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2018考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析

栏目:合同范文发布:2025-01-29浏览:1收藏

2018考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析

第一篇:2018考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析

2018考研英语考试已经结束,走出考场的同学们你们感觉还好吗?每次考试大家最关心的就是作文话题,考前各种猜测,总结各种主题词!看到今年英语一大作文图画后,小编想问一问,你背的主题词中了几个?我们在图画上看到好多关键词,反而一下子不知道写哪个主题了?实际上,仔细分析一下,该图反应的主题还是非常明确的。下面文都考研教研院的何娜娜老师带大家一起解读一下2018考研英语一真题大作文的主题。

今年的考研英语一大作文画风是这样子的:

52.Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below.In your essay, you should

1)describe the picture briefly

2)interpret the meaning, and

3)give your comments.Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/

主题分析:一个学生在浏览选课系统,图上给出了许多文字信息,实际上我们可以把这些信息分成两类就好理解了。左边的类型是“知识新,重创新,有难度”,右边的类型是“给分高,易通过,作业少”,面对这两种类型的课程,你作为学生会选择哪一种呢?当然正确的一类应该是选择“知识新,重创新,有难度”。考生要意识到这个图画是要让大家讨论:在选择课程时,是以什么作为选择标准?

写作思路:

第一段:首先来看一下图画描述中你会用到的关键词,(文都老师也想帮大家吐槽一下,历年的真题中从来就没有哪一年的关键词像今年这么多啊!)而这些词不写貌似是不行滴,哪怕你没有全翻译出来,也要把两种类型课程的特点描述到位。“知识新,重创新,有难度”emphasizing innovation and new knowledge, with much difficulty.“给分高,易通过,作业少”giving high marks and easily passed, with little homework.不一定要逐词翻译,只要能把主要意思写出来就可以啦!最后图下面的这个这几行字可以选择不写的,因为它不是主题,只是提示了图画情景而已。

http://www.xiexiebang.com/kaoyan/ 第二段:论述的套路可以先说目前有这样两类课程,一类的特点是什么,另一类的特点是什么,然后说有些学生看中的是后者,而现在越来越多的学生会选择前者。然后强调在当今时代背景下,注重知识积累和创新,以及接受新挑战的重要性。

第三段:尾段的写作思路就是,倡导正确的做法,然后强调主题的重要性和意义。(这种模板句大家应该都背过很多啊!)比如:Nothing would be more important than cultivating the consciousness of innovation to face new challenge and competition in the upcoming future.大作文属于开放式的写作,对主题的解读可以有差异化,所以你只要能抓住图画的某一个点进行论述,都是可以的!所以不要太担心主题跑偏的问题。文都网校预祝大家考出好成绩!

文都2018考研真题考后全方位剖析,二十多位名师为您带来所有科目真题点评的直播盛宴~25日晚 考研公共课专场(考研神秘大咖直播抽奖)26日晚 考研专业课专场。

第二篇:2013考研英语(一)翻译真题及解析

2013考研英语

(一)翻译真题及解析--中域教育网

46.yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their persity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.解析

考察重点:非谓语动词做后置定语,状语从句,插入语

这个句子结构非常清晰:it strikes one that, for all their persity of styles,these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.是主句,其中for all their persity of styles是插入语。时间壮语从句yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,提前至主句之前,其中created by the homeless 是过去分词短语充当后置定语,用来修饰 the gardens。词汇的识别:句子中的动词looks at,对应的宾语是 the photographs of the gardens,因此翻译成“观看”。句子中created by the homeless对应的宾语是 the gardens,因此翻译成“创建、建立”。句子中的动词speak of对应的宾语是 various other fundamental urges,因此翻译成“透露、显示、表明”。

参考翻译:然而当我们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的家园的照片时,它们的那些各种各样的风格,会给人以深深的震撼。这些家园在它的装饰和创造性表示之上,透露出了其他基本的需求。

评分标准:三个动词 “look at, created by the homeless和speak of”的翻译各占0.5分,目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。

47.A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.解析

考察重点:让步壮语从句,插入语,比较状语从句

这个句子结构简洁:A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need,是主句,其中, however crude it may be,是让步壮语从句充当插入语; as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need.是比较状语从句。

词汇的识别:句子中的三个系词在表与信息的提示之下分别翻译成为“是人类的基本需求”;“无论多么粗糙(贫瘠)”;“是动物的基本需求”。

参考翻译:一块神圣的和平之地,不管它有多么粗糙,它都是一种人类基本的需求,和庇护所相反,那只是动物的基本需求。

评分标准:三个系词的翻译各占0.5分,目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。

48.The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such

解析:

考察重点:定语从句

这个句子结构简洁: The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from it to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such是主句,其中 which are in effect homeless garden 是定语从句修饰 The gardens of the homeless;定语从句where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such修饰先行词 an urban environment。

参考翻译: 无家可归的人的家园,事实上是无所谓家的家园,给要么是不存在的,要么是无法分辨得清的城市环境引入了一种形式。评分标准:动词短语“introduce from it to”、系词“are”、“didn’t exist, was not discernible”的翻译各占0.5分,目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。

