第一篇：新东方考研近义词及高频词总结(全)

predominance-----advantage,upside handcap------disadvantage at a loss------puzzle,confuse diminish-----lessen assault----attack sly----clever, hidden ample----abundant get on in life----succeed swiftly----quickly frown on-----disagree contention-------argue,debate find fault with-----criticize beyond disbute----believing stationary-------standstill detrimental-------harmful affiliate-----branch disregard------neglect,overlook in sympathy with----agree with perish----die, disappear properous----flourish panick----fearful for sure---certainly outrage---indignation, grievance surge-----soar shield----shelter,protect resort to---turn to weather-----experience rather than-----other than keep abreast of-----catch on well off----wealthy infringement------harm deceive-----deceptive side with----support liability----responsibility likewise-----similarly tedious---monotonous,boring toil---work hard(辛苦地工作)

apart from-----except ,in addition to proponent------sponsor ,supporter free from------without question--------challenge ,defy precision--------accuracy, exact tilt---------slope ,lean toward one side cater to------fit suit personal-------inpidual, private eventually-----finally by virtue of------due to, owing to possess----------own, share postpone---------delay outweigh----------surpass proof------evidence enhance-----------strengthen advance----------raise , move forward identify--------recognize rash----------increase ,large number debate---------controversy condition-------control, influence allegiance--------loyalty abandon--------give up ,desert superficial--------not deep ,on the surface absorb---------take in, comprehend temporary----------short termed coordinated----------cooperative hazard--------danger soar------go up ,expand ,rocket stand out--------popular, outstanding distrust-------suspect, doubt get acquainted with--------be familial with concern--------worry try out-------investigate intelligent-------gifted focus on--------concentrate on, emphasize ward off---------stop, prevent hospitable--------friendly inclined-----------tend to ,likely protect---------shelter, shield vanish-------disappear emerge----------appear, turn up be aware of-------be conscious of distinguish from--------differ from involve--------include emphasize---------stress rely on-------depend on be conditioned to------be accustomed to lack of-------lose distract--------draw attention from substitute------replace advocate-------support, sponsor adolescent-------teenager decline-------drop, cut, lower,shrink,curb,lessen,diminish,decelerate deceive--------deceitful, deceptive, dishonest on the line,on the ropes-------in danger employee------staff, worker drown--------die under the water new-----novel sufficient-----abundant cause--------bring about yearly-------annual same--------identical expect------anticipate overcome------conquer unwilling-------reluctant permanent-----------everlasting be attached to-------be fond of take part in--------participate by chance-------by accident, accidentally vulnerable------easily affected scrutiny-------observe carefully aboard 这些词汇是进入考研阅读的最基本词汇,希望 abroad 大家认真查阅他们的基本含义,可以不会写,但是 absorb 必须要认识,知其意.abundant abuse accelerate access accommodation accord account accumulate accuse acquaintance acute adapt adjust admission adopt advantage advisable advocate afford aggressive agreeable alert alive allowance ally alternative ambition amuse annoy anxious appeal appetite approve applaud appliance ashamed assert assess attach attribute authentic awkward bald barrier bold ban bare behalf beneficial betray bid blame blank boom boost brake breed bump bulk burst cancel captive capture cautious challenge charge charity charming chop claim clarify clumsy coarse collapse commit compel competent complain compose compromise conceal concern condemn confess confidence confine confirm conflict confront confuse congratulate conscience conscious consider consistent constant contempt continual continuous contrary contribute controversial convenient convey convince cordial correspond crash critical crucial crush cultivate cunning curious curse dash dazzle deceive decent decline delay deliberate delight delicate denounce deprive deserve despise destine devote diminish discard discount discharge disguise disposal drain durable ease economical efficient elastic embarrass embrace emerge endure engage enhance enthusiasm entitle equivalent eventful eventually exceed excel exclusive exhaust explode exploit explore expose extend fare faculty facility fatal feasible feeble flexible flourish fond forge frighten fuss glare gloomy gracious grateful grant grieve grip guilty halt hasty heal hesitate highlight hijack/highjack hostile hinder hono(u)rable humble identical idle ignorant ignore immense immigrant immune implement imply impose indignant indispensable inevitable infect influence(influential)insight instant insure intellectual intensive intentional interference interval intimidate involve jealous jog keen kneel lame landscape leak lean lessen liable likewise loose lodge luggage luxury magnificent maintain manual margin marve(l)lous massive militia minor minute moderate moist moral mortal multiply naval naughty neutral neglect novel nuisance obscure obstacle odd occur offend option outcome owe overlook panic parade passion peep peer pension perceive perish permanent permission personnel plausible plunge pledge possess precaution preceding precise prefer preliminary presumably pretend prevail privilege proceed proclaim prominent proof provoke purpose puzzle queer quit quiver rage raw recall reinforce recession reckon reconcile recover recruit refresh refuge refute regarding regardless release relieve reluctant remind remove remote render repent reproach resemble resign resolve resort respectable respectful respective responsible restless restrict resume reveal revenge reward rigid rival ruin rumor rural sanction schedule scratch secure segment sensible sensitive sequence shame shabby sheer shriek shrink siege slip sly smart smash smuggle soak sober solemn sore sour sound span spare speculate spoil sprinkle staff stain startle steep sticky strain stumble stuff submit submerge substantial substitute successive sufficient suicide summit superficial superior supplement surrender survive suspect suspend sustain swift sympathy synthetic tackle tedious tempt tender terminal terror thereby threat thrill thrive thump timid tolerate toll transfer transform transmit transport trap triumph tropical tumble undergo underline undertake undo uniform utter vacant vague valid vanish verify vice vigor violate violent wander weary well-off whisper withdraw withstand witness wound wreck yield zealous private-enterprise market-oriented bid up embrace issue on the horizon keep track of accordingly exceptional substantially exert infection dormant drastic counteract laborious seemingly assertion account for dead end 绝境，死胡同，尽头 follow through坚持到完成 confine to win over touch on提及，涉及 enhance guarantee保证 subtly external encounter perceive indecisive timidity confront sociable overwhelming bombard facilitate inherent offspring profound soak up sensitivity aggressive dominate exclusively subsequent adaptive fade relief tight-lipped慎于言谈的 routine likewise sketch tangible launch charter特许证 privilege enforcement initiative municipal detach pidend lockout discipline outburst single out premium arithmetic geometry acute stimulus parallel incentive beneficence ambiguous assemble emulation tactics deception distortion

