to others as you do not wish done on yourself“[21], ”wishing to be established himself, he seeks also to establish others;wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others“.[22](”Loyalty is complete devotion of oneself;Forgiveness is the deduction of one's self-concern.“ 朱熹：《四书集注》).If Ren is to be enlarged to the whole society, it would be as what Confucius once said: ”To subdue one's self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue.If a junzi(君子: gentleman, nobleman)can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, all under heaven will return to Ren(after his example).Is the practice of Ren from a man himself, or is it from others?“[23] ”To subdue one's self“ and ”to return to propriety“ are usually interpreted as paralleling teachings, but I don't think this is the best explanation of this doctrine.”To subdue one's self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue“ actually means only the ”returning to propriety“ based on ”subduing of one's self“ could be regarded as Ren.Mr.Fei Xiaotong had his own interpretation about this doctrine: ”Only after one has subdued one's self could one return to propriety.The return to propriety is prerequisite for one to enter the society and become a social man.Perhaps it is just on this point Western and Eastern civilizations have parted, that is, whether to expand or to subdue one's self.“[24] I think Mr.Fei has made a proper remark.Zhu Xi also had an exegesis on this doctrine.”To subdue means to conquer,“ he said, ”and the ‘self' means one's personal desires.To return means to restore, and the ‘propriety' means the laws and patterns of the Principle of Heaven.“ According to this exegesis, one should subdue one's personal desires to abide by proprieties and social criterions.Ren is one's natural virtues(”Love is born in nature.“[25]);and propriety is exterior conventions to rule one's behavior, the function of which is to adjust social relationships so that people could live in harmony, as: ”The most valuable function of propriety is harmony.“[26] Only if one abides by proprieties and social criterions by free will, i.e.by an innate will to love people, could one fulfill the demands of Ren.Thus Confucius asked: ”Is the practice of Ren from a man himself, or is it

from others?“ He made definite prescriptions to the relationship between Ren and propriety: ”If a man be without Ren, what has he to do with the rites of propriety? If a man be without Ren, what has he to do with music?“[27] He who sets the rites or music without a heart of Benevolence and Love is hypocrite, and is in a purpose of cheat.It is in this sense that Confucius thought, if people would pursue Ren by freewill and practice the demanding of a heart of Benevolence and Love according to proprieties in everyday life, harmony and peace would be realized in society,--”If a junzi can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, all under heaven will return to Ren.“ I think this Confucian teaching is not totally meaningless for the political leaders of a state or the ruling classes in developed countries(United States in particular).”The politics of Ren“(仁政), or ”the Way of virtuous emperor“(王道)instead of ”the Way of hegemon“(霸道), is indispensable to ”order the state“(治国)and to ”harmonize all under Heaven“(平天下).If ”the politics of Ren“ or ”the Way of virtuous emperor“ is practiced, different cultures would be able to coexist and develop in peace;while ”the Way of hegemon“ will bring forth the ”clash of civilizations“, resulting in monoculturalism and cultural Hegemonism.If Confucian doctrine of Ren is applied in regulating intercultural relationships, clash or war of civilizations will be avoided, and the coexistence of civilizations achieved.Of course, even the Confucian doctrine of Ren is no miracle drug to solve all the problems about the existence of civilizations in contemporary society.However, as a set of moral self-regulations based on Ren, it would undoubtedly be of some practical significance to harmonize the coexistence of civilizations if practiced as a principle to regulate intercultural relationships.It is not easy to make different cultures get on in harmony and thus to make states and nations in different cultural traditions coexist in peace.Probably the Confucian doctrine of ”Harmony in Diversity“(和而不同)[28] could provide us with an illuminating resource of thinking.According to Confucius, ”The virtuous(junzi)get on in harmony without agreeing to each other;the base(xiaoren)agree with others without harmony.“[29] Junzi, as intellectuals with moral discipline practicing the Way of Loyalty and Forgiveness, should try to get on in harmony in spite of their different opinions;but those with no morality or discipline always force others to accept their opinions, thus could not stay harmoniously.If this doctrine of ”Harmony in Diversity“ could be applied as a principle in dealing with intercultural relationships, it should be of very positive meaning to solve the conflicts among

states or nations.It would be especially true in dealing with those disaccords and conflicts provoked by cultural differences(e.g.the differences on religious believes or values)among states or nations, that if we practice the teaching of ”Harmony in Diversity“ as principle to solve these conflicts.”Harmony“ and ”Sameness“ are generally regarded as different concepts in traditional Chinese thinking.There was even ”a debate on the difference between Harmony and Sameness“.As a story recorded in Zuo-zhuan told us, once the Duke of Qi asked Yan-zi: ”Is there only Ju get on with me in harmony?“ The reply of Yan-zi was: ”Ju merely expresses the same opinion with Your Highness,--how could it be called harmony?“ ”Is there any difference between Harmony and Sameness?“ asked the Duke.”They are quite different.“ replied Yan-zi, ”Harmony is like well-cooked dish, you must concoct fish and meat with water, fire, vinegar, sauce, salt and plum, and then cook the dish with firewood.The cook harmonizes these flavors to make it moderate.If it is too light, then salt should be added;if too salty, then water.When Junzi dines with such a dish, his heart would be pacified.This is analogous to the relationship between the King and his magistrates...But Ju is different from it.When Your Highness say that something is right, he agrees;when Your Highness say the opposite, he agrees as well.It is as if to moderate water with water,--who could tolerate to eat such a dish? Or as if a zither always plays the same tune,--who could tolerate to enjoy such music? This is why Sameness differs from Harmony.“(《左传•昭公二十年》)Another saying of Shibo(史伯)was recorded as: ”In fact, only Harmony could activate the growth of lives, and Sameness would stop it on the contrary.Harmony is to moderate something with heterogeneous things,--only in this way, the lives would flourish and find their belongings.If something is supplemented by homogeneous things, it could only be abandoned after exhausted.Thus the ancient virtuous emperors had concocted Earth with Metal, Wood, Water and Fire[30], to transform it into miscellaneous lives.“ [31](《国语•郑语》).From the quotes above we see that Harmony and Sameness are totally different concepts.Only under the presupposition of difference and correlation could things ”be moderated with heterogeneity“, and the perse things progress together in harmony with each other.”To supplement something with homogeneity“ is to aggregate the sameness, which would only suffocate the lives.The supreme ideal of traditional Chinese culture is that ”miscellaneous lives are nourished together without harming each other;miscellaneous ways are practiced together without counteracting each other.“[32] The ”miscellaneous lives“ and ”miscellaneous ways“ mean Diversity;the ”without harming each other“ and ”without counteracting each other“ mean Harmony.This

