第一篇：新东方 考研 写作精讲

考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义 北京新东方学校 王江涛

第一节 考研写作总论

一、课程安排：

1、考研写作总论：评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大

纲解读

2、应用文：书信类、告示类

3、段落写作：真题透视、框架结构、启承转合

4、两图写作（00、03、06、07）

5、一图写作（98、01、02、04、05）

6、图表作文

二、评卷实例：2001年真题 Directions: Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is

probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own

understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue

in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning

of the picture below, 2)give a specific example, and 3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show

love.1、20分范文：

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is

probably the noblest.It is of the utmost

importance to the human beings.Everybody not only

needs love, but also should give love.As is described in the picture, “love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.” This is

indeed true.People in darker places need more

light than ordinary people.Maybe even a dim light

can give them much hope for a better life and

progress.Maybe even a dim light can give them

much hope for a better life and progress.Maybe

just a thread of light will call forth their

strength and courage to step out of their

difficulties.For instance when someone is starving to death，just a little food and water from you may save his

life.Or when a little girl in a poor rural area

drops out of school because of poverty, just a

small sum of money from you may support her to

finish her schooling and change her life, you have

given love which is like a lamp in a dark place

where light is most needed.So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who

are in need.We expect to get love from others and

we also give love to others so when you see

someone in difficulty or in distress and in need

of help, don’t hesitate to give your love to him.I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a

better place for us to live in.2、18分范文

It is generally believed that love is a hot topic

which is most talked about.This is true not only

in China but also in other countries.We live in

different countries, speak different languages，but love is something common to us all.But how to

show love may be different with different people

in different countries.This is something we

should give more thought to.As is shown in the picture, love is like a lamp

which shines brightest in dark places.This tells

us a simple truth: Love is like a lamp.It is most

valuable when it is most needed.For example, once

I saw a foreign lady get lost in the street.She

could not speak Chinese and nobody seemed to be

able to help her.Though my English is not very

good and I am a shy person, I thought she needed

help very much.I asked her what she wanted.She

told me she lost her way, so I showed her the way

to her hotel.It was a small thing but she thanked

me very much because my help was needed very much.My help was like a lamp in dark places.I think we all should be like a lamp in a dark

place, showing our love, giving our help to

others, even to strangers.In this way, we can

make this world a harmonious and peaceful world.三、复习计划：

1、考前复习：

1）攻克词汇：

2）精研真题：词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵

3）适当模考：

2、写作练习：

3、时间分配：

1）14：00－14：15 写作A节

2）14：15－14：50 写作B节

3）14：50－16：00 阅读A节

4）16：00－16：20 完型填空

5）16：20－16：40 阅读B节

6）16：40－17：00 阅读C节

第二节 应用文

一、学习方法：

（一）提高实力：

1、十遍精读： 1）精彩词汇 2）精彩词组 3）精彩句型

4）句子结构：简单句（主干＋修饰成分）、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致

5）段落结构：总分总，主题句＋论证（＋小结）6）关联词：小作文3－5个，大作文5－7个 7）同义替换：词汇＋句型 8）代词替换：it, that, they 9）精彩观点： 10）原因建议：

2、背诵：滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善

3、默写：发现写作弱点

4、中译英：提高写作实力

5、写作：模仿

（二）掌握技巧：万能框架

二、大纲解读：

（一）评价目标：

考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备

忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说

明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能： 1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当； 2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；

3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯； 4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当使用语域。

（二）考试内容：

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。总分

30分。

A节：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计

算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分10分。B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160－200词的短文

（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写

作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。

满分20分。

（三）评分原则和方法：

1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，但对考生写作能

力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用

。但根据两节的不同考查要点，评分是会有不同的侧重点

。A节

应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语

言的准确性、格式和语域（指在书面和口语表达中根据不

同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正

式的话语）的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根

据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的

关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。B节

B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织

性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。

2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有1－3分的

调节分。

3、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。B节作文的字数要求

是160－200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。

4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法

均可接受。

5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

三、书信格式：

（一）称呼

1、写给机构

1）不认识负责人：Dear Sir or Madam, Dear

Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern, 2）认识负责人：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor, Dear President(Michael)Wang，2、写给个人

1）关系不亲密：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor, Dear President(Michael)Wang, 2）关系亲密：Dear Michael，（二）正文：3段、7句、100－120词、3－5关联词、3－5 从句

1、第一段：2句 1）自我介绍

（1）I am a staff member from your

company/corporation.（2）I am a

freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/gra

duate from the Department of Chinese Language and

Literature of Beijing University.2）写作目的：I am writing the letter in

purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my

current post/position.2、第二段：3句

1）改写提纲一：1句

2）改写提纲二：1句

3）改写提纲三：1句

3、第三段

1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）

（1）My appreciation to you for your generous

help is beyond words.（2）Words fail me when I want to express my

sincere gratitude to you.（3）I take this opportunity to show my

heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you

rendered me.2）期待回信

（1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearing

from you soon.（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your

earliest convenience.（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be

highly appreciated.（三）落款 Yours sincerely，Li Ming

四、书信类应用文：

1、大纲样题：订购信 Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in

need of some reference books.Write a letter to

the sales department of a bookstore to ask for: 1)detailed information about the books you

want, 2)methods of payment, 3)time and way of delivery.Dear Sir or Madam, As I am planning to take the National Entrance

Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM), I

have decided to place an order of some NETEM books

with due consideration of the good reputation of

your bookstore and the high quality of your books.Firstly, please give me particular accounts as

regards names, authors, publishing houses and

prices of these books.Secondly, I also need to

know the terms of payment and after-sell service.Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to

deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of

Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2007.I have arranged to pay for the service.I would like to express my gratitude for your kind

consideration of my requests.I look forward to

hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

第三节 段落写作

一、书信类应用文 2、2005真题：辞职信＋道歉信

Directions: Two months ago, you got a job as an

editor for the magazine Fashion & Design.But now

you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss

Mr.Wang, telling him your decision, stating your

reason(s), and making an apology.Dear Mr.Wang, I am writing to inform you about my decision to

resign from my current position.The primary reasons are as follows.First, after

two months, I do feel that it is not easy for me

to get used to the extra work and night shift.Second, the salary has proven to be much lower

than you originally promised, and I have a large

family to support.Last, what I have learned in

the university cannot meet the requirement of

being an editor.I feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I have

caused.I sincerely hope that you approve of my

resignation.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 3、2006真题：请求信 Directions:

You want to contribute to Project Hope by

offering financial aid to a child in a remote

area, write a letter to the department concerned，asking them to help find a candidate.You should

specify what kind of child you want to help and

how you will carry out your plan.Write your

letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly

on ANSWER SHEET 2.Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter，use “Li Ming” instead.Don't write the address.(10 points)

To whom it may concern, As a student who can support myself, I am writing

to request if you can help me find a potential

beneficiary of Project Hope.I wonder whether it is convenient for you if two

things regarding the child are taken into account.First, the child should come from Sichuan Province

because I intend to help a child from my hometown.Second, it will be better if he or she is a

primary school student who was forced to drop

school because of abject poverty.I would like to help the recipient of my

assistance annually until he graduates from

college.Firstly, the money will cover his tuition

fee and other expenses at school.Besides, I will

correspond with him frequently so that he can seek

advice whenever he needs.Your prompt attention to

my inquiry would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

4、备忘录/报告：

Directions: You are the president of a company.Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president

on the employee’s training on computer, telling

him the need to train the employees, detailed

information, and ask him to write a plan.Date：January 20, 2007 To：Percy Shelley, Vice President From：Li Ming, President Subject：Computer Training of the Staff As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with

you that our firm is faced up with problem of the

high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff.We

need to make up a plan for training our employees

in the new field.I would like you to design our own in-house

computer-training program.We had better classify

the employees and put them through the program in

turn.Write up a brief proposal, describing what you

think the program should cover.Assume the class

runs four hours a week for ten weeks.Also, assume

people have no prior computer knowledge or any

formal course work in computer science.5、摘要：

1）不超过原文三分之一，可少不可多；

2）不要评论、不要照抄；

3）改写每段首尾句。

二、告示类应用文：

（一）写作格式：

1、标题

2、日期：标题右下方

3、正文：1－3段，3－6句，0－1从句，现在/将来

时

4、署名：个人或单位

（二）分类：通告/通知、启事、其他 经典范文：征稿启事

Directions:

Your journal is planning to publish an issue.Write a contributions wanted which covers the

following information:

1)the purpose of the issue，2)time and methods of delivery，3)other details.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign

your own name at the end of the notice.Contributions Wanted February 3, 2007 To celebrate the 14th anniversary of the Beijing

New Oriental Education and Technology Group, this

journal has decided to publish a special issue on

our great achievements in the teaching and

research activities in the past 14 years.Articles, photos, memoirs and other writings

related to this topic are invited.Faculty members

and students are welcome to send in their

contributions in whatever forms or styles to our

office before the 30th instant.They may also send

their writings and photos electronically to the

following address: xdfyy@staff.neworiental.org

The Editorial Office

New Oriental English Journal

三、真题透视：参见新东方考研写作教材P.12 1、1991： DIRECTIONS: A)Title: WHERE TO LIVE---IN THE CITY OR THE

COUNTRY? B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence.E)Your composition must be written clearly

in the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Conveniences of the city 2.Attractions of the country 3.Disadvantages of both 4.My preference 2、1992： DIRECTIONS: A)Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN

PARENT AND CHILD B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence.E)Your composition must be written clearly

in the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Present situation: Lack of communication

between parent and child 2.Possible reasons: 1)Different likes and dislikes 2)Misunderstanding 3)Others 3.Suggestions: 1)For parents 2)For children 3、1993：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence: “Today more and more

advertisements are seen on the TV screen.” E)Your composition must be written clearly

in the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Present state 2.Reasons 3.My comments 4、1994：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence: “As a human being, one can

hardly do without a friend.”

E)Your composition must be written clearly

on the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.The need for friends 2.True friendship 3.My principle in making friends 5、1995：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: THE “PROJECT HOPE” B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence: “Education plays a very

important role in the modernization of our

country.”

