第一篇：高中必修3英语课文逐句翻译(外研版)

1.必修三MODULE 1 Europe欧洲 a landmark in Paris巴黎的标志性建筑 an art gallery in Florence佛罗伦萨的美术馆 a church in Barcelona巴塞罗那的教堂 a building in Athens雅典的一座建筑 The Eiffel Tower埃菲尔铁塔 The Parthenon帕台农神庙 The Uffizi Palace乌菲齐美术馆 The Sagrada Familia圣家大教堂 Great European Cities欧洲大城市 PARIS巴黎

Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine.It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.巴黎是法国的首都，也是法国最大的城市，坐落在塞纳河畔。巴黎是世界上最漂亮的城市之一，每年有超过八百万的游客来这里旅游。

The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris.One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris.最受游客欢迎的旅游景点是埃菲尔铁塔，它是巴黎著名的象征。世界上最大的美术馆之一——卢浮宫，也在巴黎。

The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres.About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris.这个城市也以餐馆、咖啡馆和剧院而闻名。法国大约三分之二的艺术家和作家都生活在巴黎。

BARCELONA巴塞罗那

Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital, Madrid.巴塞罗那是西班牙的第二大城市，它位于西班牙东北海岸，大概在离西班牙首都马德里东边五百千米的地方。

One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.巴塞罗那最著名的标志性建筑之一就是由建筑师安东尼奥.高迪建造的圣家大教堂。

Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.The church hasn't been finished yet!高迪从1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年逝世，这座家庙还没有竣工。FLORENCE佛罗伦萨

Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.佛罗伦萨是意大利的一座城市，这座城市因文艺复兴而变得著名。文艺复兴是一次大型的文艺运动，开始于13世纪，持续了三百年。

During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence.在文艺复兴时期，历史上一些最伟大的画家在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.佛罗伦萨很多非常漂亮的油画和雕塑都是由伟大的艺术家如莱昂纳多?达?芬奇和米开朗琪罗创作的。

Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums.The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.每年大约有一百万的游客来佛罗伦萨参观美术馆、教堂和博物馆，乌菲齐美术馆是这座城市最著名的美术馆。ATHENS雅典

Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.雅典是希腊的首都，作为西方文明的发祥地而闻名于世。

Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city.2400年前，雅典是世界上最强大的城市，Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period.Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens.Their work has influenced other writers ever since.像位于雅典卫城山的帕台农神庙这样的建筑等就是在那个时期建造的。希腊最优秀的作家就住在古雅典，他们的作品影响了后世的作家。

2.必修三Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries发展中国家与发达国家 What did world leaders agree to do in 2000? 2000年各国领导人达成了什么协议？ What does the Human Development Index measure? 衡量人类发展的尺度是什么？ What are the first two Development Goals? 最初的两个发展目标是什么？ What progress have we made towards these goals? 我们朝着这些目标取得了哪些进步？

What do developed countries need to do? 发达国家需要做些什么？ The Human Development Report人类发展报告

In the year 2000,147 world leaders agree to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier.From this agreement came the Human Development Report.2000年，147个国家领导人达成协议，一起努力到2015年甚至更早缓解贫困，这个协议达成后接下来便产生了《人类发展报告》。

One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index.This examines the achievements of 175 countries.这个报告最重要的一部分就是“人类发展指标”，这对175个国家的成果作了分析检测。

The Index measures a country's achievements in three ways: life expectancy(how long people usually live),education and income.The index has some surprises.Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.这项指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命（人们通常能活多久）、教育和收入。这项指标显示了一些令人感到意外的情况。挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。

The other top five countries are: Iceland(2), Sweden(3), Australia(4), the Netherlands(5).中间五个国家按名次分别是冰岛、瑞典、澳大利亚和荷兰，The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list.英国位居第十三，而中国排在名单的中间。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，西非的塞拉利昂排在最后。

The report describes eight Development Goals.The most important goals are to: 这个报告描述了八个发展目标，最重要的目标是： reduce poverty and hunger;缓解贫穷和饥饿；

make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;确保11岁以上的孩子都能接受教育；

fight AIDS and other diseases;战胜艾滋病和其他疾病

improve the environment of poor people, e.g.make sure they have safe drinking water;改善穷人的生活环境，如确保他们都喝上安全健康的饮用水； encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。