doctrine would provide us with inexhaustible resource of thinking for the coexistence of perse cultures.Now in Western countries, people of insight have already admitted the possibility of coexistence of civilizations, that the clash or war provoked by mere cultural differences should be avoided.They believe that different nations and states should be able to achieve common understanding through cultural exchanges, dialogues, and discussions.This would be a process from ”Diversity“ to mutual understanding.This mutual understanding is neither to extinct nor to assimilate the other, but to find a crossing point in the coordinate system and to propel the progress of both cultures,--such is the function of ”Harmony“.It is just because of the differences of cultures that human civilization has become so colorful, and that the inter-supplementary and interactive structure has been formed gradually in the flowing river of human history.Cultural differences might lead to clashes or even wars, but not all differences are destined to cause clashes or wars.Especially in an era when sciences and technologies are rapidly developing, a massive war, if it happened, would destroy human being ourselves.Thus we must endeavor to pursue the harmonious coexistence through intercultural dialogues.Many scholars in China and abroad has realized now the importance of mutual understanding achieved by the dialogues bridging different cultures;for example, Habermas, who begins to emphasize the concepts of justice and solidarity.In my opinion, they are significant principles in dealing with international cultural relationships.Habermas' ”Principle of Justice“ could be understood as a right for every national culture to protect its independence and autonomy and to develop by free will;his ”Principle of Solidarity“ could be understood as an obligation to sympathize, understand and respect other national cultures.By incessant dialogues and communications, there will be one day, sooner or later, that a positive cycle of interactions between different national cultures be formed.[33] Another example is Gadamer, the German philosopher who left us only recently.He proposed that ”understanding“ should be extended to ”universal dialogue“.Because of this extension, the relationship between subject and object(as cognitive or grammatical concepts)is able to be transformed from inequality to equality;in another word, only when the dialogists are in equal status could they have meaningful dialogues and fruitful results.Gadarmer's consciousness of equality between subject and object and his theory of ”cultural dialogue“ are important ideas earnestly needed by our time,[34] illuminating enough for us to understand properly and thoroughly the cultural or national relationships between China and other nations.However, no matter Habermas'

principles of justice and solidarity or Gadamer's theory of universal dialogue, their common presupposition should be the principle of ”Diverse Harmony“, since, only when nations and states in different cultural traditions could coexist in harmony through dialogues, could they acquire equal rights and obligations and could the ”universal dialogue“ between them be meaningful and fruitful.Thus, the Confucian principle of ”Harmony in Diversity“ based on the belief that ”harmony is most valuable“[35] could be practiced as one of the basic principles in dealing with intercultural relationships.This principle, if practiced in dealing with relationships between states and nations in different cultural traditions, would be of positive meaning not only in eliminating the disaccords, conflicts and even wars, but as dynamics in propelling states and nations to progress through communications.It is just in this sense that Bertrand Russell said: ”Contacts between different civilizations have often in the past proved to be landmarks in human progress.“[36] The contemporary human society needs different cultures to develop their proper traditional characters through mutual learning and convergence, in order to realize the coexistence of civilizations on a new basis.(2)The Taoist Doctrine of the Way(tao)could provide significant resources of thinking to prevent ”the clash of civilizations“.If Confucius is a ”man of virtue“(仁者), then Lao-zi is a ”man of wisdom“(智者).The Way is the basic concept in Lao-zi's Tao Te Ching, while ”the spontaneity and doing-nothing“(自然无为: to obey natural laws without offences)is the basic feature of the Way.”The spontaneity and doing-nothing is the Way of Heaven,“ said Wang Chong in his Lun Heng.[37] All kinds of conflicts in contemporary human society are undoubtedly caused by the greedy desires for power and wealth.Those great powers, in their pursuit of selfish gains and expansions of power, exploit the resources of undeveloped countries and practice a politics of great powers, which is the fundamental cause of global chaos.Lao-zi's doctrine of ”spontaneity and doing-nothing“ could be interpreted as to do nothing against people's will, which will render the society and the world peace.Lao-zi once quoted the saying of an ancient sage: ”As I do nothing, the people will reform by themselves;since I like quiet, they will keep order by themselves;when I seek no trouble, the people will prosper by themselves;when I have no desire, they will live in austerity by themselves.“[38] It means: the ruler with political powers should neither interfere his people(doing-nothing), nor disturb their everyday life(liking quiet), nor act against their will(seeking no trouble), nor exploit them insatiably(having no

desire);thus, the people will reform by themselves, keep order by themselves, prosper by themselves, and live in austerity by themselves.If we give a modern interpretation to this teaching and renew it in contemporary world, it would not only render peace to a country but function significantly in eliminating the clash of civilizations.It could be interpreted as: in international politics, the more a country interferes another, the more chaotic the world will be;the more those great powers threaten others with military might, the more turbu