E)Your composition must be written neatly on

the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Present situation 2.Necessity of the project 3.My suggestion 6、1996：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: GOOD HEALTH B)Time limit: 40 minutes C)Word limit: 120-150 words(not including

the given opening sentence)D)Your composition should be based on the

OUTLINE below and should start with the given

opening sentence: “The desire for good health is

universal.”

E)Your composition must be written neatly on

the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE: 1.Importance of good health 2.Ways to keep fit 3.My own practices 7、1997：

2001年大纲样题 Directions:

Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave

consequences, yet the tobacco companies still

claim that they make a valuable contribution to

the world economy.There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above

two viewpoints.Write an essay to the newspaper 1)Criticizing their view and 2)Justify your stand.In your essay, make full use of the information

provided in the pictures printed below.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET

II.8、1998： Directions: A.Study the following set of pictures

carefully and write an essay in no less than 150

words.B.Your essay must be written clearly on the

ANSWER SHEET II.C.Your essay should cover all the

information provided and meet the requirements below: 1．Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.2．Give your comments.9、1999： DIRECTIONS: A.Study the following graphs carefully and

write an essay in at least150 words.B.Your essay must be written clearly on the

ANSWER SHEET II.C.Your essay should cover these three

points: 1.effect of the country’s growing human

population on its wildlife 2.possible reason for the effect 3.your suggestion for wildlife protection

10：2000： Directions: Study the following two pictures carefully and

write an essay to

1.Describe the pictures 2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the

pictures, and

3.Suggest counter-measures You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER

SHEET II 11、2001： Directions: Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is

probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own

understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue

in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning

of the picture below, 2)give a specific example, and 3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show

love.12、2002： Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an

essay entitled “Cultures---National and

International”

In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its

meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER

SHEET II.An American girl in traditional Chinese costume 13、2003： Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write

an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret

its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life.14、2004： Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an

essay in which you should 1.describe the drawing.2.interpret its meaning, and 3.support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER

SHEET 2.15、2005： Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the

following drawing.In your essay ,you should first

describe the drawing the interpret its meaning，and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20

points)

16：2006：

Directions: Study the following photos carefully

and write an essay in which you should 1）describe the photos briefly;

2）interpret the social phenomenon reflected

by them，3）give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER

SHEET 2.(20 points)

图一：把崇拜写在脸上。

图二：花300元做个“小

贝”头。

注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。17、2007： Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the

following drawing.In your essay, you should 1)describe the drawing briefly, 2)explain its intended meaning, and then

3)support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20

points)

四、考研论说文框架结构：3段、12句、160－200词、5－

7关联词、5－7从句

第四节 两图写作

一、考研论说文框架结构：

（一）第一段：图画描述，3句

1、总体描述：人物/动物/事物＋动作/服装＋环境/

表情，1句

2、挖掘细节词、串连成句：1－2句

3、文字说明/象征寓意：1句

（二）第二段：意义阐释，5句

1、主题句：象征寓意，1句

2、论证：3句

1）基础一般的同学：（1）讲原因：（2）讲故事：

（3）联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握

象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象）2）基础较好的同学：

（1）五大角度：背景、事实、反方观点、原因、后果（2）六种手段：因果、分类、定义解释、统计事实、举例、正反论证

3、小结：1句

（三）第三段：建议措施，4句

1、结论句：1句

2、针对双方提建议：2句

3、包装结尾、展望未来：1句

二、启承转合：

（一）启：启动观点、开篇点题

（二）承：观点承接、正面论证

1、First(ly), In the first place, First and

foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one

thing，2、Second(ly), In the second place, Besides，In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover，On the other hand, For another

3、Third(ly),(The)Last but not(the)least，More importantly, Even worse，（三）转：观点转折、反面论证

Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas，Yet, Instead, In/By comparison/contrast, On the

contrary

（四）合：文章结尾、合并归纳 As a result/consequence, Consequently，Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly

speaking，三、两图写作

（一）2003范文：

The set of drawings above vividly depicts the

destiny of a flower in different circumstances.As

is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is

placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters

it from the threatening lightening and storm.With

proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the

flower is growing in full bloom.On the contrary，when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to

the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals cast about on the

grounds.To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to

show us that the flower growing in the green house

cannot withstand the test of the storm, yet the

symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken

more seriously.The delicate flower is naturally

associated with young people, to be specific, the

only children in our current society;the

greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and

abundant material supplies that can shield the

children from the storms, or the harsh reality.Once the young people begin to seek independence

and accept challenges from the real world, they

are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the

face of difficulties.Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive

implications from these thought-provoking

drawings.On the one hand, we can frequently use

them to enlighten the youth to be more independent

in life.On the other hand, parents should be

sensible enough to give their children more

freedom to deal with troubles and problems.Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in

adversity can young people cultivate strong

personality and ability, and only in this way can

they become winners in this competitive world.（二）2006高分作文： 1、18分作文样例一

The photos vividly depict that nowadays many

people, especially, young fellows are tracing such

fashion.The first one signed the name of Beckham

on his left face, while the second one asked the

hairdresser to copy the hair style of Beckham with

about 300 yuan.Both of them are typical fans of

the well-known British football player－Beckham.This kind of social phenomenon is not entirely a