The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development.For example, in nine years(1953-1962),China increased life expectancy by 13 years.2003年的《人类发展报告》报告了几个发展成功的实例，譬如，在九年（1953-1962）的时间里，中国的人均寿命就增加了13岁；

In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty.However, the challenges are still great.在过去的十年中，中国有1.5亿人摆脱了贫穷，然而，仍然还存在着很大的挑战。Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry.Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa.在发展中国家每天仍有7.99亿人处于饥饿中，这些人中有一半是南亚或者非洲的；

Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated.虽然发展中国家超过80%的孩子能上小学，但是仍然有1.15亿的孩子没有接受教育；

More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water.在发展中国家还有超过一百万的人喝不到安全健康的饮用水，However, in other regions of the world, e.g.Eastern Europe,water is now mostly safe to drink.但是在世界的其他地区，如东欧，水已经基本上可以安全饮用了。

The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示我们正在进步，但是我们必须作出更大的努力。

Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more.虽然发达国家提供了一些经济救援，但是提供救援的数量应该大大增加。Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.有趣的是，给予最多经济资助的国家分别是荷兰、挪威和瑞典。

These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.这几个国家都是世界上最富裕的五个国家中的，所以它们应该这么做的。

3.必修三Module 3 The Violence of Nature自然的暴行

The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current which starts in the Gulf of Mexico and flows northeast across the Atlantic.It also travels past the east coast of the United States towards eastern Canada.It is one of the strongest currents anywhere in the world.Because of the Gulf Stream, The United Kingdom and other places in Europe are much warmer than parts of Canada on the same latitude.墨西哥湾流是发源于墨西哥湾，穿过大西洋向东北流动的温暖洋流。它还沿着美国东海岸向加拿大东部流动。它是世界上最强大的一股水流。因为有墨西哥湾流，英国和欧洲其他地方比处于同纬度的加拿大很多地区更暖和。What Is a Tornado?龙卷风是什么？

A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour.最强的龙卷风风速超过400千米每小时

Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.，几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的得克萨斯州到北部的达科他。

Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street--or even in the next town.龙卷风可以卷起汽车、火车甚至是房子并把它们卷到旁边的街道——甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。

They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.它们可以将猫背上的皮毛和鸡身上的羽毛拔下来，They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.它们可以摧毁房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。

On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.美国平均每年会发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri,Illinois and Indiana.最严重的一次龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。

By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2700多人受伤。What Is a Hurricane?飓风是什么？

Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.飓风是强烈的热带风暴，它们通常发生在大西洋南部、加勒比海和墨西哥湾。There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods.猛烈的飓风以120千米每小时甚至更快的速度移动，引起巨大的波浪，大雨和洪水。

There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.平均每年会发生6次大西洋飓风，通常会影响美国东部海岸从得克萨斯州到缅因州。

The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas.最严重的飓风灾害是1900年9月8日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿，Winds of 200 kilometers per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city.飓风以200千米每小时的速度卷起5米高的波浪向城市袭来，The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.那次灾害夺去了37000人口中的6000条人命，摧毁了3600栋建筑物。An Extraordinary Event非比寻常的事件

This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.这是一个关于1900年的加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。

Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada.查尔斯·科格伦是19世纪一位居住在加拿大的爱尔兰演员，He then moved to New York, where he became famous.By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.那时，他搬到纽约并在那里出了名，19世纪90年代后期，他搬到了加尔维斯顿，并于1899年，也就是飓风来袭的前一年去世。

The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.埋葬科格伦的公墓被飓风摧毁了，科格伦的棺材最后被卷入了大海。Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada.八年之后，科格伦的棺材在加拿大东部的爱德华王子岛省被一位渔夫在离他家不远的海里发现了。

The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island.墨西哥湾流载着它漂了3000千米沿着美国东海岸漂到了爱德华王子岛省。Coghlan travelled back to Canada--after he had been buried in Texas!被葬在得克萨斯州后，科格伦又漂回了加拿大。

4.必修三MODULE 4 Sandstorms in Asia亚洲沙尘暴

Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.几个世纪以来，沙尘暴已经成为很多亚洲国家的严重灾害。

Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.科学家已经想了很多办法来解决这个问题，在中国，已经开展了一场帮助解决沙尘暴问题的大型战争。

Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.沙尘暴是带有沙石和尘土的强大而干燥的风。沙尘暴通常很浓密以至于人们都看不见太阳，有时候，风的强度大到可以掀动沙丘。