49.Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic

解析

考察重点:时间壮语从句,定语从句

这个句子结构稍显复杂:Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 是主句,其中, which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 是定语从句 until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.是时间状语从句。

词汇的识别:动词短语“give in”在宾语 demoralization of spirit的指导下,翻译为“屈服于”;“blame which on some psychological conditions”中的blame翻译成为“推卸到”;find发现,feel感受到。参考翻译: 我们当中大多数人都屈服于精神的道德败坏,我们经常把这种精神上的败坏推卸到心理环境上,直到有一天我们发现自己处于一个家园当中,并感受到这种压迫好像魔法一样消失.评分标准:三组动词的翻译各占0.5分,目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。

50.It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.解析:

考察重点:强调句型,插入语

这个句子结构稍显复杂: It is this „„that „„是强调句型,还原成正常语序后句子表达为“this implicit or explicit reference to nature fully justifies the use of the word garden”;though in a“liberated”sense是插入语。

词汇的识别:动词“justify”在宾语 the use of word garden的指导下,翻译为“证实„是合理的”;动词“describe”在宾语“these synthetic constructions”的指导之下翻译成“描述”。

参考翻译: 正是这种隐晦或明显的涉及自然,尽管是从一种解放的意义上来说, 充分地证实了用来描述这些人造建筑的花园这个单词很贴切。

评分标准:两个动词的翻译各占0.5分,强调句型的翻译占0.5分,目标汉语的通顺流畅占0.5分。

第三篇:2018考研英语(一)真题答案及解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解

本套真题答案由海文机构提供目前仅供参考,标准答案在官方公布后会为您更新

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】[B] for

【解析】此处考察介词的用法。it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说,信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。B选项for(对...来说)符合语义,故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于),C选项like(像...),D选项on(关于)语义不恰当,故排除。

2、【答案】[C] faith

【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题句:trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明:On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件,比如照看孩子,友谊等),这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____.(另一方面,把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...),显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”,只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现,故正确答案为[C] faith。

3、【答案】[B] price

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句:trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明:On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件,比如照看孩子,友谊等),这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面,把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...),显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”,并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“wrong place”,本句应该在说信任不当的弊端,所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词,故A选项benefit和D选项hope排除,而C选项debt(债务)带入之后语义不当,故正确答案为[B] price(代价)。

4、【答案】[D] Then

【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。上段讲述的是信任的好处和信任不当的弊端。第二段段首提出问题:“_____我们为什么要信任”。只有D选项then(那么)填入后能形成顺畅的语义和逻辑关系。故正确答案为D then(那么)。A选项again(再次)表示强调;B选项instead(但是、然而)表示转折;C选项therefore(因此)表示结果,不符合要求,故排除。

5、【答案】[A] When

【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句含义为:______人们信任一个人或一个组织机构,他们的大脑会释放催产素。只有A选项when(当..时候)填入后符合逻辑要求,故正确答案为A选项when。其他三个选项B选项unless(如果不)表条件,C选项although(尽管)表让步,D选项until(直到...)表时间,带入后均语义不通顺,故排除。

6、【答案】[C] produce

【解析】此处考察动宾搭配问题。上文指出:When people place their trust in an …their brains release oxytocin, a hormone.上文指出当人们产生信任感,大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙,后面是定语从句,句内的动宾搭配,可推知这个荷尔蒙能产生令人愉悦的情绪,并且与后面的trigger同义复现,因此C.produce 正确。

7、【答案】[A] connect

【解析】此处考察上下文信息照应题。上文讲到这种荷尔蒙能够激发一种群居本能,the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote …with one another,这种本能有两个作用,并用and 连接,所以复现同义and 前面的flock together.因此选择A.connect

8、【答案】[B] to

【解析】此处考察上下语境下的名词介词搭配问题。根据上文的结论,下文实验展开分析,Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us….所以研究中要求受试者要先处于这种环境中,所以名词exposure to 构成搭配语义关系,表示“接触”的意思,因此选择to。

9、【答案】[D] mood

【解析】此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文提到身体会产生荷尔蒙,会给你带来一种愉悦的情

绪pleasurable feelings,这个上文结论。实验中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting …,因此,根据上下文,试验中,处于这种荷尔蒙环境中,会给人带来情绪;语气;心境。因此选择 mood。

10、【答案】[A] counterparts

【解析】此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应。上文指出,In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ,可推知本句再讲与另外一组受试者比较。故选择A。counterparts.相对物,相对应的人。

11、【答案】[C] Lucky

【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。因为这个句子当中有个词also,说明前文和后文情感是一致的关系。说我们有这两种天赋,对大家来说都是好事,所以需要选择一个正向的情感色彩。只能选择lucky。A选项odd 奇怪的是,B选项funny 有趣的是,D选项ironic 讽刺的是,皆不符合文意。

12、【答案】[A] protect

【解析】此处考察上下文的成分搭配。因为这个句子当中有个词also,说明前文和后文情感是并列平行关系,前后情感应该一致。所以此处只能选择protect 保护我们,符合文意。B选项delight 使高兴;C 选项 surprise 使震惊;D选项monitor 监控皆不符合文意。