coincidence.There are reasons accounting for this

fashion.Firstly, with the rapid development of

society, some people feel dull and desperate about

the reality, so they desire to find some famous

people as their idols.In the way, they feel

satisfied with their life and have a goal to

achieve.Secondly, just opposite to the above，others are just fashion tracers.They barely want

to show that they are keeping step with the

fashion.Thirdly, some people even don’t have any special purpose but to do it as others.In their

deep heart, they don’t treat it as fashion but as

fun.Frankly speaking, this social phenomenon is very

dangerous to the whole society.Some young men

spend most of their time decorating themselves as

their idols.As a result, they don’t have enough

time to study or work, then they are always left

behind.Moreover, it is harmful to the

establishment of a harmonious society.To draw a conclusion, we don’t deny that people

should have their idols to admire, but in a

sensible way.They can learn from what they have

achieved and try to behave that way.And also

parents should give proper advice to their

children to form a proper outlook of the world.第五节 一图写作

一、两图写作：

（二）2006高分作文： 2、18分作文样例二

More and more young people are increasingly

influenced by foreign culture.As can be clearly

seen from the above picture, a young gentleman

puts “Beckham” on his face.Another decently

dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan

to have his hair made in his favorite style.It is

clear that the picture implies a common phenomenon

in our society today: more and more people，especially the young, are endlessly chasing

popular things, disregarding the cost that they

must pay.There are at least three good reasons for this

phenomenon.In the first place, the spreading of

foreign culture in our country in recent years may

be the main reason.Secondly, many young people in

our modern society have an open mind.Consequently, they are willing to accept new

things.Last but not least, a lot of people have

become richer and richer.As a result, they can

pay for the expense to do that kind of things.There may be other reasons, but it is generally

believed that the above mentioned reasons are

commonly acceptable.As far as I am concerned, the spreading of foreign

culture in our society is not a bad thing.But as

a popular saying goes, every thing has two sides.This phenomenon is without exception.My

suggestion as to the best way to cope with the

problem is as follows.On the one hand, people

should take a proper attitude toward this

phenomenon.On the other hand, our society is

expected to appeal to the general public to resist

its bad effect.I am sure that my opinion is both

sound and well-grounded.二、英语全攻略：

（一）培养兴趣：

1、听说方面：

1）英文歌曲：

2）原版影视：

2、读写方面：

1）女生：Romeo and Juliet, Jean Eyre，Love Story

2）男生：Bible, Ancient Greek and Roman

Mythology, The Old Man and the Sea

（二）掌握方法：“精”

1、听力：听写

2、口语：跟读＋模仿

3、阅读：背诵

4、写作：中译英 三、一图写作

（一）1998高分作文： 1、14分作文样例一：

The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon

that a variety of promises have been arising from

all walks of life.Regretably, quite a lot of

promises are sheer nonsense, just as the hen in

the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs

which are round without any angles and corners and have shells, egg whites and yolks.Odds and funny as they sound, such false

promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our

country.Administration departments assure to

perform their tasks effectively and fairly without

taking any bribes;manufacturing units guarantee

to turn out products of good quality;commercial

enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities

and polite and enthusiastic services.Can you find

anything new and substantial other than their

obligations, duties and jobs in these so called

promises? I guess your answer will be negative.As

a matter of fact, their intention to make such

commitments is nothing but to put on civilized

outer clothing to please or deceive the public.I dare say that your society is suffering

corruption and cheat which are causing damage to

society both materially and morally.But the hen

and her like should know that by dishonest words

no one can survive the intense competition under

market economy system.They should remember the

old saying, “Honesty is the best policy”.2、14分作文样例二：

Here is an interesting cartoon: With her head held high, maybe singing, a hen stands

proudly in the center of the picture with a notice

in hand.It says: “Firstly, I promise that the

eggs I lay are absolutely round without any square

corners.Secondly, they all have shells and cores.” It’s so ridiculous that we can’t help

laughing.But after that there must be something

left.Recently, many promises have come up in

many walks of life, especially the service

departments.They promise you that they will

provide you with warm smile service and good

products.AT first you are moved nearly to thank

them.But if you think twice, you may wonder if

those should be their duties.It goes without

saying that factories should produce goods of

quality, department stores should serve customers

politely, buses should arrive on time, and so

forth, because all of these are their

responsibilities.But why should they promise what

are their due jobs? One reason may be that they

want to correct their past mistakes under the

planned economic system.Another is that they

intend to improve their images and please the

customers.In my opinion, trying to be better is

worth welcoming, but making empty and false

promises is unacceptable.If factories, companies，stores and administrations do their jobs wee

rather than talk nonsense, our society will be

more prosperous.（二）2002高分作文： 1、20分作文样例：参见考研写作教材P.53(1)(1)This is a very interesting picture of a

lovely American girl dressed in traditional

Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face.She wears a pearl necklace, colorful ribbon, ear

rings, and other decorating things that are

characteristic of the clothes of a Chinese

minority nationality.It is obvious that as a

result of our open-door policy, more and more

foreigners visit China and become interested in

our national culture, which is making it go

international.There is no reason to make a fuss about

this phenomenon.With the rapid development of

technology and economy, the world is becoming

smaller and smaller, and international cultural

exchanges have become more and more frequent，which is inevitably improving our mutual