The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia.Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.世界上四个主要的有沙尘暴的地方是：亚洲中部、北美、非洲中部和澳大利亚。来自内蒙古的任建波描述了他小时候在沙漠中经历过的一次严重的沙尘暴，“To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said.“There was nothing to be done.“被困在沙尘暴中是一种很可怕的经历，”他说，“什么也干不了，It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in.You just had to hope you'd survive.I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.” 那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况，你只能希望自己能够幸存，我原以为我会消失在沙石底下。”

Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia.Sandstorms begin in desert areas.中国西北是亚洲中央沙尘暴中心的一部分。沙尘暴开始于沙漠地带，Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.近年来因为“沙漠化”，中国发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。

This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.这是发生在由于气候变化以及人们砍伐树木、开垦草地等使得陆地变成沙漠时的过程。

Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust.有时候沙尘暴会影响北京，市民醒来时，发现昏黄的天空，狂风夹着黄沙在城里肆虐。

The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.暴风有时持续一整天，因为浓密的尘土降低了能见度，所以车辆等开得很慢。

The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.中国中央气象台在沙尘暴到达北京前的几个星期就能预见到，但是风暴的威力有时是惊人的。

When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out.Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says，当沙尘暴到达一个城市时，专家会建议人们不要出门。居住在北京的黄小梅说； “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.The winds are very strong.It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask.” “在沙尘暴中骑车是很可怕的，风力非常强，很难呼吸，而且尘土会让我得病，所以如果你想出门，最好带上面罩。”

The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing.To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.沙漠位于北京西边距离北京仅仅250千米，为了防止沙漠进一步向北京延伸，政府正在植树。

Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.目前政府已经种了超过三十亿棵树，而且计划在接下来的五年中继续植树。

5.必修三MODULE 5 Philosophers of Ancient China中国古代的哲学家 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius(551BC-479BC)is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。孔子（公元前551--公元前479）是影响最大的哲学家。

He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受孔子学说的影响已长达两千多年。

Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年，His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother, He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state.自小就丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。他成为儒家弟子，并在一个国家政府谋得很重要的职位。However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned.For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius.He then became an adviser to another ruler.但是当他发现统治者并不听从他的建议时，他辞职了。好几年的时间，他周游列国，宣扬儒家学说。然后他又成为了另一个统治者的顾问。

He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.他晚年一直在准备记载他自己学说的书《孟子》。

Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为人区别于动物的本质就是人是性善的。

He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good.He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.他主张“仁政”、“王道”，提倡“民为重，君为轻”，反对暴政。

Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。墨子于公元前476年出生于一个贫苦家庭。He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.他因为不同寻常的服装和行为举止而出名。墨子创立了墨家学派，In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.For example, he considered that government was most important.As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.他的理论在某些方面和孔子的理论相似。例如，他认为统治非常重要，因此他花了好多年努力寻找一个人们愿意听从他的理论的国家。

Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.墨子认为人人都是平等的，他主张的“兼爱”与孔子的“仁爱”不同。Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.He hated the idea of war.Mozi died in 390 BC.墨子认为我们必须爱护所有的人，照顾比我们弱小的人。墨子反对统治者发动的侵略战争。墨子逝世于公元前390年。

第二篇：高中英语必修4课文逐句翻译(外研版)

1.必修四Module1 The City of the Future未来城市

What will the city of the future look like? 未来的城市会是什么样子呢？ No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business.没有人确切的了解，预测也是一件很危险的事情。But one thing is certain---they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---他们将会先变大，然后再变小。In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out.在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources.我们将会使用大量的可回收材料，例如，塑料、铝、钢铁、玻璃、木头和纸。我们浪费自然资源的程度将会有所减弱。We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖其他能源。例如，太阳能和风能。All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.所有的这些似乎是肯定的，但是还有许多关于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。

To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025.为了获知年轻人对未来城市生活的想法，美国得克萨斯州的一位大学老师让他的学生思考如何管理一个在2025 年拥有5万人口的城市，Here are some of the ideas they had:下面是他们的一些构想: Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.垃圾船:为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，朝太阳射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境间题。

Batman Nets：Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.勤务兵网:警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是用枪。

Forget smoking：No smoking will be allowed 'within a future city's limits.Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.戒烟:在未来城市范围内将禁止吸烟。只有在郊区和户外才允许吸烟。Forget the malls：In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.告别商厦:将来所有的购物将会在网上进行，商品目录将会有语音指令来排序。