13、【答案】[D] between

【解析】此处考察固定搭配。differentiate between A and B.介词between表示在A和B之间 , 原文含义为:“4个月大的孩子可以区分出一个可信的人和一个不诚实的人”。

14、【答案】[C] introduced

【解析】此处考察成分搭配。原文表达: Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container.只有C选项be introduced to sth表示“初次认识某事物”,符合文意。A 选项added 添加;B选项transferred转移;D选项 entrusted 委托,皆不符合文意。

15、【答案】[B] inside

【解析】此处考察介词搭配及词义复现。原文表达:“What’s in here?” before looking into the container…… Each subject was then invited to _________.只有选择B选项inside 才能和前文所表达的in here和looking into一脉相承。

16、【答案】[D] discovered

【解析】此处考察词义复现,属于句子内部的显性线索。根据原文Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container was empty… 这是用分号并列的连个句子,都是在讲试验的结果句型结构基本一致,前半句再讲一半的受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具,后半句肯定是再说另半会怎么样,两个小分句的结构基本一致Half of them = the other half,found=16,a toy= the container was empty,所以16题填入的应该是found的同义词,发现的含义,故D为正确选项。

17、【答案】[A] fooled

【解析】此处句间逻辑关系,属于句子内部的显性线索。—and realized the tester had 17 them,此句位于破折号后面,是对前面意思的解释说明。前面提到另一半人发现盒子是空的,并且意识到测试者对他们怎么样,既然盒子是空的那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们,所以作对此题必须要理解tester测试者是主语,宾语是them指的是受测者,主语的意思决定了谓语动词的含义为戏弄,故A fooled为正确选项。

18、【答案】[B] willing

【解析】 此处考察搭配关系,属于句子内部的显性线索。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语意为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面,大多数的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与测试者的合作是怎么样的,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明这些孩子信任他的领导,所以既然信任他们就是愿意与其合作,故选择B.willing,与were willing to 构成固定搭配,意为愿意。

19、【答案】[D] In contrast

【解析】此处考察句间的逻辑关系。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.通过该句中的only仅仅,可以看出与上文的 the majority of 形成鲜明的对比,19题应该填入的应该是表示转折,与上文形成对比的逻辑关系词。分析四个选项A表示总结,B表示结果,C表示举例子,只有D表示转折,对比,故D为正确选项。

20、【答案】[C] unreliable

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.该句含义为:在接下来的活动中30个孩子中只有5个孩子与。。样的测试者能合作,所以结合上文提到的大部分孩子信任测试者,但是5/30属于一小部分,大部分对应的是信任,那么小比例的对应的是不信任,所以 tester的修饰词应该为C,unreliable不可靠的,不可信任的,故C为正确选项。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】D Middle-class workers

【解析】根据题干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句话,可以得知相对于低收入者和富人,中产阶级受到的冲击最大。

22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

【解析】根据题干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But...middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”,but转折句再一次强调了作者的观点,即中产阶级工人需要很多帮助来调整应对问题。同时,末句中”may need a lot of help”同义替换成选项C中的“need to be tackled”,自动化带来的问题需要被解决,得出C答案。

23、【答案】A creative potential

【解析】根据题干中的关键词可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”。由该句可知,课程应该更关注创造性和复杂的沟通而非记忆事实。所以,应该选C选项creative potential(创造潜能),同义替换为creativity。

24、【答案】D preventing the income gap from widening

【解析】该题考查作者的观点,根据题干中的关键词可定位到第六段第一句“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。由该句可知,由于自动化加大了资本收入和劳动力收入的差距,所以应该重新考虑税收和安全网(保障措施),即税收政策应该避免收入差距扩大,选D选项preventing the income gap from widening。

25、【答案】B possible solutions to it

【解析】作者在文章第一、二段提出问题“中产阶级受自动化危害最大”之后,第三段的末尾句提出中产阶级需要帮助去适应自动化的发展,接下来第四段至第六段介绍解决方法,最后一段表明作者观点。所以应该选B 选项possible solutions to it(解决问题的相应方法)。

Text 2

26、【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news

【解析】双段推理题。根据题目定位到第1段和第2段,双段推理优先考虑双段主旨。第一段中心句为最后一句话:Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform。“千禧一代喜欢白宫直接发布的消息…而不是总统社交媒体发布的信息”,说明他们不太信任社交媒体。第2段中心为第二句转折之后,说明对于社交媒体的不信任上升。故双段中心都和他们不信任社交媒体相关。结合以上信息,得出社交媒体信息不可靠,选择D。

27、【答案】[A] sharpen

【解析】词汇释义题。根据题目定位到第2段第2句:Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判断,因为逗号前提到“人们对于所有媒体的不信任增加”,可以推知人们应该开始增强其媒体素养的技能,故选A。