1997年重点词汇 阅读理解部分： incurably adv.治不好地, 不能矫正地 convincing adj.令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悦诚服的 5 flashed vi.闪光, 闪现, 反射, 使迅速 6 pick up v.掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 8 import n.意思, 重要性 vt.输入, 进口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入 9 sink in 被了解 implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示 11 bitterly adv.苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厉害的 12 haste n.匆忙, 急忙 turn back v.使停止往前, 往回走 14 euthanasia n.安乐死 15 dominoes 多米诺 17 diagnose v.诊断 terminally adv.末尾, 一定时期地 haunting adj.常浮现于脑海中的, 不易忘怀的 21 spiritual adj.精神上的 22 claw n.爪, 脚爪 v.抓 consistently 一贯地，一向，始终如一地 24 deserve vt.应受, 值得 v.应受 dull adj.感觉或理解迟钝的,呆滞的, 阴暗的 vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和 vi.变迟钝, 减少 28 harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的 charitable adj.仁慈的,(为)慈善事业的,宽恕的 31 impulse n.推动, vt.推动

weary adj.疲倦的, 疲劳 v.疲倦, 厌倦, 厌烦 33 hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情 34 casual adj.偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的

interpret v.解释, 说明, 口译, 通译, 认为是...的意思 36 superficial adj.表面的, 肤浅的, 浅薄的 37 artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原产地的 39 complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n.联合体 40 assumption n.假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态 41 interrelationship 相互关系[联系, 影响], 干扰 42 fail to 未能..12.thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的, 颤动的, 发抖的 21.defective adj.有缺陷的n.有缺陷的人, 1998年重点词汇和词组 阅读理解部分

1.capture n.捕获vt.俘获3.at the mercy of adv.受...支配 4.fascinated vt.使着迷, 使神魂颠倒 vi.入迷, 极度迷人的 6.assert v.断言, 声称

7.cement n.水泥, 接合剂 vt.接合巩固 vi.粘牢 8.intended adj.有意的,已经订婚的 n已经订婚者 9.deprived adj.缺乏足够教育的；缺少食物的 10.in return adv.作为报答 11.reservoir n.水库, 蓄水池

12.contention n.争夺, 争论, 争辩, 论点 13.bidding for n.命令, 出价, 邀请

15.far from adv.远离, 远非, 远远不, 完全不, 非但不 17.conflict n.斗争, 冲突 vi.抵触, 冲突 18.hydroelectric adj.水力电气的 19.irrigation n.灌溉, 冲

23.revival n.苏醒, 复兴, 复活, 再生效, 复苏 26.assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现 27.presiding adj.主持会议的, 指挥的 28.statistics n.统计学, 统计表 32.due to adv.由于, 应归于 33.rebound n.回弹 v.回弹 34.disjunction n.分离, 分裂, 折断 35.anecdote n.轶事, 奇闻

36.reflected adj.反射的,得自他人的 37.contribution n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿 38.be intended to 为了 39.profitable adj.有利可图的 40.switch to v.切换到，转到, 转变成 41.speculative adj.投机的 42.ineptly adv.不适当地, 无能地 43.chief executive 总裁

