第一篇：申论宝典

过渡段

1.要实现()目标，必须综合运用(行政、法律、经济手段和宣传教育)的配套措施，调动政府、(企业和)社会的积极性，多管齐下、全面推进()工作。

2.(保护环境，构建资源友好型社会)关系到广大人民群众的切身利益和中华民族的生存与发展。为了(建设生态文明)，实现国民经济的可持续发展，我们要把(环境保护)工作放在经济发展的突出位置抓紧抓好。为此，政府可从以下几个方面着手:

领导重视、提高认识

1.充分发挥政府的主导作用，切实推行政府绩效管理和行政问责制度。正确处理(经济增长速度)与()的关系，真正把()作为硬任务来抓。把()各项工作目标和任务逐级分解到各地和重点企业，并建立科学合理的政府绩效评估指标体系和评估机制，将()指标完成情况纳入各地经济社会发展综合评价体系，作为政府领导干部综合考核评价(和企业负责人业绩考核)的重要内容。建立健全()工作责任制和问责制，地方各级人民政府对本行政区域()负总责，政府主要领导是第一责任人。按照“谁决策、谁负责”的原则，明确问责范围，规范问责程序，加大责任追究力度，并把结果公之于众，以提高政府执行力和公正力。

2.加强()，切实()，就要把()工作摆上各级党委和政府重要议事日程。各级政府部门应该深刻地认识到，()是政府社会管理、公共服务的重要组成部分，要立足当前、着眼长远，制定和实施正确有效的()政策措施，着力推动()。要抓住重点、集中力量，形成协调一致和分工合作的良性机制，切实提高()。要大力弘扬(科学)精神、普及(科学)知识、树立(科学)观念、提倡(科学)方法，努力形成全社会共同促进(科技进步和创新)的良好氛围。

健全政策法规，完善制度

1.进一步完善()的法律体系，加大政策的调控力度。把()作为当前宏观调控的重点，起草()法律、法规、规章、标准及其他规范性文件草案，要实行立法工作者、实际工作者和专家学者三结合，按照法定的程序征求意见，组织专家进行论证，召开立法听证会、座谈会或者在有关网站、报刊上公布()立法草案，充分听取公众意见。()法规及相关管理制度实施之后，实施机关应当定期对其实施效果进行评估，将评估意见报告制定机关。制定法律的机关要不断完善涉及()方面的法规，根据实施情况和实施机关的评估建议及时地按照法定程序予以修改或者废止。同时应健全社会预警体系，加强应急管理工作，切实提高危机治理能力。

加强监督、全面落实

2.健全和创新()监督体系，拓宽和健全监督渠道，展开联合执法，加强社会监督，强化监督管理，把权力的运行置于有效的制约和监督之下。把权力的科学配置与对干部的有效监督结合起来，建立健全依法有关行使权力的制约机制；各级()部门应建立内部与外部相结合，形成监督合力，综合运用多种监督手段对权力运行全方位监督；把事前监督、事中监督和事后监督结合起来，加大()的全方位全时段的监督检查和执法力度，建立健全听话诫免制度，扩大()审计的范围，建立健全审计结果的处置机制；推进政务公开，提高政府工作透明度，保障民众知情权、参与权和监督权。并对有关情况进行登记造册，建立监督档案。

组织协调、形成机制

2.预防先行，加强()监测和预报。有效的事前预防不仅能降低()的发生率，而且也能大大节约治理的成本，还可避免给国家和群众带来不必要的痛苦和损失。因此要转变治理第一，预防第二的观念，转而投入一定量的资金、技术、服务用于防疫系统。同时，要加强()监测和预报，这是公共防疫系统的基础。只有形成有效的信息反馈机制，才能及时采取有效应对措施。

1.通过深化改革消除制约()的体制性和机制性障碍，建立有效的激励约束机制，利用经济手段激励引导()。积极稳妥地推进(煤、油、气、电、水等资源性产品的价格)改革，按照补偿治理成本原则提高排污单位排污费征收标准，健全(矿产)资源有偿使用制度，建立(生态环境)补偿机制，完善促进(节能减排的)财政政策、税收政策。(通过价格机制的作用，将能源和环境的成本内化到企业的生产决策中去，将节能减排与企业的经济效益紧密结合起来，引导企业自觉地实施引进新技术、改造旧设备、发展循环经济、推行清洁生产等节能减排行动。)加强宣传、营造氛围

1.是动员全社会的力量参与到()行动中来。()不仅是企业和政府的事情，还必须依靠全社会的力量。通过广泛的新闻宣传，使全社会了解()重要性、紧迫性以及国家采取的政策措施，提高全民的()意识，在全社会树立()的良好风尚，从而形成以政府为主导、企业为主体、全社会共同推进的()工作格局。