28.【答案】B verify news by referring to perse sources.【解析】范例证明题。根据题干定位至第三段第二句话。因为某项研究一般是论据证明前面的论点,故答案应该位于第一句话“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 说明答案应该“和年轻人更容易把网络中的事实和虚假信息区分开来”,故答案为B“验证新闻的真伪”。为了精确可以在论据中去验证,论据中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different

perspectives”,都是和多重角度验证信息真伪相关的。

29.【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation

【解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason对应the top reason,而原文剩余信息为“reader error”, 所以应该和读者相关。Error应该对应misinterpretation, 故答案为C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰,下句进一步说明答案的内容,文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news进一步印证C为正确答案。

30.【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

【解析】全文主旨题。本篇文章属于篇首转折,二段转折之后为全文主旨,yet之后说道:“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“随着对于所有媒体不信任的上升,人们开始增强其媒体素养的技能”,故答案为A。为了验证,可以看篇末,篇末重申主题,so之后讲道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更进一步说明和人们批判性看待社交媒体上的新闻相关。

Text 3

31、【答案】[B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.【解析】细节题。根据题干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根据a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy这一部分的语义信息,说明NHS与DeepMind之间的协议没有充分考虑到病人的权利与隐私。这句话的言外之意就是协议未能充分关注病人的权利。故确定答案为选项B,其中failed to是took far too little account的同义改写。

32、【答案】[C] necessary adjustments.【解析】细节题。根据题干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根据第二句的语义信息,NHS trust针对Denham’s verdict已经调整了其与DeepMind的协议内容,故通过同义替换,可确定正确答案为C。

33、【答案】[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.【解析】推理题。根据题干,此题定位在第二段最后一句but之后的转折句。“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”.这种区分忽视了一个点:是处理和收集赋予数据意义,而不是拥有数据。选项中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原词复现。选项中的“the value of data”对应原文中的“data value”。因此,D项为正确答案。

34、【答案】[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.【解析】细节题。根据题干此题定位在文中最后一段的第四句。“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是这些进步属于一个私人垄断企业,而私人垄断企来使用公共资源进行研发。而这正真正的担忧所在。因此,选项D为正确答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants对应原文中的a private monopoly。

35、【答案】[B] cautious

【解析】态度题。本题考查作者对本文主题“将人工智能应用于医疗健康”的态度。根据顺序性原则定位在最后一段。该段倒数第三句话指出“我们目前依然处于这一改革的前期,并且任何小的选择都会对未来产生深远的影响”,其中“still”一词,以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)对比,都体现出了作者对待整个事件是小心谨慎的态度,因此[B] cautious为正确答案。

Text 4

36、【答案】[B] its rigid management

【解析】根据题干判断本题考查因果细节。第一段的前三句都是有关USPS的具体数字,属于细节信息。第四句出现many reasons很多原因。紧接着下面就有fundamentally根本原因是,所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析这个长难句,USPS 处在squeeze between 1 and 2,中,1是technological change, 2是structure.2的structure后定语从句:denies management flexibility 对应选项B: rigid management。

【干扰项分析】:选项A,budget文中未有涉及。选项C,虽然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定语从句说的是:技术改革降低需求,并没有提到cost成本问题。选项D,the withdrawal of bank support 银行支持撤销了,原文并没有提及银行支持,直接排除。

37、【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups

【解析】 根据题干due to,判断本题考查因果细节。根据题干关键词:USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句,在这句前leaving,留下,导致这个结果,往前找原因,前一句提到reform legislation, 而且这句前还有this is why,只要找到代词this指代就可以判断选项。代词往前推,根据这句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress选择选项A,interference 对应 exert pressure on。

【干扰项分析】选项B,the inadequate funding from Congress,原文虽然有提到Congress国会,the aspect of status quo get protected, 国会保护USPS,并没有提及inadequate funding基金不足。选项C,the shrinking demand for postal service 邮政需求缩减,文中没有提及。选项D, the incompetence of postal unions 邮政工会的不作为。文章有提到工会,但是只提他们是属于Interest groups,并没有提到无作为。

38、【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care

【解析】 因果细节题。根据38题题干The long-standing complaint by the....回文定位到第3段,最后一句:“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....”.再根据题干中“ can be addressed by” 即:通过哪种方式解决,此处为解题要点,通过哪种方式来解决,前后明显为结果与途径的关系,即可理解为因果关系。文章此句后半句正是题干,thus前半句为答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。与 A.B.C.D 四个选项匹配后,正确答案为 A removing its burden of retiree health care。

39、【答案】[C] discontent

【解析】根据题干可以判断本题为观点态度题。回文定位到最后一段。题干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具体定位到最后一段倒数第2句:“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根据题干,问作者最终态度,本段最后一句,转折句是作者最终的态度:“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者认为他们并没有认真对待。所以此处作者态度为否定。匹配A B C D 四个选项 只有C discontent(不满)为负向信息,所以为正确答案。