Telephones for life：Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change 'no matter where they live.电话人生:每个人一出生就会给予一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会更改。

Recreation：All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city.娱乐:所有的娱乐形式，例如，电影院、保龄球、垒球、音乐会和其他等等都将由该市政府免费提供。

Cars：All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the color of cars at the flick of a switch.汽车:所有的汽车部将由电能、太阳能或风能提供动力，并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。Tele-surgery：Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own tele-surgery outpatient clinic.远程手术:随着每个城市拥有自己的远程手术门诊部，医生将能在数千里以外实施手术，远程手术将会变得十分普通。

Holidays at home：Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head.居家度假:年长的市民和残疾人通过使用绑在头上的高新技术相机可以周游世界。

Space travel：Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common.Each city will have its own spaceport.太空邀游:普通市民邀游太空将会变得很平常，每个城市都将有自己的太空港。

2.必修四Module 2 Getting Around in Beijing行在北京 Taxis出租车

Taxis are on the streets 24 hours a day.北京大街上的出租车是24小时服务的。Simply raise your hand.and a taxi appears in no time.只要你招招手，立刻就会有出租车。They are usually red, and they display the price per kilometer on the window.它们通常都是红色车身，并且在车窗上显示每公里的路价。You should check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.你要做的，就是确认司机有营运照，并且索要发票。Buses and trolleybuses公交车和电车

Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.公共交通为人们游览北京提供了低价位的出行方式。There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded.北京大约有两万多辆公交车和电车，但是，它们有时会很拥挤。It's a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour(6:30 am and 8:00 am and 5:00 pm and 6:30 pm).最明智的做法是避免在高峰期(上午6:00一8:00，下午5:00一6:30)乘坐公交车和电车。Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan.这些车车票价格便宜，一元起价。Air-conditioned buses cost more.空调车则要贵一些。

Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre.公交线1到100路部是仅限于市中心内的，Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs.车号更高一些的线路，可以通达郊区。Tourists shouldn't miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes, past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park.对于游人来说，最不该错过的是103路电车，它途经紫禁城和北海白塔，沿途风景令人印象深刻。If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs.如果你乘坐双层公共汽车，请务必坐在上层，You'll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.这样你会一览这个飞速发展城市的亮丽风景。Most buses run from about 5:00 am to midnight.However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s.Minibuses小公共汽车

Minibuses with seats for12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas.在一些地区，这种12个座位的小型公共汽车给人们在昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共汽车外，提供了第三种选择。They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses.它们跟大公共汽车走同样的路线，提供有规律的服务。And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours.在小公共汽车上，即使在高峰期也能找到空位。Underground地铁

There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction.北京有四条地铁线，还有几条线也正在建设之中。Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible.地铁方便快捷，但在高峰期，情况会很糟糕。A one-way trip costs 3 yuan.地铁票价单程为三元，Station names are marked in pinyin.站名拼音标注，The underground is open from 5:00 am to 11:00 pm.运营时间为上午5点到晚上11点。Pedi cabs三轮脚踏车

Tourists like these human-pedaled “tricycle taxis”, but they can be expensive.游客们喜欢这些人力驱动的“三轮脚踏车”，但价格可能会较贵。You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, for example, if it is per person, single or return.因此坐之前要先弄清楚价格，明确价钱是否按人数计算、是单程还是往返双程的问题。Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys(hutong)of old Beijing.如果想去老北京的胡同探秘，三轮脚踏车绝对是值得一坐的。

3.必修四Module 3 Body language身势语

If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences.Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.Indeed, body positions are part of what we call “body language”.说起“交流”，大多数人会想到单词或句子，虽然单词与句子十分重要，但我们并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流，身体的姿态是我们所称的“身势语”的一部分。We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “learned” body language, which varies from culture to culture.我们经常看到无意识的身势语，但也有“习得”的身势语。习得的身势语在不同的文化中各不相同。We use “learned” body language when we are introduced to strangers.当我们被介绍给生人时，我们使用 “习得的”身势语。Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.跟动物一样，我们会保持警觉，直至知道安全的时候才放松。So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive.因此，在所有的文化中人们都有一种向陌生人打招呼的正规的方式，以表示他们并不具有侵犯倾向。Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands.欧美人的传统是握手，They do this with the right hand---the strongest hand for most people.他们用右手握手---右手对多数人来说更有力一些。If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.假如右手用于忙着与人打招呼就不可能握武器。So the gesture is saying, “I trust you.Look, I'm not carrying a threatening weapon.” 因此，这种手势的意思是 “我信任你，瞧，我没带威胁性的武器”，If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them.假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他们。We shake hands when we make a deal.It means, “We agree and we trust each other.” 我们在做交易时与人握手，意思就是 “我们达成了协议，相互信任”

Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的，但他们要用手。Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly.与人打招呼时，中国人的传统方式;右手放在左手上，拱手，稍稍躬身而行礼。Muslims give a “salaam”, where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead.穆斯林行额手鞠躬礼，用手触左胸、嘴和额。Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect.印度，双手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.在上述例子中，手部在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。

Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust.即使是现在，人们在非正式场合打招呼时，还会用手来表示信任对方。American youths often greet each other with the expression, “Give me five!” 美国青年常常说，“击掌” 来打招呼。One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.说完后这个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's open hand above the head in a “high five”.另一个人同样举起手，拍打对方举过头顶的手。Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting.这是现代常见的打招呼方式。Body language is fascinating for anyone to study.身势语对于任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.人们通过姿势表达的意思要比通过话语表达巧更多。Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!看看你的朋友和家人，你能洞悉他们的心思吗?

4.必修四Module 4 The Student Who Asked Questions问问题的学生 In a hungry world rice is a staple food and China is the world’s largest producer.在当前的世界，水稻是主要食粮。中国是世界上最大的水稻产地。Rice is also grown in may other Asian countries, and in some European counties like Italy.亚洲其他国家和一些欧洲国家比如意大利等，也种植水稻。In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading key.在水稻种植界，中国科学家袁隆平是一位重要人士。

Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.袁隆平生长在中国。As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, “the student who asks questions”.小时候，他在许多学校读过书，得了个“问问题的学生”的绰号。From an early age he was interested in plants.袁隆平从小就对植物感兴趣。He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding.他在大学里研究农学。作为一个年轻的教师，他开始了作物育种的实验。He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他想，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。He thought there was only one way to do this-----by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.他认为，唯一的办法是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样就能产生比原先任何一种水稻产量部要高的新品种。

First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice.首先，袁隆平对不同种类的水稻进行实验。The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966.1966年，他的研究成果在中国发表。Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant.接着，他开始寻找一种特殊的稻种。It had to be male.It had to be sterile.这种稻种必须是雄性的，必须是不结果的(译者注:它属于生物学所称的“雄性不育系”)。Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered.最后，在1970年，一种天然的雄性不育稻种被发现，This was the breakthrough.这是一个突破性的发现。Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.全国各地的研究者们被召集在一起开发新的水稻种。The research was supported by the government.研究得到了政府的赞助。As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's.由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。There were other advantages too.50 thousand square kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.还有其他的益处，5万平方公里原来的稻田现在被用来种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。Following this, Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.除此以外，袁隆平研制的水稻还出口到巴基斯坦和菲律宾等国家。In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country.在巴基斯坦，水稻是继小麦之后的第二种最重要的作物并将在许多地方种植。The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.中国袁隆平高科技农业公司已开发出一种新的杂交水稻。Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.这种杂交水稻的产量远高于种植于巴基斯的坦其他种类的水稻。

5.必修四Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges三峡之旅

In August1996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Puling on the Yangtze River.1996年8月，一位年轻的美国英语教师彼得·赫斯勒，来到长江之滨的涪陵。He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院任教两年。They were the only foreigners in the town.整个城里只有他们两名外国人。The first semester finished at the end of January and they had four weeks off for the Spring Festival.They could go anywhere they wished.元月底，第一学期结束了，他们有四周的春节假期，可以随处旅游。They decided to take a boat downstream.他们决定顺流而下。

We decided to buy tickets for the jiangyou boat.我们打算买到“江油号”的船票。Our colleagues said, “You shouldn't go on those ships.同事们说:”你们不要坐那种船。They are very crowded.它们太拥挤，They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river.主要是用来运货的。乘客多是沿江做生意的人。They don't stop at the temples and there won't be any other foreigners.“ 那些船不停靠庙宇，也不会有别的外国游人乘坐。” That sounded fine to me.我觉得听起来还不错。We just had to show our passports and they let us get on the boat.我们出示护照后便上了船。