understanding and friendship with other countries.As Chinese citizens, we should respect our

own national culture and learn useful things from

the cultures of different nations, which will

enable us to make great progress in many ways.I

believe a happy and bright future is awaiting us

if we make every effort to promote cultural

development both nationally and internationally.2、18分作文样例：参见考研写作教材P.53(2)(2)Nowadays, “national culture or

international culture” has become a matter of

great concern for the general public in our

society, especially for those who are confronted

with this problem.Now let’s take a look at the

American girl in traditional Chinese costume.She

looks very beautiful with a nice smile on her

face.It seems that the girl is very fond of the

Chinese costume.Obviously, the picture indicates that a

culture of one nation may become international，which is beneficial to all the human beings.Since

China has opened its door widely to the outside

world, many people from different countries want

to visit China.They will accept and love the

Chinese culture as a whole.In addition, Chinese

culture should be well shared with foreign people

who have shown their great interest in it.Meanwhile, the Chinese people are also exposed to

foreign cultures when more foreign people come to

China.In this way people from various nations in

the world will be able to acquire better

understanding of each other and live peacefully in

this world.My opinion about this cultural phenomenon

is that a national culture should become

international.This is because the culture of any

nation is a kind of precious heritage, and belongs

to the whole mankind.（三）2004高分作文： 2、18分作文样例：

As is shown in the picture, on arriving at the

finishing line of a race on the playground, the

lovely young man has to continue his new journey

in no time instead of stopping to take a rest.He

has successfully settled the puzzle of “stopping

or going on” which might have confused many

others.With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps

no change has characterized the past decase more

dramatically than that of people’s view on their

own life.It is generally agreed upon that people

have to adjust themselves to this new change.On

the one hand, no doubt, people will gain a lot by

setting new goals in their daily life.take the

famous scientist Thomas Edison for example.He had

done very well in his early life, but continued to

pursue something more difficult all through his

life.On the other hand, if one is obsessed with

the success he has achieved, he would lose the

chance to pursue new success.What is more, he may

become the slave of his success.There are many

cases showing that people lose their courage to

better themselves after becoming successful.To sum up, one’s view on his success determines

his future.In my opinion, it is necessary to

carry out a nation-wide campaign publicizing

people who have a burning desire for more and ever

greater achievement when they are already well-

known.So that people in the society will develop

a forward-looking attitude and make their life

worth living and the world more beautiful as well.第六节 图表作文一、一图写作：

（三）2004高分作文： 2、16分作文样例：参见考研写作教材P.65(1)(1)The cartoon depicts a vivid picture in

which an athlete, dripping sweat, is rushing to

the end.Obviously, he wins the match, but this is

not the key message conveyed by the picture.The

most striking feature of the drawing is that the

same line is marked as both “the start” and

“the end”, which indicates that although the

athlete came to the finish, a new race is waiting

for him.The idea conveyed by the cartoon is

apparent: the end is a new start.It is widely

accepted that we should not be satisfied with the

present achievement, for nowadays new challenges

and competition never stop.The market economy and

competitive society drives many people studying

hard for higher academic degrees, some of them

even seeking the opportunities to study abroad.We

should spare no efforts improving ourselves，master high technology and professional skills.The we can make use of it to devote ourselves to

society.Take my father as an example.He was

denied higher education for historical reasons.But by self-study he became a technician in a

factory.Many people thought he was content.But

he never stopped studying.He took courses of law

in his spare time.Later he became a lawyer.“The

finishing point is just a new starting point”, he

said to me.二、钻石句型： 第一段

（一）现状说明：

1.When asked about…, most people believe

that…, but other people consider it differently.2.When it comes to…, people’s opinions differ.Some hold the opinion that…, while others claim

that….3.There is no consensus of opinions among

people as to the role of ….Some people claim that…, while others believe that….4.There is a general discussion today about

the issue of ….Those who criticize … argue that

„.They believe that ….But people who advocate

„, on the other hand, argue that….5.Most are of the opinion that….But I

personally believe that….6.Now people in growing numbers are beginning

to realize that….7.Now, it is generally acknowledged that…，but I doubt whether….（二）图表描述

1.In 1990, it increased/decreased from … to

„.2.By comparison with 1998, it

increased/decreased by …

3.The figure has nearly doubled, compared

with that of last year.4.It has increased/decreased almost three

times, compared with ….5.The number is twice as much as that of

1990.6.It accounts for … percent of the total.7.The number was …, less/more than a

half/third/quarter of the 1990 total.第二段

（一）原因列举

1.The phenomenon/change in … mainly

results/arises from the fact that … 2.One may regard the phenomenon as a sign

of/ response to …

3.There are many causes/reasons for the

dramatic growth/decrease.Firstly, … Secondly, …

Finally, …

4.A number of factors can account for the

change in …

5.Another contributory factor of … is … 6.Why are/do/did …? For one thing, … For

another, … Perhaps the primary reason is … 7.… is also responsible for the

rise/decrease in …

（二）观点陈述

1.The advantages of A outweigh any benefit

we gain from B.2.Good as A is, it has its own

disadvantages.For one thing, it …;for another，it …

3.Although A has

enormous/substantial/considerable advantage over

B, it cannot compete with B in …

4.A’s advantage sounds ridiculous/means

nothing when B’s advantage are considered.（三）利弊说明

1.Although a lot of people believe that …，I doubt/wonder whether the argument bears much