40、【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

【解析】根据题干特征词“best title”,这是一道主旨题。根据前四道题问的主题,第一道题和第二道题是USPS出现了问题,并分析原因,第三道题给出解决方法,第四道题提到作者对于这个方法的态度,即提出问题—分析问题—解决问题,并在最后给出作者对这个解决方案的评价。根据这个文章框架,首先A选项“USPS开始错过了它的好时光”,这只是提出问题,相对片面;B选项“USPS:不要动我的奶酪”, 这是拒绝解决问题的态度,不符合文章的写作思路;C选项“USPS:慢性病需要快方法”,这个chronic和quick都没有在文中提到;D选项“USPS需要的不仅仅是权宜之计”,这说的其实作者对于解决方案的评价,在文章最后一段。这段最后结尾有But,有however,“it[指代前文讲的方法] is not a sign……”,对此作者表示否定态度。所以D选项为正确答案。Part B

41、【答案】 [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a…

【解析】 E段首先介绍EEOB的全称,对全文进行概述提出话题,可选为41题答案。同时,从给定选项C第一句提到the State, War,and Navy Building…,the在此特指,可以作为另一一个线索,在E选项中最后一句,复现了the State, War,and Navy Building...。故41题答案选E。

42、【答案】[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

【解析】C选项最后一句谈到了many historic events(建筑内呈现了历史事件),而G选项第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的历史...),意思一致,承上启下,故42题答案选G。

43、【答案】[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed…

【解析】确定G后,根据G选项最后一句,...the demolition of the State Department Building(谈到拆除the State Department Building), 而A选项中谈到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department,建立一个新的State Department Building,前后意思顺接,故43题答案选A。

44、【答案】[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing…

【解析】 根据给定的F段,首句是段落大意,该句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by wing(该建筑逐翼展开).而B选项第一句谈到了...south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼),然后在B选项最后一句又谈到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至东翼).先在F段总起,再在B段中分说,前后对应,故44题答案选B.45、【答案】[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

【解析】 B段结尾处谈到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(这些精美的墙....装饰了秘书处的办公室),而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(历史事件在这些EEOB的墙上呈现), the wall原词复现,两句话意思一致,故45题答案选D。

Section III Translation

(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【题目考点】代词还原;并列结构

【句子结构】and并列两个句子,主干分别为:…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama为定语修饰the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为状语

【重点词汇】witness 见证 religious宗教的 drama戏剧 incentive刺激

【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时,欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝,在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下,很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。

(47)no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【题目考点】定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构

【句子结构】主句主干:no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰boy,that引导为形容词ignorant的宾语从句,which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature,gave…and might bring honor…为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。

【重点词汇】grammar school 文法学校 ignorant忽视 literature文学 glory 荣耀

【参考译文】任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式,它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀,也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

(48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.【题目考点】并列句

【句子结构】并列句主干分别为:…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

【重点词汇】professional 专业的 prosper繁荣 permanent theater永久性剧院

【参考译文】但是专业公司的永久性剧院却兴旺起来,于是高校一些有着文学抱负的人迅速抓住机遇,将其作为一个谋生手段。

(49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.【题目考点】伴随状语,并列结构,被动语态

【句子结构】本句是一个由and连接的并列句。and前的句子主干为一个被动语态的简单句:a … drama had been created, with引导一个伴随状语;and后的句子也为一个被动语态的简单句:some of its great traditions had been begun。

【重点词汇】alliance作为名词意为“联盟,联合;联姻”,常与介词with进行搭配使用。establish作为动词意为“建立,创办”,也可引申为“诞生”。at least为固定搭配,表示“至少”。tradition作为名词表示“传统,惯例”。

【参考译文】一种本土文学戏剧形式诞生了,它与公共剧院结成联盟,至少它的一些优良传统开始登上历史舞台了。

(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【题目考点】非谓语,宾语从句,定语从句

【句子结构】本句结构较为复杂,主句部分为“we must remember…”,主句之前的非谓语to realize作为目的状语,后接了一个how引导的宾语从句。主句中,两个that分别引导了两个remember的宾语从句,其中第二个宾语

从句中,有一个whose引导的定语从句,修饰author of note。

【重点词汇】realize作为动词表示“实现,了解,认识到”。dramatic为drama的形容词形式,意思为“戏剧的,引人注目的,激动人心的”。survive作为动词表示“幸存,活下来;比…活得长”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

【参考译文】为了了解戏剧性活动有多么伟大,我们必须牢记大量的戏剧已经被遗忘了,并且有可能没有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下来。

Section IV Writing

51.【参考范文】

Dear professors,I, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning, from 9 a.m.to 11 a.m.The details about the ceremony are as follows.First and foremost, the president will make a speech for the graduates, blessing them to have a bright future.In addition, several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates.It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of you in the graduation ceremony.Therefore, we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.Your sincerely,Li Ming

52.【参考范文】

Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a computer, a college student is choosing his optional class, wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course.Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking.It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that everyone, especially college students, should have the spirit of creation and innovation.To put it another way, innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed.This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma, at least once in life.Such a dilemma may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life.Then there are two choices before him: making a creative choice or an easier one.If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier, difficult as it will be, success will be the result one day.However, although it seems to be much easier for him at the moment, the latter choice may kill off his dream and ambition, and such choice then will be a pity all his life.As college student, definitely, we are facing or will face many difficulties.At such moment, we should bear in mind that creation is a necessary and indispensable quality in our life, a positive attitude to life and an approach to success.Keep the spirit of innovation, and we will win a better life.