We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon.在一个美丽的午后，我们离开码头。The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region.当我们顺流而下穿过山区的时候，阳光很灿烂。Men rode bamboo rafts along the river's edge and coal boats went past.男人们乘坐着江边的竹筏，运煤的小船来来往往。As the sun set we docked at Fengdu.太阳落山时，我们的船在丰都靠岸。We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda.It was beautiful.我们目睹太阳在白塔后西沉，美丽极了。

We slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge.穿过长江第一峡崔塘峡时，我们正在睡梦中。The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains.江水在两英里高的峰峦间奔流，峡谷窄处只有巧350英尺。“Oh, well,” my friend said, “at least we have two more left.” 我朋友说:“至少我们能看见另外两个峡谷。”

As Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges.船到巫山时，我们绕道溯游大宁河，观赏了几处小峡谷。The next day we went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River.第二天，我们经过了长江的大峡谷。It was a lovely morning as we went through the Wu Gorge.在一个美丽的上午轮船驶过巫峡。We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet.我们还经过了湘江，那是公元前三世纪一位诗人---屈原的家乡。There was so much history along the Yangtze River.长江有太多的历史。Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past.块块巨石形象各异，条条支流部流淌着传说，座座小山承载着过往。

As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam.穿过长江第三峡西陵峡后，轮船驶入大坝建设处的江面。All the passengers came on deck.We took pictures and pointed at the site, but we weren't allowed to get off the boat.所有的乘客都上了甲板，大家拍照片，对着工地指指点点，但不可以下船。The Chinese flag was blowing in the wind.五星红旗在风中飘扬着。On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters.“Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River,” it said.远山上写着20英尺大的汉字“建造三峡大坝，开发长江资源”。

6.必修四Module 6 The Monster of the Lake Tianchi天池里的怪物 The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings.在最近儿次露面后，中国东北吉林省长白山的“天池怪物”又成了新闻。The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in color, was ten meters from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting.据当地的的旅游办室主任盂凡迎介绍，最近有人看见怪物就在离湖边十米的地方，怪物的颜色似乎是黑色的。“It jumped out of the water like a seal---about 200 people on Changbai's western peak saw it,” he said.他说:“大约有两百多人从长白山的西峰看见过怪物，它像海豹一样跃出水面。”Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xuejunlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse.尽管谁也没有清楚这神秘怪物的真面目，但当地一位摄影师薛俊林声称:怪物的头看起来像马头。“

In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water.最近另有一次，一群战士证实:他们看见湖的水面上有东西在游动。The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake, watched the creature swimming for about two minutes.正在湖边行走的战士看见怪物游弋了大约两分钟。”It was greenish-black and had a round head with lo-centimeter horns“, one of the soldiers said.其中一名战士说;”怪物的颜色浅绿带黑，圆形的头上有十厘米左右的角。"

A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family.又一次报导来自李小和，当时他和家人正在湖边游玩。He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.After three or four hundred meters it ped into the water.他说他看见圆形黑色的东西在湖面快速游过三四百米后潜人水中。Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action.十分钟后，怪物再次出现，并重复了相同的动作。Mr.Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.李小和先生说他和家人看清楚了怪物，因为当时天气好，湖水平静。There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up.自上世纪初以来，一直就有关于天池怪物的报导，尽管还不曾有人近距离目睹过。Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away.虽然拍有怪物的一些照片，但由于距离太远，看起来模糊不清。Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland.许多人认为，天池里的怪物或许是苏格兰尼斯湖中怪物的远亲。They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world.他们还认为，在世界其他地方的湖泊中可能也有类似的怪物。Scientists, however, are skeptical.然而，科学家们表示怀疑。They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.他们说，温度低的湖中不可能存活如此大的生物。

Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world.It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres.In places it is more than 370 metres deep.天池是世界上最高的火山湖，海拔2，189米，面积有10平方公里，有的地方水深达370米。

第三篇：外研版高中英语必修4Module1-Module6 Cultural Corner课文逐句翻译

M1-M6 B4 Cultural Corner 课文逐句翻译

M1B4 Cultural Corner Famous Last Words没有实现的著名预言

Not all predictions come true.并非所有的预言都能成真。Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong.许多预言是错的，并且有些还是大错特错。Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:下面就是人们在20世纪对21世纪所作出的一些错误的预言： AIRPLANES飞机

“No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris.”“将不会有从纽约飞往巴黎的飞机。”