analysis/close examination.2.As opposed to widely held ideas, I argue

that …

3.Although the popular belief/idea is that

„, a current study/survey indicates that …

4.They may be right about …, but they seem

to neglect/fail to mention the fact that …

5.Although it widely accepted that …, it is

unlikely to be true that …

6.It is true that …, but this is not to say

that …

7.There is absolutely no reason for us to

accept/resist that …

8.What these people fail to

understand/consider/mention is that …

9.You may say that … It probably will.But

„

10.It is one thing to believe that …, but it

is quite another to say that …

（四）举例论证

1.Numerous examples can be given, but

this/these will suffice.2.I can think of no better illustration than

the following one(s).3.This case effectively clarify the fact

that …

4.This story tells that …

第三段

（一）归纳结论

1.From what has been discussed above, we may

safely draw the conclusion that … 2.All the evidence supports an unshakable

conclusion that …

3.It is high time that we placed great

emphasis on …

4.It is high time that we put an end to the

undesirable phenomenon of …

5.There is no denying that further attention

must be paid to the problem of …

（二）建议措施

1.It is necessary that effective actions

should be taken to prevent the situation.2.Hence, it is imperative for us to take

drastic measures/steps.3.We should appeal to the authorities to

make strict laws to control this problem.4.We should enhance/cultivate the awareness

of people that this issue is vital for us.5.Only in this way can we solve the problem.6.I believe we humans can overcome this

difficulty and we will have a brighter future.三、图表作文

（一）黄金句型：参见考研写作教材P.72“描写图表句型

”

描写图表句型

1.the

...2.The

that…

3.From the

given in the ，we can

that…

4.The

of … ，of last year.5.The

, compared with…

6.The

is

of 1990.7.The

was X percent，of the 1998 total.8.By comparison with 1990, it

than

9.It has

10.It accounts for 15 percent of the total.11.By 1998，12.A has

B

13.A has

the same

of

as…

14.… there

in

.15.The number of…

16.There

March，17.that is the

rate in history.18.The

remained

19.The

reached

20.The figure

percent, the highest

level ever recorded since 1960

（二）经典范文： 1、2001大纲样题： Directions:

Wide spread tobacco consumption has led to grave

consequences, yet the tobacco companies are still

claiming that they make a valuable contribution to

the world economy.There is a discussion in the newspaper on the

above two viewpoints.Write an essay to the newspaper 1)Criticizing the view of the tobacco

company and 2)Justifying your stand.In your essay, make full use of the information

provided in the pictures printed below.The majority of people would agree that cigarette

smoking has cause serious problems.Yet the

tobacco corporations insist that they contribute

greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to

the government and employing hundreds of workers.Personally, I assume that cigarette production and

consumption threatens to do more harm than good.To begin with, smoking is responsible for many

fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart attacks，to name only a few.According to the recent

survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of

the world population, and among them, three million people die from smoking-related illnesses

every year.The fact that the output of tobacco

production is reduced from 14.364 billion pounds

in 1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 also

indicates that people have come to realize the

negative effects of smoking.In addition, tobacco

consumption is extremely wasteful of money.As is

indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars

is due to smoking every year.Obviously, the total

loss of money around the globe substantially

exceeds the gain in industry.In conclusion, as the economic development aims at

making our life better, we cannot sacrifice our

health for short-term financial benefits.If we

have to spend more and ore money providing medical

services for those who suffer from smoking-related

illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via

tobacco production is not justifiable.It is high

time that we fought for the total tobacco ban.2、表格图：

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30

minutes to write a composition on the topic

Statistics in People’s Daily Expenses in Xi’an.You should write at least 120 words and base your

composition on the outline below:

1、Describe the changes indicated in the

table.2、The reasons for the change.3、Make predictions about the future

tendency.1995

1996 1997 1998 1999(%)Food

Clothing Recreation 4 Others

Total 100

`100

What is shown in the table above indicates that

dramatic changes have taken place in the daily

expenses in Xi’an from 1995 to 1999.The expenses

on food have declined by 30% while those on

clothing and recreation have increased

respectively by 9% and 7%.The statistics of rise

and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely

related to each other.There are two factors accounting for these

changes.Development in economy is an essential

one in five years.The increased income resulting

from economic growth plays a vital role in the less expense on food.Hence, a small percentage of

total income is enough to cover food expenses.Another one is the changes in life style.When

food presents no worry to the average, people

begin to focus more of their interest on handsome

appearance and happy leisure time.As a result of

such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation

increases year by year.From the analyses made above, we may come to the

conclusion that people’s living standards in Xi’

an have been constantly improved between 1995 and

1999.With the further growth in economy and more

changes in life style, the tendency indicated in

the table will continue in the better direction.（三）高分作文： 1、1997：

1）14分作文样例一：参见考研写作教材P.27（1）(1)We meet smokers everywhere: in the

streets, on college campuses and in shops.There

are 5.8 billion people in the world, and the

smokers are about 1.1 billion, which makes up 20

percent of the world’s total population.Smoking is very harmful.I think there are two main aspects to the damage.First, smoking