第四篇:1988年考研英语真题及解析

1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D].Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)

①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God

1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧

months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrims

that winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Living

began to improve in the spring of 1621.1○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were plentiful.1○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing.1○6The colonists‟ health

with the warm weather and their better diet.1○7In the fall, they look back

the past year.○18They were both regretful and thankful.○19Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained.○20The price in human life and tragedy had been great.2○1On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future.○22A splendid harvest was

them.2○3They were ready for the second winter with confidence.2○4They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter.2○5Seven were for families, and four were for communal use.2○6 9 , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.2○7The woods and forests became safe.○28When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists.○29At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday.○30It was their first Thanks giving Day.[328 words] 1.[A] in their own style

[B] in their own way [C] on their own

[D] of their own 2.[A] course

[B] route

[C] passage [D] channel 3.[A] Uncomfortable [B] Bad

[C] Unfavourable [D] Terrible 4.[A] passed

[B] sustained [C] survived [D] spent 5.[A] situations

[B] environments [C] conditions

[D] circumstances 6.[A] strengthened [B] regained [C] recovered [D] improved 7.[A] in

[B] of

[C] over

[D] at 8.[A] on

[B] behind

[C] for

[D] beyond 9.[A] Best of all [B] For the best [C] To their best [D] All in all 10.[A] ashore

[B] around

[C] about

[D] aboard

试题精解

一、文章结构分析

本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了“五月花号”抵达美洲新大陆的情况及感恩节的来历。

第一段交代了文章的背景:一批殖民者到达北美新大陆。①至④句介绍了“五月花号”前往美洲的原因,⑤至⑩句介绍了“五月花号”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陆后遇到的困难,○11至1○6句介绍了他们生活条件得到好转的原因及表现。第二段通过对过去的回顾与对未来的展望,叙述了朝圣者怀有感恩的心态并与当地印第安人签署友好协定,为下文感恩节的形成做了铺垫。

第三段说明了感恩节产生的直接原因:朝圣者想庆祝他们定居新家的第一年。

二、试题具体分析

1.[A] in their own style

[B] in their own way以…特有的方式 [C] on their own单独,独立地

[D] of their own自己的,本人的 本题考核的知识点是:句内语义+固定短语

[快速解题]空格处填入的短语作状语,修饰worship God,说明朝圣者前往新大陆的原因。in one‟s own way是固定搭配,意为“以…特有的方式”,代入文中意为“以他们特有的方式敬仰上帝”,符合上下文逻辑关系,为正确答案。on their own与of their own不符合文意,style虽然可以表示“方式、方法”,但该含义不用于in one‟s own…结构,应排除。

[篇章分析]①至④句是第一段的第一个层次,揭示了五月花号前往新大陆的原因。④句是一个复合句,主干为They were looking for a place,后接where引导的定语从句修饰place。[空格设置]in one‟s own way是固定短语,如:I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的确是以她特有的方式爱你。

[干扰项设置]其他项利用常见的固定搭配设置干扰。例句:The accident happened through no fault of her own.这一事故的发生不是她本人的过错。He did it on his own.这件事他独立完成了。

2.[A] course航向,航线

[B] route路线,路途 [C] passage通道,航程

[D] channel渠道,海峡 本题考核的知识点是:名词词义辨析

[快速解题]空格处填入的名词作lost的宾语,因此此题关键是判断那个选项可与lost搭配且符合文意。四个选项构成的动宾搭配分别表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路线”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峡”,显然不存在后两种搭配,首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具体指出了是海上航行,因此排除常指“地面路线”的route,最佳答案为[A]course。[篇章分析]⑤至⑩句是第一段的第二个层次,分别介绍了朝圣者在航行中及登陆后遇到的困难。

[空格设置]course除了考生熟悉的表示“课程”的含义外,还可意为“(船或飞机的)航向,航线“,如:The plane was on/off course.飞机航向正确/偏离航向。

[干扰项设置]其他项利用其他表示“路径”的词对course形成近义干扰。例句:Which is the best route to take? 哪一条是最佳路线?This passage will take us to the other building.穿过这条通道,我们就可以到达另一座大楼。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投诉必须通过正当途径进行。

3.[A] Uncomfortable令人不舒适的 [B] Bad令人不快的,坏的

[C] Unfavourable不利的,有害的 [D] Terrible可怕的,造成极大伤害的 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+形容词辨析 [快速解题]空格处填入的形容词做定语修饰months,意为“…的几个月”。months后面的of…介词结构也做定语后置修饰months,由of后面的一系列名词“starvation、disease、death”可知,这几个月的情况是极其严重的,因此,在四个选项中应选择表示恶劣程度最深的terrible。

[空格设置]terrible的词义和用法比较简单,本题需要考生理解上下文的具体内容做出选择。

[干扰项设置]其他项利用表示“不利的”的形容词设置干扰,考生需结合词语表达含义的程度与具体语境排除干扰。

4.[A] passed通过,经过;消磨,度过

[B] sustained维持(生命、生存)[C] survived生存;幸存,挺过,艰难度过 [D] spent花(时间),度过 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+动词辨析