Orville Wright, 1908.奥维尔·赖特，1908。

COMPUTERS电脑

“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.”“我认为将会有一个大约有五台电脑的世界市场。”

Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943.托马斯·沃森，IBM主席，1943。

CLOTHES衣服

“Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times.”“从现在起30年后人们将穿纸制的衣服，穿过两三次后就可以把它们扔掉。”

Changing Times Magazine, 1957.《流年杂志》，1957。

MEN ON THE MOON月球上的人类

“With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when they're on the moon.”“因为预测在20世纪70年代会有第一批到月球的移民，现在正在修建几种类型的建筑物，当人类在月球上时，他们需要住在里面。”

Arnold B.Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962.阿诺德·B.贝拉克在《未来变化》中，1962。

THE BEATLES甲壳虫乐队

“We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out.”“我们不喜欢他们的歌声，吉他音乐即将过时。”

Decca Recording Co.rejecting the Beatles, 1962.反对甲壳虫乐队的台卡唱片公司，1962。

ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE家庭机器人

“By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about.”“到2000年之前，家庭主妇们可能会有一个盒状的机器人，它的顶部有一只大眼睛，它还有几只胳膊和手，身体两边还有又长又窄的用来四处移动的脚。”

New York Times, 1966.《纽约时报》，1966。

KEYS钥匙

“By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there won't be any keys.”“到20纪世80年代中期人们将没有必要把钥匙藏在门口的擦鞋垫下面了，因为那时将不会有钥匙了。”

Computer scientist Christopher Evans，The Micro Millennium, 1979.电脑科学家克里斯多弗埃文斯，《微机黄金时代》，1979。

M1B4 Cultural Corner Famous Last Words Not all predictions come true.Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong.Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century: AIRPLANES “No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris.”

Orville Wright, 1908.COMPUTERS “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.”

Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943.CLOTHES “Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times.”

Changing Times Magazine, 1957.MEN ON THE MOON “With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when they're on the moon.”

Arnold B.Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962.THE BEATLES “We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out.”

Decca Recording Co.rejecting the Beatles, 1962.ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE “By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about.”

New York Times, 1966.KEYS “By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there won't be any keys.”

Computer scientist Christopher Evans，The Micro Millennium, 1979.M1B4 Cultural Corner译文

没有实现的著名预言 并非所有的预言都能成真。许多预言是错的，并且有些还是大错特错。下面就是人们在20世纪对21世纪所作出的一些错误的预言： 飞机

“将不会有从纽约飞往巴黎的飞机。” 奥维尔·赖特，1908。电脑

“我认为将会有一个大约有五台电脑的世界市场。” 托马斯·沃森，IBM主席，1943。衣服

“从现在起30年后人们将穿纸制的衣服，穿过两三次后就可以把它们扔掉。” 《流年杂志》，1957。月球上的人类

“因为预测在20世纪70年代会有第一批到月球的移民，现在正在修建几种类型的建筑物，当人类在月球上时，他们需要住在里面。”

阿诺德·B.贝拉克在《未来变化》中，1962。甲壳虫乐队

“我们不喜欢他们的歌声，吉他音乐即将过时。” 反对甲壳虫乐队的台卡唱片公司，1962。家庭机器人

“到2000年之前，家庭主妇们可能会有一个盒状的机器人，它的顶部有一只大眼睛，它还有几只胳膊和手，身体两边还有又长又窄的用来四处移动的脚。”

《纽约时报》，1966。钥匙

“到20纪世80年代中期人们将没有必要把钥匙藏在门口的擦鞋垫下面了，因为那时将不会有钥匙了。”

电脑科学家克里斯多弗埃文斯，《微机黄金时代》，1979。

M2B4 Cultural Corner

The London Congestion Charge伦敦的交通拥堵费

Beijing isn't the only city with traffic problems.北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的城市。You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria.发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, 但甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USA's most congested city.一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是美国交通最拥挤的城市。

In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, 大多数欧洲的首都城市在小汽车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time.因此市中心的堵车长久以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用

50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”—a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.200

3年2月，伦敦市长肯•利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。

The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay £5 a day.想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交5英镑的费用。Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m.司机们可以在晚上10点之前在首都的10000个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of £80.不缴费者将会面临80英磅的罚款。Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom...他们承认伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由„„

But does the congestion charge work? 但是“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.2003

年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent.仅仅只是6个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约30%，旅程的次数减少了15%。More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular.更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然流行起来。What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。