consumes a great deal of money.As is shown in the

pictorial graph, smoking wastes 200 billion

dollars, and it is the main cause of lung cancer.About 3 million people die because of the relevant

diseases derived from smoking every year.Because more and more people are aware of the

great harm of smoking to humans, the amount of

tobacco consumption is on the decrease.Form the

following figures we can clearly see the tendency.The total amount of world tobacco production added

up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but it

dropped to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.At the

same time, many countries call on people to give

up smoking.So it is certain that the number of

smokers is to decrease.2）14分作文样例一：参见考研写作教材P.28（2）(2)From the above set of pictures, we can see

that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds

of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion

pounds in 1995.Because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly, it can be predicted

that the tendency of tobacco consumption would

also be falling yearly.There are many reasons.Firstly, smoking wastes money.Every year there

are two hundred billion dollars “burnt” in the

cigarette “fire”, secondly, smoking would hardly

do people any good and it can even cause caner.Every year there are three million people “buried

” in the cigarette “tomb.”

Although tobacco consumption is falling，there are too many people who smoke.The

population in the world is 5.8 billion, but about

twenty percent of the population, that is to say

1.1 billion people smoke.So the situation is

serious and the movement against smoking is still

a difficult task.2、1999：14分作文样例：参见考研写作教材P.34（15-13 分）

From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that，with the growth of human population, the number of

species has decreased rapidly in America, and some

species have even vanished from our planet.Why does this phenomenon appear? I think

there are several possible reasons for this.First, with a rapid growth of population, more and

more people came to live where some wild species

have been living.Then these species have to move

to other places.Some of them probably cannot

adapt to the new environment and die.Second，although many people look on the wildlife as their

friends, some people may not think so.They catch

a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to

get more money.Third, with the development of the

industry, the natural balance and the ecologic

environment are destroyed.The deforestation has

become more and more serious.So some of the

wildlives become homeless and extinct.In order to protect the wildlife, I have

some suggestions.First, the governments should

make laws to prevent them from being caught and

killed.Second, the governments should educate

people to love the nature and protect it.Third，as for ourselves, we should take practical actions

to protect our living environment.四、课后复习：

1、通读教材、消化笔记：1－2月

2、十遍精读、背诵、默写、中译英：12月前

3、总结框架、考前模考：1月

五、《红尘巅》

天风摇我兮冷雨寒，壮观四海兮入涯渊； 不到长城非好汉，瞬间屹此两千年。心胸洞闪，独立峰巅；

恍若漓江之清叠影，洁雾缥缈兮寂寞何方仙？ 问尔嬴家小儿何所有？只识捏泥弄瓦群丘间！

远古庄公遨游红尘间，携与姑射神人意杳闲；

昔时侠士弹节击剑易水寒，子昂驱马怆然涕下于幽燕。况乃太虚幻境居梦阮，青莲傲彼蜀道难！英雄美人今在安？何时梦想成真幻？ 单枪匹马兮红尘巅，吾欲起兮飙浩瀚！

第二篇：新东方考研英语写作课堂笔记

考研写作

Chapter 1

一、复习计划

（一）考前复习

1、攻克词汇（9月份之前Chapter5）

2、精研真题（94-09考研词汇固定、词组固定、句子结构固定）

第一遍：做题前储备词汇量

第二遍：研究真题（英译汉）

第三遍：背诵，考研阅读，完形填空

3、模拟考试（1-5套）

（二）写作练习

10-20篇，考前1个月，必须30写完一篇，小作文：05年辞职信，06年请求信 大作文（8）：99年图表，00-06年图画

（三）时间分配

重点：阅读A节（40分）；写作（20分）

2点到5点考英语，考试时间分配：（抓大放小）

1）14：00-14：15写作A节 2）14：15-14：50写作B节 3）14：50-16：00阅读A节 4）16：00-16：20完形填空

5）16：20-16：40阅读B节

6）16：40-17：00阅读C节（翻译句子）

二、学习方法

（一）提高实力（70）步骤：

第一步：十遍精读。（真题，经典范文）三大角度：

第一、语言（4遍）：

1精读语言中的精彩词汇（抄写，造句）

2、牢记语言中的精彩词组（抄写、造句）

3、掌握语言中的精彩句型（抄写、造句）

4、掌握语言中的句子结构。注意五点：

一、简单句

二、从句，小作文3-5，大作文5-7个

三、时态：

考研作文以现在时为主，过去时：1)举例论证2）图表描述

将来时，第3段，最后一句话

四、冠词（什么名词前使用a、an、the）

五、主谓一致

第二、从结构方面（4遍）

1、每段主题句，论证、小结，逻辑结构

2、注意使用关联词：小3-5，大5-7

3、同义替换

4、代词替换

第三、从内容方面（2遍）：注意两点：

一、精彩观点

二、原因建议

（二）掌握技巧：背诵考研真题

（滚瓜烂熟 脱口而出 多多益善）

提示：

1、造句

2、熟悉：脱口而出

3、默写、对照原文（常犯的错误）

4、中译英

5、写作，模仿 总结框架三种方法：

一、从一篇范文总结

二、考研作文三段内容分别来自不同范文 三、三段的每一句话都来自不同范文

Chapter 3

一、要求

二、大纲解读

1、应用文：

1）私人、公务信函（重点）business letter 2）备忘录 memo memorandum 3）摘要 summary thesis abstract 摘要作文注意事项： 1）不要评论，不要照抄