[快速解题]空格所在部分意为“朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人…那个冬天”。pass常用于指无聊或等人时打发、消磨时间;spend强调以某种方式花时间,常接on sth或in doing sth来表示方式。sustain虽然含有“生存”的意思,但其后常接life或人作宾语,不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有survive,指“艰难挺过那个冬天”,与上一题中的terrible相呼应。[空格设置]本题借survive考查了考生对上下文的理解。例句:I can‟t survive on $40 a week.一星期40美元,我无法维持生活。

[干扰项设置]其他项是利用表示“度过”的动词对survive构成近义干扰,考生要在理解词义的基础上对单词的用法区别掌握。例句:We sang songs to pass the time.我们借唱歌消磨时间。Few planets can sustain life.能够维持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作业用了多长时间? 5.[A] situations情况,状况

[B] environments环境 [C] conditions环境,条件

[D] circumstances条件,状况 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+名词辨析

[快速解题]空格所在部分living 5 意为“生活…”,四个选项都含有“环境,状况”的意思,但是侧重点各有不同。situation强调特定时期和特定地点形势、局面,environments特指影响个体或事物行为或发展的环境,conditions指居住、工作或做事情的环境或条件,circumstances尤其指经济状况。由living以及下文的vegetables、berries等词可知,这里指的是人们的生活条件得到改善,符合文意的为[C]conditions.[篇章分析]○11句至○16句是第一段的第三个层次,指出了朝圣者在新的定居点生活条件得到改善的原因及表现。

[空格设置]conditions本身词义比较简单,但要求考生根据上下文语境排除干扰,作出正确判断。例句:changing economic conditions不断变化的经济状况。

[干扰项设置]其他项利用表示“环境、状况”的名词对conditions形成近义干扰。这几个词虽然含义相近,但用法上各有不同,例句如:We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我们都遇到过类似的尴尬局面。They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.他们创造了一种可以大大提高生产力的环境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.补助金根据经济状况发放。6.[A]strengthened加强,巩固

[B]regained 重新获得,恢复 [C]recovered恢复健康,康复

[D]improved 改进,改善 本题考核的知识点是:动词辨析

[快速解题]空格所在部分的主语是the colonists‟ health,此题的关键是判断哪个动词能与health搭配,并且能与上下文衔接。strengthened指“增强能力或地位等”,不能与health搭配,首先排除。regained意为“恢复”时常做及物动词,不符合文中用法,但是可以说…regained health。recovered本身即意为“恢复健康”,不需要health作主语。符合上下文语义的只有improve,在文中意为“健康得到改善”。

[篇章分析]○16句的主干部分是The colonists‟ health improved,介词with的用法比较特殊,表原因,介宾短语with…解释了health improved的原因。

[空格设置]improve的含义比较简单,但用法很丰富,可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”,如:His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手术后他的生活质量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions提高效率/标准;改善条件。

[干扰项设置]其他项利用考生熟悉的汉语表达法设置干扰。汉语里经常有“恢复健康、增强健康”的表达方式,考生要熟悉英汉两种语言表达方式的区别,排除干扰。例句:Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近几个星期以来,她在党内的地位有所增强。I struggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢复自己的一点儿尊严。He‟s still recovering from his operation.手术后,他仍在恢复之中。7.[A] in

[B] of

[C] over

[D] at 本题考核的知识点是:介词搭配

[快速解题]空格处填入的介词既要与look back搭配,又要能接the past year作宾语。不存在look back in与look back of的用法,首先排除[A]和[B]。look back over与look back at都可意为“回顾”,但look back at后面接具体的时间或事物,look back over后面接特定阶段,显然文中the past year强调的是一个时间段,符合要求的是look back over,代入文中意为“回顾过去的一年”。

[篇章分析]第二段分为两个层次:1○7至○20句是对过去的回顾,2○1至○26句是对未来的展望与准备。○21句句首on the other hand表明了这种今昔对比。

[空格设置]介词over的含义和用法都很丰富,在知识运用的文章中经常出现,考生要结合具体语境掌握该词用法。

[干扰项设置]其他项利用其他可与look搭配的常用介词设置干扰,需要正确理解上下文才排除干扰。8.[A] on

[B] behind

[C] for

[D] beyond 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+介词辨析

[快速解题]空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them,意为“一个大丰收…他们”。由○17句in the fall和○23句ready for the second winter可知,他们在秋天已经取得大丰收,并为第二年冬天做准备。behind意为used to say that sth is in sb‟s past,它代入文中,意为“他们身后是(秋天的)一个大丰收”,即“已经获得了丰收”。其他项与them搭配分别意为“由他们支付”、“为了他们”与“他们无法理解“,均不符合上下文语义,应排除。[篇章分析]2○1句是第二段第二个层次的总起句,指出了对未来的希望。2○2句至段末分别从食物、住所以及人际关系三方面举出了充满希望的原因。