But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.但是，有些人认为收费应该更高，（因为）像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty.这（收费更高）会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中心，道路也几乎会是空的。However, there are no plans to increase the charge.但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。

M2B4 Cultural Corner译文

M2B4 Cultural Corner The London Congestion Charge Beijing isn't the only city with traffic problems.You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria.But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USA's most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time.The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues, became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”—a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay £5 a day.Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m.As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of £80.Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom...But does the congestion charge work? A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent.More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular.What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty.However, there are no plans to increase the charge.M2B4 Cultural Corner译文 伦敦的交通拥堵费

北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的城市。在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。但甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是美国交通最拥挤的城市。大多数欧洲的首都城市在小汽车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，因此市中心的堵车长久以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。2003年2月，伦敦市长肯•利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交5英镑的费用。司机们可以在晚上10点之前在首都的10000个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。不缴费者将会面临80英磅的罚款。

大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。他们承认伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由„„

但是“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？2003年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。仅仅只是6个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约30%，旅程的次数减少了15%。更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然流行起来。更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。

但是，有些人认为收费应该更高，（因为）像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。这（收费更高）会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中心，道路也几乎会是空的。但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。

M3 B4 Cultural Corner

Clapping鼓掌

Why do we clap? 我们为什么鼓掌？To show we like something, of course.当然是为了表示我们喜欢某件东西。But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are.但不论一个电视节目或一本书有多好，在结束时我们都不鼓掌。We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers.我们在现场表演，如戏剧或音乐会结束时鼓掌，以表示对演出者的感谢。First they give, and then we give.首先他们给予精彩的表演，然后我们给予热烈的掌声。Without us—the audience—the performance would not be complete.没有我们——观众——表演就是不完整的。

The custom of clapping has early beginnings.鼓掌的习俗很早就开始了。In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part.在古代雅典，掌声意味着评判和参与。Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win.戏剧常常是彼此竞争的，延长的掌声可以帮助某出戏剧获胜。The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people,剧场很大——可容纳14000人，half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.是城市成年男性人口的一半，这就意味着观众们可以制造出很多声响。

Applause was a sign of being part of the community, and of equality between actors and audience.掌声是一个人成为团体一员的标志，是演员与观众平等的标志。The important thing was to make the noise together, to add one's own small handclap to others.重要的是整齐地制造声响，将一个人微弱的鼓掌声与其他人的融合起来。Clapping is social, like laughter:鼓掌具有其社会性，就像笑声： you don't very often clap or laugh out loud alone.你独自一人时不会经常鼓掌或大笑。It is like laughter in another way, too:鼓掌在另一方面也很像笑声： it is infectious, and spreads very quickly.会传染，而且传播得很快。Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit.在音乐会上和剧场里鼓掌是世界性的习惯。But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.但是每个国家人们鼓掌的习惯在某些场合是不同的。For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.例如，在英国人们在婚礼上鼓掌，而在意大利人们有时会在葬礼上鼓掌。

M3 B4 Cultural Corner

Clapping Why do we clap? To show we like something, of course.But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are.We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers.First they give, and then we give.Without us—the audience—the performance would not be complete.The custom of clapping has early beginnings.In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part.Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win.The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.Applause was a sign of being part of the community, and of equality between actors and audience.The important thing was to make the noise together, to add one's own small handclap to others.Clapping is social, like laughter: you don't very often clap or laugh out loud alone.It is like laughter in another way, too: it is infectious, and spreads very quickly.Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit.But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.M3B4 Cultural Corner译文

鼓掌

我们为什么鼓掌？当然是为了表示我们喜欢某件东西。但不论一个电视节目或一本书有多好，在结束时我们都不鼓掌。我们在现场表演，如戏剧或音乐会结束时鼓掌，以表示对演出者的感谢。首先他们给予精彩的表演，然后我们给予热烈的掌声。没有我们——观众——表演就是不完整的。

鼓掌的习俗很早就开始了。在古代雅典，掌声意味着评判和参与。戏剧常常是彼此竞争的，延长的掌声可以帮助某出戏剧获胜。剧场很大——可容纳14000人，是城市成年男性人口的一半，这就意味着观众们可以制造出很多声响。掌声是一个人成为团体一员的标志，是演员与观众平等的标志。重要的是整齐地制造声响，将一个人微弱的鼓掌声与其他人的融合起来。鼓掌具有其社会性，就