44.revenue n.收入, 国家的收入, 税收 46.chop out 降低 47.blunt adj.直率的

48.consultant n.顾问, 商议者, 咨询者 49.schism n.(政治组织等的)分裂, 教派 50.humanities 人文学科 51.community n.公社, 团体

54.assemble vt.集合, 聚集, 装配 vi.集合 55.find fault v.挑剔

59.contradict vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触 60.dispute v.争论, 辩论 n.争论, 辩论 61.manifesto n.宣言, 声明

62.scorn n.轻蔑, 嘲笑, 被叱责的人 vt.轻蔑, 不屑做 63.long for v.渴望 65.depletion n.损耗 66.epithet n.绰号, 称号 67.lump n.块 vt.使成块状

68.enlighten vt.启发,教导, 授予...知识 69.emerge vi.显现,(事实)显现出来 70.census n.人口普查 71.standstill n.停止, 停顿 72.implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示 73.enthrone vt.立...为王, 崇拜 vi.热心 74.densely adv.浓密地, 浓厚地 75.numerically 用数字, 在数字上 76.depression n.沮丧, 消沉, 低气压, 低压 77.migrate vi.(鸟类的)迁徙 vt.使移居 78.attribute to 归功于 79.demographer n.人口统计学家 80.apparently adv.显然地 83.spacious adj.广大的, 大规模的

84.plagues n.瘟疫, 麻烦, 苦恼, 灾祸 vt.折磨, 使苦恼, 使得灾祸 86.considerably adv.相当地 87.scatter v.分散, 散开, 撒开, 驱散

88.isolate vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使绝缘, 离析 n.隔离种群 90.volcano n.火山

91.on the contrary adv.正相反 92.interior adj.内部的, 内的 n.内部 93.milestones n.里程碑, 转折点 94.inject into 把...注入

95.complementary adj.补充的, 补足的 96.reminder n.提醒的人, 暗示 97.in detail adv.详细地

98.readily adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地 99.stationary 固定的 100.anchor n.锚 v.抛锚, 锚定

101.confine vt.限制, 禁闭 n.界限, 边界 104.propel vt.推进, 驱使

106.fissure n.裂缝, 裂沟,(思想, 观点等的)分歧 v.(使)裂开 107.initiate vt.开始, 传授 v.开始 109.mutability n.易变性, 性情不定 1999年重点词汇和词组 阅读理解部分

1.rough adj.粗糙的, 粗略的 adv.粗糙地 4.lawsuit n.诉讼(尤指非刑事案件)5.compensate v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬 6.liable for 负责 7.misfortune n.不幸, 灾祸 8.anticipate vt.预期, 期望 10.fall off v.下降, 衰退, 离开 15.liability n义务, 倾向, 债务 17.side with defendant 站在被告一边 18.paralyze vt.使瘫痪, 使麻痹 19.helmet n.头盔, 钢盔

21.recommendation n.推荐, 介绍(信), 劝告, 建议 22.substantial adj.坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的 23.tort n.[律]民事侵权行为 24.bombard vt.炮轰；轰击 25.trivialities n.琐事

26.for the benefit of adv.为...的利益 27.legal liability 法律责任

28.revolve v.(使)旋转, 考虑, 循环出现 29.tap n.水龙头 vt.轻打, 开发, 31.make sense 使…有意义 33.nonetheless adv.虽然如此, 但是 34.hesitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿 35.reliability n.可靠性

36.senior adj 资格较老的, 地位较高的, 高级的 37.transaction n.办理, 交易 38.access to 有权使用

41.available adj.可用到的, 可利用的

44.update v.使现代化, 修正, 校正, 更新 n.现代化, 更新 45.subscriber n.订户, 签署者, 捐献 49.contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑 50.thinks highly of 尊重 51.distinction n.区别

52.prospect n.前景 vi.寻找, 勘探 53.horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇 54.inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的 55.resort to 求助于 56.strategies n.策略, 军略 57.interactivity 交互性

58.hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情 59.security n.安全

62.plunge n.跳进, 投入 vi.投入 63.invisible adj.看不见的, 无形的 64.on the behalf of 代表

65.prospect n.前途, 期望 vi.寻找, 勘探 66.radical adj.根本的, 激进的 n.激进分子 67.explore v.探险, 探测, 探究 68.contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾 70.justify v.证明...是正当的 72.assess vt.估定, 评定 74.forsake vt.放弃, 抛弃

76.betray vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露(秘密), 露出...迹象 78.emphasize vt.强调, 着重 v.强调 80.presumptuous adj.专横的 83.in any case adv.无论如何

84.complementary adj.补充的, 补足的 85.vocational adj.职业的 86.confusion n.混乱, 混淆 87.startle v.震惊

88.be opposite to 在...对面 与...相反 89.husbandry n.管理 92.feverishly adv.兴奋地

95.consensus n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论 101.in the air adv悬而未决, 在流传中 103.supposedly adv.想像上, 按照推测 105.be curious about 对…好奇 111.substitute for 代替...替换..., 取代..112.conference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会 113.advisability n.明智