[空格设置]本题通过behind考查了考生对文章内部时间逻辑的把握,及它本身不为考生所熟悉的含义。例句:She has ten years‟ useful experience behind her.她已有十年的经验,能派上用场。[干扰项设置]其他项都是利用常用介词设置的脱离上下文的无关干扰,联系上下文语义不难排除。

9.[A] Best of all最好的是,尤其 [B] For the best出于好意 [C] To their best

[D] All in all总的来说 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系

[快速解题]空格处填入的短语放在句首,体现句子之间的逻辑关系,此题的关键是判断空格前后部分的逻辑关系。to their best短语不存在,首先排除。上文都是讲殖民者为来年做的物质准备,○26句重在强调人际关系方面的改善,体现这种强调关系的只有best of all。[篇章分析]2○6句虽然是一个简单句,但是句子结构比较复杂,主干为they had established a treaty of friendship,句首的best of all与with..,under…,in…三个介宾短语做状语。[空格设置]逻辑关系在知识运用中的考查比重越来越大,需要考生提高语篇结构的分析能力。例句如:Best of all, we don‟t have any homework.最好的是我们没有什么家庭作业了。[干扰项设置]其他项都是利用词形设置的形近干扰。例句:I did it for the best.我是出于好意这么做的。All in all it has been a great success.总的来说,那是个巨大的成功。10.[A] ashore在岸上

[B] around周围 [C] about到处

[D] aboard在(船、车飞机)上 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+副词辨析

[快速解题]空格所在部分意为“当‘五月花号’返回英格兰的时候,没有一名殖民者…”,显然,表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章语义的衔接,为正确选项。其他三项不符合上下文,应排除。

[篇章分析]2○7○28句承接上文,总结指出殖民者生活状况好转,他们在殖民地定居下来。○29句是过渡句,指出他们想要建立一个节日庆祝新的生活,由此引出○30句感恩节的来历。[空格设置]aboard的含义和用法都比较简单,但需要根据上下文进行推断。

[干扰项设置]其他项是利用aboard的形近词设置的干扰,由于都脱离了上下文,不难排除。

三、全文翻译

1620年,一艘被命名为“五月花号”的小帆船离开伦敦驶往新大陆。“五月花号”向位于弗吉尼亚州温暖海岸的詹姆斯顿殖民地行进。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者,他们正在寻找一个地方,在那里他们能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂风和凶猛的暴风雨,“五月花号”迷失了航向。1620年12月份,这一群勇敢的殖民者最终不得不在位于马萨诸塞州岩石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陆。当时正是北方严冬时期,他们将面对的是充满了饥饿、疾病和死亡的极其可怕的几个月。朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人活过了那个冬天。许多妇女把她们少得可怜的口粮留给了自己的孩子,自己却死于饥饿。生活条件在1621年的春天开始改善:有了野菜、浆果和水果以及充足的鱼和野禽。因此,尽管缺乏狩猎、捕鱼的技巧和经验,他们也能够获得足够的新鲜肉类。由于天气变暖和饮食的改善,殖民者们的健康状况得以好转。在秋天,他们回顾了过去的一年,既遗憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下来,人类生命的代价和和悲剧是如此巨大。另一方面,他们看到了未来的新希望。在他们身后是(秋天的)一个大丰收,他们充满自信地为第二个冬天的到来做好了准备。他们有十一所用于抵御严冬的简陋房屋,其中的七所为家庭所有,四所作为公用。最重要的是,在马萨索特酋长的监管下,他们在夏天与其印第安邻居订立了友好协定。林地和森林变安全了。那年夏天,当“五月花号”返回英格兰的时候,船上没有一名殖民者。在他们定居新家的第一年年底,这些朝圣者想以一个真正的节日来庆祝,这便是他们的第一个感恩节。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can‟t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you‟re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you.I‟m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren‟t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you.I want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are off--both eager to look for exactly what you want.①It‟s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary;they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America.I‟m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I‟m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree.That‟s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier.I‟d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don‟t just sit there taking in ideas--you do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one‟s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、词汇

1.make no difference没有...作用或影响

2.specific a.明确的 3.suppose v.假设,以为,认为

4.at random随便地,任意地 5.happen to(do sth)碰巧(做某事)

6.skim v.略读 7.react to对...做出反应

8.take in接受,理解

二、长难句

1.It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can‟t remember it.该句的主干为It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to realize that …,that引导的从句做realize的宾语。宾语从句为主从复合句,句末为if引导的条件状语从句,主干为it makes no difference,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的what you read or study。

翻译:如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西,那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了,这一点毫不出奇。

三、文章结构分析

这篇文章主要探讨阅读和学习中记忆的方法。文章段落分散,语言平实易懂,总体可以分为三个部分。

第一部分为第一段,提出现象:指出记忆对于阅读或学习的重要性,并且记忆需要聪明的方法。

第二部分为第二至五段,叙述帮助记忆的方法之一:有目的或有原因的阅读。以购物过程和阅读过程做类比说明,有目的或有原因的阅读可以帮助读者获得明确信息并进行良好记忆。第三部分为第六至八段,论述阅读的过程——理解内容和批判性地思考评估内容,而后者又包括区分事实与观点

2018考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析

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