2）不超过原文三分之一，可少不可多 4）报告 report :

1、调查报告

2、工作总结 考研英语写作重点准备信函（公务60%）告示类：

2、大作文：

1）描写文：图画描述、图表描述。以空间顺序展开（一般不会单独出现97-06年七年图画，2年图表）2）记叙文：以时间顺序展开（一般不会单考01，04，举例论证）3）说明文：表达或说明自己的观点 4）议论文：论证或驳斥他人观点 考研：4种文体一起考

3、语域：语言使用的范围

包括 1）正式语言（为主）

2）非正式语言（避免使用）可以使用的文体：私人信函、私人告示、备忘录

分为：（1）缩略形式

A． 缩写：（避免）I’m，It’s，They’re，e.g（for exmple），i.e（that is），etc.（and so on）B． 省略：（公务信函避免，私人可用）（I am）Looking forward to your reply.（2）口语表达：by the way，as your know，well，hi，！（考研作文不要喊口号）

注：大作文、公务信函、报告、摘要、公共告示，应使用正式语言。

私人信函、私人告示、备忘录

4、文体：英文文体分三类：

1）正式文体：大作文、公务信函、报告、摘要、公共告示 2）半正式文体：私人信函、私人告示、备忘录

三、06、00

四、阅卷揭秘

1、印象原则 书写公正、卷面整洁、字迹清晰（4级3秒6级5秒，考研2分钟）三眼：（1）第一眼：是否把答题纸写满，或接近写满，是否三段？两头小，中间大

（2）第二眼：每段第一句是否主题句？第三段点出图画寓意。第三段是否主题句？建议措施

（3）第三眼：扫描查看。（积累句型）

2、字数原则 小作文100-120（一行10个字，10到12行）大作文160-200（16到20行）

3、句数原则

长短结合，以短句为主 简洁就是美，不在于难词，适当

小作文：一般7-10句话，3长4短

大作文：一般12句话，5长7短（短句10个词，长15-20词）

Chapter 4 语言第一位，结构第二位，内容第三位

一、语言的标准

1、简介：写想到的第二三个词语，表达

广泛的知识Extensive knowledge 猛烈的竞争fierce competition

2、丰富多变（英文表达首选句型）

例：“我认为” I hold the opinion that 其次词组：I cling to the opinion that In my view，find out 再次词汇

reckon

assume

assert 1）英文表达首选句型 “重要”：due(足够的，充分的)attention has to be paid 考研英语要大量使用被动语态 Importance should be attached to 2）词组

Be of utmost importance 3）词汇

Vital

essential

crucial “越来越多的人”：people in mountain numbers 越来越Increasing student

二、结构

关联词：小，3-5个，大，5-7个

逻辑分段&情感分段：英文写作是逻辑分段 作者交代&读者领会：英文写作是作者交代 迂回模式&直线模式：英文写作是直线模式 《天涯~明月~刀》古龙 天涯远不远？ 不远

人就在天涯，天涯怎么会远？

明月是什么颜色的？

是蓝的，就像海一样蓝，一样深，一样忧郁 明月在哪里？ 就在他的心里 刀呢？

刀就在他的手里 那是柄什么样的刀？

他的刀如天涯般辽阔寂寞，如明月般皎洁忧郁，有时一刀挥出，又放佛是空的 英文：逻辑分段，作者交代，直来直去 考研作文：举例论证

一）结构要求：启承转合

1、启：启动观点，开篇点题

每段第一句，启动整个段落

2、乘：观点承接，正面论证

正面论证：

1）分类（第二段，2-3点，第三段，2点）

First and foremost , to begin with In addition

furthermore 2）因果

最强：Because

in that Since

as For 注：in 3）举例

For instance A case in point that 一个恰当的例子是

3、转：观点转折，反面论证

基础好的可以反面论证

但是

Unfortunately

yet

whereas

4、合：文章结尾，合并归纳

三个地方：1）末段首句

2）二段

“因此 ”Hence

，accordingly

in conclusion

三、内容第三位

不要跑题

第三篇：新东方考研应用文写作信件,便签,备忘录

2005年新东方考研英语网络课堂应用文写作手记 二 应用性短文的写作方法： 应用性短文包括：信件（Letter）、便笺（Note）、备忘录（Memo）信件：应用最广，范围较宽，可长可短、可正式可非正式、可写给熟人亦可写给组织团体 便笺：A note is just a short informal letter.便笺通常写给认识的熟人或朋友，一般与信件类似，但格式更加非正式化——简言之，即“短小的非正式信件”。3 备忘录：A memo is a short official note written to another person in the same company or organization.——简言之，即“短小的正式信件”。因此，最关键是要掌握对于“信件”的写作方法！三 大纲对信件的评分标准： 信息