114.frown vi.皱眉, 蹙额, 不赞成, 反对 v.皱眉 115.be shocked at 对…感到震惊 116.speculate vi.推测, 思索, 做投机买卖 117.amount to 总计，等于

121.carry out vt.携带, vi.被携带, 能达到 126.distract v.转移

129.conformity n.一致, 符合

130.desirable adj.值得要的,令人想要的, 悦人心意的 131.be blamed for 被责备 132.in favor of 赞成 2000年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分：

1.effortless adj.容易的, 不费力气的 2.handicap n.障碍v.妨碍, 使不利 3.a driving force 动力

4.a glowing period 增长时期，发展时期 5.unparalleled adj.无比的, 无双的, 空前的 6.scale n.刻度,等级 vt.依比例决定,测量 8.predominance n.优势 9.at a loss 困惑

10.fading n.褪色,枯萎,衰退 12.sweep into 涌入 13.on the ropes岌岌可危的 14.semiconductor n.[物] 半导体 15.at the heart of 关键 16.casualty n.伤亡 17.prosperity n.繁荣

18.sensational adj.使人感动的, 非常好的 19.look back on 回忆 21.devalued 减值的, 贬值的 22.yield to 屈服, 让步 23.on a diet 吃规定的饮食 24.quick-witted 机智

25.executive adj执行的, 行政的 n经理主管人员 26.think tank n.智囊团 28.maturity n.成热,成熟 30.mortality n.死亡率

31.excess n.过度,超额 adj.过度的, 额外的 32.crucial adj.至关紧要的

38.fertile adj.肥沃的, 富饶的, 能繁殖的 40.offspring n.(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代 41.take advantage of 利用 42.diminish v.(使)减少,(使)变小 43.tribal adj.部落的, 种族的 44.mediocrity n.平常,平庸之才 46.utopia n.乌托邦, 理想的完美境界 49.ignorant of 不懂, 不知道 53.descendant n.子孙, 后裔, 后代

55.advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹 57.farfetched adj.牵强的 59.with regard to adv.关于 62.in brief 简单扼要地 63.consequently adv.从而, 因此 64.undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受 66.pour out v.诉说, 倾吐

67.unhampered adj.无妨碍的，无阻碍的 68.make up v.弥补, 虚构

69.imitate vt.模仿, 仿效, 仿制, 仿造 v.模仿 70.at will adv.随意, 任意 71.confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的

72.upsetting adj.令人心烦意乱的,令人苦恼的 73.proposition n.主张, 建议, 陈述, 命题 74.call for v.要求, 提倡, 为...叫喊, 为...叫 75.essentially adv.本质上, 本来 77.envy n.vt.羡慕, 嫉妒 80.sacrifice nv.牺牲

81.rigid adj.刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的 83.emphasis on 强调

84.mechanical adj.机械的, 呆板的 88.frustration n.挫败, 挫折, 受挫 89.drop out v.不参与, 离去, 放弃

90.incident n.事件, 事变 adj.附带的, 易于发生的 92.assault n.攻击v.袭击 93.outcry n.大声疾呼

94.conservative adj.保守的, 守旧的 97.raise eyebrow 质疑地

99.centralization n.集中, 中央集权化 100.isolated adj.隔离的,孤立的, 单独 101.commute v.交换

102.crowded adj.拥挤的, 塞满的 103.distinction n.区别, 声望 104.destiny n.命运, 定数

105.vitality n.活力, 生命力, 生动性 108.hypocrisy n.伪善

112.confess v.承认, 坦白, 忏悔 113.pushing adj.有进取心的,急切的 114.acquisitive adj.想获得的

115.vulgar adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的,本土的

117.radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的 n.激进分子 119.advocating n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 vt.提倡, 鼓吹 120.participatory adj.供人分享的

123.at all costs adv.(=at any cost)不惜任何代价, 无论如何 129.stirring adj.激动人心的, 活跃的, 忙碌的 130.prompting n.促进, 激励, 提示 131.profess v.表示

132.get on v.生活, 融洽相处, 进展 2001年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分

1.specialization n.特殊化, 专门化, 特化作用 2.response to 回答，反应，响应 3.accumulation n.积聚, 堆积物 4.split up 分裂

5.no clear-cut distinction 没有绝对的区别 6.amateur n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家

7.connotation n.含蓄, 储蓄的东西(词、语等), 内涵 8.integrate into 融入到……中去

11.consequent adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的 14.illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明 15.in terms of 根据

17.definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度,(轮廓影像等的)清晰度 19.incorporate adj.合并的, 一体化的 vt.合并, 组成公司 20.make entrance to 接近21.be reinforced by 加强

22.refereeing n.仲裁人, , [体]裁判员 v.仲裁, 23.underway adj.起步的,进行中的, 航行中的 24.be reckoned as vt.计算, 估计, 27.universalize access 普遍可以获得 28.digital pide 数字鸿沟

29.impoverished adj.穷困的, 无力的,用尽了的 30.sovereignty n.君主, 主权, 主权国家 32.credibility n.可信性 33.turn out to be 结果是 36.head-scratching 令人头痛的 37.puzzlement n.迷惑

38.plug vt.堵, 插栓 n.塞子, 插头, 插销

39.conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的,习俗的, 传统的 44.at random 随意的

47.elite n.<法>[集合名词]精华, 中坚分子 49.clash n.冲突, 撞击声, 50.sponsor n.发起人, vt.发起, v.赞助 51.symposium n.讨论会, 座谈会 52.be dedicated to adj.专注的, 献身的 53.persity n.差异, 多样性

56.account for v.说明, 占, 解决, 得分 57.affiliate v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员 58.underlie vt.位于...之下, 成为...的基础 59.scanty adj.缺乏的, ,俭省的, 62.supervise v.监视，监督 64.gigantic adj.巨人般的, 巨大的 65.take upon 承担

66.lateral n.侧部, adj.横(向)的, 侧面的 67.profile n.剖面, 侧面, 外形, 轮廓 68.in the manner of 以......方式

69.disgraced n.耻辱, 丢脸的人(或事)v.玷污 70.passionate adj.充满热情的 71.advocate n.提倡者 vt.提倡, 72.preach v.鼓吹

73.resignation n.辞职, 辞职书, 放弃, 74.doctrine n.教条, 学说 75.voluntary simplicity 自愿简朴 76.breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, n.品种, 78.dropping out n.滴下, 滴下物, 空投, 79.redundancy n.裁员 2002年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分： 1.indentify v.确定，证明 2.relevant to 有关的，相应的 3.in sympathy with 同情

7.alternatively adv.做为选择, 二者择一地 9.comment on 评论

10.convention n.大会, 协定,习俗, 12.show around 参观

13.accommodation n.住处, 膳宿 14.push aside 把......推开,避开 15.stomp n.跺脚

19.inedible adj.不适于食用的, 20.notorious adj.声名狼籍的 21.resent v.愤恨, 怨恨

22.disparaging adj.蔑视的, 毁谤的, 23.scapegoat n.替罪羊 24.off-the-cuff 即兴的 25.familiar adj.熟悉的, n.密友, 26.exaggeration n.夸张, 夸大之词 30.ingenuity n.机灵, 独创性, 精巧, 32.burdensome adj.繁重的, 烦累的, 34.confer n.商讨，授予 37.gizmos n.小发明 39.hum to v.嗡嗡叫, 哼 40.assembly n.集合, 装配, 41.automated adj.自动化的

42.terminal n.终端, adj.末期, 每期的, 44.miniaturization n.小型化 46.supervision n.监督, 管理

50.initial adj.最初的, 词首的, n.词首大写字母 52.a fraction of n.小部分, 片断, 分数 53.irrelevant adj.不相关的

54.instantaneous adj.瞬间的, 即刻的, 55.suspicious adj.(of)可疑的, 怀疑的 59.scary adj.引起惊慌的

60.quadruple adj.四倍的, 四重的, n.四倍 61.suspend vt.吊, 悬挂v.延缓 63.severe adj.严厉的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 69.consultancy n.-cies 顾问（工作）73.supreme adj.极度的, 极大的, 最高的 74.implicaton n.暗示 77.foresee vt.预见, 预知 78.permissible adj.可允许的, 79.justify v.证明...是正当的 82.mediation n.仲裁, 调停, 调解 83.maintain vt.维持, 供养, 主张 84.prescribe v.指示, 规定, 处(方), 85.legitimate adj.合法的, 合理的, v.合法 86.homicide n.谋杀

88.acknowledge vt.承认, 答谢, 报偿 89.prolonged vt.延长, 拖延 91.hospice n.旅客住宿处, 收容所, 92.therapy n.治疗

93.to the extent that 大意是说 95.presumptively adv.假设地 96.incompentently adv.不合格地 2003年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分: 1.spymaster n.间谍组织的首脑 2.lay the root for 打下基础 3.be fascinated with 着迷 5.espionage n.间谍, 侦探 6.reshape vt.改造, 再成形, 7.vocation n.召唤, 职业 10.point-and-click 点击

11.intelligence n.智力, 聪明, 智能 14.compile vt.编译, 编辑, 汇编 15.by a large margin 大幅度 19.corporation n.[律]社团, 法人, 21.mutually adv.互相地, 互助 23.vacum up 清空

26.staff n.棒, 全体职员, vt.供给人员, 27.back-and-forthing 来来回回 30.take pride in 骄傲

33.triumph n.胜利, 成功 v.获得胜利 35.seek to v.寻找, 探索, 37.rull out 排除

38.advocate n.提倡者, vt.提倡, 39.advance in n.前进, v., 预付adj.前面的 40.allegation n.主张，断言, 辩解 41.cruelty to n.残忍, 残酷

42.perplexed adj.困惑的, 不知所措的 43.deliberately adv.故意地

45.fair adj.美丽的,(头发)金黄的,公平的,(天气)晴朗的 46.distributing v.分配,分发,分布 48.immunization n.使免除, 使免疫 49.vaccine adj.疫苗的, n.疫苗 50.epidemic adj.流行的, n.时疫, 51.compassionate adj.富于同情心的 55.hip n., 忧郁 adj.熟悉内情的 59.lest conj.唯恐, 以免, 64.ember n.灰烬, 余烬 66.merge into v.合并, 并入, 67.heightened v.提高, 升高 68.monopoly n.垄断, 垄断者, 69.account for v.说明, 占, 得分 70.freight n.货物, 运费, vt.装货, 71.allow for v.虑及, 体谅 72.substantial adj.坚固的, 实质的, 73.coordinated n.同等者, adj.同等的, vt.调整, 74.fierce competition from 激烈的竞争 76.have them by throat 控制 77.consolidation n.巩固, 合并 78.captive n.俘虏, adj.被俘的, 80.appeal to v.呼吁, 上诉, 有吸引力 83.discrimination against n.辨别, 歧视 84.on the grounds 在......基础上 85.in the long run 从长远看

86.have the option of 有......的选择权 87.subscribe v.捐款, 签署(文件)90.flourish vi.繁荣, 91.despite prep.不管, 尽管, 93.cheer on 鼓励

94.transaction n.学报，处理事务 95.grip vt.紧握, 紧夹 96.pressing adj.紧迫的 v.挤压 97.inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的 98.optional adj.可选择的, 随意的 100.clinical depression 临床忧郁症 101.surgical adj.外科的, n.外科病房, 103.disintegrate vt.(使)分解,(使)碎裂 104.perish vi.毁灭,枯萎

105.shield n.防护物, vt.(from)保护, 107.unsustainable adj.不能证实的 108.sustain vt.支撑, 撑住, 维持, 持续 110.get out of 排除

111.potential adj.潜在的,势的, 112.energetic adj.精力充沛的, 113.dazzlingly adv.灿烂地, 耀眼地 117.dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的 118.therapy n.治疗 2004年重点词组与词汇 阅读理解部分 1.hunt for v.搜寻

2.stumble v.绊倒, 结结巴巴地说话n.绊倒, 错误 4.intellectual property 知识产权

5.counsel n 商议, 辩护律师 vt.劝告, 忠告 7.drawback n.缺点, 障碍 8.eliminate vt.排除, 消除 v.除去 10.implicit adj.暗示的, 盲从的 13.tempt vt.诱惑, 引诱, 吸引

19.keep a close watch on 密切注视，密切关注 21.compensation to 补偿，赔偿 22.negotiate 谈判，商量 23.maintain vt.维持, 维修, 主张 26.discrimination n.辨别, 歧视 27.condemn vt.判刑, 处刑, 声讨, 谴责 30.unaware of 没有意识到

31.have a big advantage over 对…有较大优势 32.spread n.伸展, 展开, 传播, 蔓延, 33.suspiciously adv.猜疑着, 怀疑着 35.respectively adv.分别地, 各个地

36.predecessor n.前辈, 前任,(被取代的)原有事物

37.coincidence n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在(尤指偶然)的事 38.dream up v.空想出, <俗>构思, 创造, 设计(发明物等)41.insensitive adj.对...没有感觉的, 感觉迟钝的 42.qualification n.资格

44.publicly

adv.公然地, 舆论上 46.ceremony n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节, 报幕员 47.literally adv.照字面意义, 逐字地 48.draw up v.草拟, 停住

49.recipient adj.容易接受的 n.容纳者

50.plough through 费劲地阅读, 吃力地钻研,艰难地通过 51.come to v.达到, 复苏,共计 53.blame n.过失, 责备 vt.责备, 57.lag

n.落后, 迟延, vi.缓缓而行, 滞后

59.crucial

adj.至关紧要的

60.panic

n.惊慌, 恐慌, 没有理由的

61.prospect

n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望 vi.寻找, 勘探 62.modest

adj.谦虚的, 谦让的, 适度的 63.in despair

绝望

66.predominately adv.占主要优势地

第二篇：【新东方内部资料】考研形近词、近义词辨析宝典

考研近义词、形近词辨析宝典（共90组）

abnormal, uncommon abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。

His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。

uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。

That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！abide, adhere, conform, comply abide v.后接by表示 “遵守，同意”。

I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。

adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。

All inpiduals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。

Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。abstract, digest, outline, summary 这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。

abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。

digest n.(篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Reader's Digest《读者文摘》 outline n.要点，大纲，概要。

She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。absurd, ridiculous 这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。

absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。

There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。

It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。accent, tone, dialect accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。

He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。

He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言 accommodate, afford, furnish accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。

This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。

The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。

The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。

Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。accomplishment, attainment, achievement accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。

Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者

achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。acute, critical, crucial, urgent acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。

An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。critical a.意为“关键的”，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指“批判性的，分析性的

It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，否则你会不及格的。crucial a.意为”决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的“，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。

Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。urgent a.意为”紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的“，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调”紧急的“状态。

We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。admit, confess, concede admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而”承认“某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。

confess v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有”坦白、招认“的意思。

He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。

concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指”以退为进“的承认。

The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。

aggravate, reinforce, strengthen, intensify 这一组动词都有”加强“的意思。

aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。

I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。

A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。

The number of people has increased.人数增加了。

strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。

Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。

Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨 alert, cautious, considerate 这一组形容词都表示”小心的，谨慎的“。alert a.警惕的，留神的。

The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。

He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。alive, live, living, lively 这一组形容词都跟”活“有关。

alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。

After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人

live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的。

We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。

Who is the world's greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？ living room起居室

lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。

She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 这一组动词都有”减少，减轻“的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和

The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。

diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。

He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。

The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。decline v.(数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。allocate, separate, detach, pide 这一组动词都有”分开“的意思。allocate v.分配，把……拨给。

The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。

separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开。

We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。detach v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。

We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。pide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。

The huge corporation pided into smaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand amplify v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。enlarge v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。enlarge photograph放大照片 enlarge a house扩建房屋

stretch v.(有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。

Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。

magnify v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。

His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼镜把字放大以便能够阅读。reinforce v.增援，加固。

expand v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。anger, fury, indignation, resentment 这一组名词都有”愤怒、生气“的意思。anger n.气愤，生气，是一般用语。

After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后，他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度较anger要强。indignation n.义愤，尤其指出于道义上的激愤。

Arise / arouse / attract general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤 resentment n.愤恨，怨恨，不满，是正式用语，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。

There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后，办公室里怨声载道。apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct 这一组形容词都有”明显的“之意。

apparent a.明显的，显而易见的，尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。

He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴，显然他现在想走了。evident a.明白的，明显的，与apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。

It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的，在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。manifest a.清楚的，明显的，多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义，常作表语。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众，但长相并不动人。obvious a.明显的，显而易见的，含有无可辩白，不需证明之意。

It is obvious that woman has had too much to drink.很显然，那个妇女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明显的；不同的，独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。

Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。applaud, clap, commend, praise

applaud v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。

The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。clap v.拍打，其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。clap sb.为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物

commend v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。praise v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。area, district, region, zone 这一组名词都有”区域“的意思。

area n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。

The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng District北京西城区 region n.行政区划上更大的地区，如”自治区“；身体部位。

The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。zone n.指特定的地方、地带。

The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开辟商业区。assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium 这一组名词都表示”会议“的意思。assembly n.集合，集会。

The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n.(专门性的)会议，讨论会。

The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。congress n.代表大会，(美国的)国会。

Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律，人民一定要遵守。rally n.(鼓舞士气的)集会；群众性集会。

The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会，以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。

seminar n.(大学的)研究班，研讨会。

During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教师在学院里参加研究班。session n.(一届)会议，回合。

the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议 summit n.最高级会议，峰会(通常为领导人参加)。

Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。symposium n.(学术、科研方面的)座谈会，专题报告会。

The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。assessment, estimate, evaluation 这一组名词都有”评估“的意思。

assessment n.评估，估价，常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。

We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。estimate n.估计，强调进行评估得出的结果，常与动词give搭配。

The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。

evaluation n.(对于能力，价值、工作业绩的)评价，估价，常带有肯定的、正确的含义。

He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。associate, ally, combine, unite 这一组词都有”联合“的意思。

associate v.交往，结交；联系，联想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示与某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某个方面合作。We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我们同邻居交往。ally v.使结盟，使联姻，多与with搭配。

Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。combine v.联合，化合，混合，多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。

The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。unite v.联合，合并，团结，尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体，强调结果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。award, reward award v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。

The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。

reward v.酬劳，奖赏，回报，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。

I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元，酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。aware, conscious aware a.知道的，意识到的，强调感官对外界事物的意识。He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。conscious a.有意识的，意识到的，一般指内心所意识到的。

The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。basic, elementary, fundamental basic a.基本的，基础的，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。

He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的，初级的。elementary school小学

fundamental a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必须的。

Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass 这一组词都有”迷惑“的意思。

bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，强调非常困惑，通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱，语气最重。

He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候，他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不理解或解决不了。

Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。confuse v.一般用语，使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。

He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告，因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。embarrass v.使窘迫，使为难，使困惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。

Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型，使她感到难堪。

blame, condemn, reproach, scold 这一组动词都有”责怪“的意思。blame v.责怪，把……归咎于。

You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。

The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。reproach v.(书面语)责备，表示不满。

His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。scold v.责骂，训斥。blunder, error, mistake 这一组词都表示”错误“。

blunder n.(因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。

I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。

error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也可指智力或道义上的错误。

The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。

I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 这一组形容词都有”弱“的意思。

brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。

The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。

He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。frail a.(指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。

crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的饼干

The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。

Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge 这几个名词都有”边界“的意思。

boundary n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。

The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。

border n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。We crossed the Mexican borders into the USA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。

frontier n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为”未开发的领域“，”(学术的)前沿“等。The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。rim n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。

verge n.(道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘，引申为”某事即将发生之际“。on the verge of war战争爆发之际 brief, concise, curt, succinct 这一组形容词都有”简短的“意思。

brief a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有”虽短但却不失全面“的意味。The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。concise a.(文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。

His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。curt a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有”草率“的意思。

He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , ”I have no time for you now!“他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说：”我没时间搭理你。“ succinct a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。succinct summary of the argument论点的概要 certify, rectify, testify, verify 这是一组形近易混词。certify v.证明，声称是真的。

He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作证；表明。

He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。verify v.(用事实)证实或核实。

I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。compel, constrain, force, oblige 这一组动词都有”强迫“的意思。

compel v.强迫，迫使，常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事；有时也表示”别无办法，不得不做“。His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。

constrain v.力劝，强迫，与compel意思相近，但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的场合。

As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家，不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。

force v.强迫，迫使，暴力威胁的意味较浓，常用于被动语态。

The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。oblige v.(因法律、习俗等)强迫，迫使，常常用于被动。

We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。complement, supplement, append 这三个名词都有”补充“的意思。

complement n.补充，补充物，主要指补充不足使之完美。

Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。supplement n.增补，补充，补贴，主要指另外补加，增补。

One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后，必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。

append n.附加，添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。component, element, factor, ingredient 这一组名词都有”组成成分“的意思。

component n.零部件；(某事物的)组成部分；成分。

Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。element n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定类型的人或群体，分子。

The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。factor n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。

Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。ingredient n.原料，成分，要素。Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。comprise, compose, consist, constitute 这一组动词都有”组成，包含“的意思。

comprise v.包含，包括，由……组成(整体)；组成，构成。

Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。compose v.构成(整体)，组成；由……组成(后接of，常用于被动语态)；创作(作曲、诗歌等)。

The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。consist v.组成，构成,由……组成(后接of，常用于主动语态)；(后接in)在于，存在于。The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。constitute v.构成，组成(整体)。

Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。concentrate, focus 这两个动词都有”集中“的意思。

concentrate v.集中，集中精力(后接on，宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西)；浓缩，压缩。

During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间，同学们集中精力回答问题。focus v.集中(于某事物)；将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on，宾语一般不是具体的东西)。Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。confinement, limitation, restraint 这一组名词都有”限制，局限“的意思。

confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。

The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。limitation n.限制，局限；(能力的)缺点，弱点。

That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。restraint n.克制，抑制；约束措施。

Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。

considerable, considerate 这是一对形近易混的形容词。

considerable a.相当大的，相当多的；值得考虑的。

That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。considerate a.考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。conserve, preserve, reserve 这是一组形近易混词，且都有”保存“的意思。conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约)。

In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天，为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。preserve v.保护；维持；保养；防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。

The government preserves the rights of the inpidual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留，储备(强调为某一特殊目的)；订(座位)，预定。

We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。continual, continuous, constant, incessant 这一组形容词都有”不断的，不停的“的意思。

continual a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。continuous a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。

Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。constant a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。

Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。incessant a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有停顿。

Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。convert, invert, revert, transform 这一组动词都有”转变“的意思。

convert v.转变，变换，含有”使某人改变观点“的意思。He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。

invert v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。

revert v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。

John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died，ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。transform v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。

A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。credible, credulous, plausible 这一组形容词都有”可信的“意思。credible a.可信的，可靠的。

That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情，她没来上课是因为她病了。

credulous a.轻信的，易于相信的。

She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人，竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。

plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。

Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。decline, refuse, reject, deny 这组动词都有”拒绝“的意思。

decline v.婉言拒绝，谢绝，相当于refuse politely，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。

I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起，可是她婉言谢绝了。refuse v.是比较普通的用词，表示”拒绝“，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。reject v.抛弃，不采纳，主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。

He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝。deny v.否认，否定，其后可接名词，代词或that从句。

The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。deduce, induce, reduce deduce v.推断，推理，演绎。

My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him;today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默，今天他很沉默，所以我推断她生气了。induce v.引诱，劝；引