教育培训，提高素质

1.加强()，切实()，科技是关键，人才是核心，教育是基础。要坚持教育优先发展，全面推进素质教育，适应经济社会发展对知识和人才的长远需要，加大统筹城乡教育发展力度，普及和巩固九年义务教育，加快发展职业教

育，着力提高高等教育质量，深化教育改革，优化教育结构，推动教育全面协调发展，为建设创新型国家提供人才支撑。要努力建设学习型社会，在全社会树立全民学习、终身学习的理念，使每个人都不断获得新知、增长才干，跟上时代前进的步伐。要尊重知识、尊重人才，坚持把发现、培养、使用、凝聚优秀科技人才作为科技发展的重要任务，建立健全一整套有利于人才培养和使用的激励机制，促进创新人才特别是年轻人才脱颖而出。

2.通过()教育培训，提高广大领导干部工作人员人民群众的()素质。

依靠技术，增加投入

1.寻求各种途径，进一步加大财政和科技投入力度，切实解决()问题。科技是第一生产力。政府应该充分发挥引导作用和示范效应，加强对()增量资源的有效配置，尤其是加强关键性科技的投入，使()得到切实解决。此外，光靠政府的资金投入只能解决一时的燃眉之急。因此，应该广泛吸引社会资金参与()，逐步形成多元化的()投资体制。政府要充分发挥信用作用，在现行金融政策和体制框架下，积极探索寻求合理科学的融资机制。

2.加大对()投入，各级政府要将()列入本级财政支出的重点内容并逐年增加，加大对()监管能力建设的投入。总结反思，借鉴经验

1.扩大国际()合作与交流，积极吸引进国外资金、先进()技术和管理经验。我们不仅要继承和发扬传统的方式和理念，还应与时俱进，与时代同步，与国际接轨，建立新的方式和理念。

第二篇：申论宝典

申论范文200篇宝典

银行考试中的写作部分常常被大家称之为申论，也就是公务员考试中的申论，其实银行笔试中的写作和公务员的申论还是有区别的，公务员的申论往往是针对时事，政治性比较强，但是银行的写作往往考察政治时事观点比较少，更多的可能是侧重考察你的思考问题的思维，比如工行东莞分行的一道写作题：你的人生观和人生理想（如何在工行实现你的人生理想），更像是高考作文。但是公务员的申论范文还是有其借鉴意义和可以学习的地方，申论的写作的严谨性和写作的套路也是适用于银行笔试的写作的，所以这里参考公务员申论的200篇范文，希望可以帮到大家.目录

申论课堂60--75分之道 ···················································································································· 6 录用国家公务员考试科目《申论》有关问题问答 ············································································ 6 申论写作九步法！······························································································································ 7 关于“申论”的一些经验之谈 ··········································································································· 7 公务员考试笔试应答技巧—选择题 ··································································································· 7 怎样确定申论主题 ······························································································································ 8 申论范文：官员究竟应当敬畏什么 ··································································································· 9 申论范文：警惕金融腐败“期权化” ······························································································· 9 申论范文：腐败的车轮需刹住 ········································································································· 10 根治“车轮下的腐败” ···················································································································· 10 申论范文：“招商热”还须冷思考 ·································································································· 11 申论范文：雇员制有利于打造“服务型”政府 ·············································································· 12 申论写作：公务员诚信不仅仅是“私事”······················································································ 13 申论写作：刹住高校毕业生就业率造假歪风 ·················································································· 14 申论写作：应正视官员的功利价值观 ····························································································· 15 申论写作：取消事业单位干部称号追求社会平等 ·········································································· 15 申论写作：干部考试作弊理应重罚 ································································································· 16 申论范文 ··········································································································································· 17 中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定（全文）·································································· 21 人民日报社论：加强党的执政能力建设的重要纲领 ······································································ 31 三个代表学习资料问答集 ················································································································ 33 申论中的五种思维能力 ···················································································································· 35 固定答题模式套写破解申论 ············································································································ 37 公务员考试申论的文体：议论文构思方法······················································································ 40 申论考试的应试方法 ························································································································ 42 申论范文 ··········································································································································· 44 应正视官员的功利价值观 ················································································································ 48 申论考试的解题环节和方法 ············································································································ 49 申论复习及热点参考 ························································································································ 49 申论热点：为人民服务让人民满意 ································································································· 50 申论热点：浅谈农民税收负担过重问题 ························································································· 51 申论热点 ··········································································································································· 53 申论热点：“招生传销”贻害无穷 ································································································· 55 申论热点：农民税收负担过重问题解答 ························································································· 55 申论热点：冠成集团从事“三农实践”的报告 ·············································································· 57 申论热点：求解“三农”：农业产业化农村城镇化农民市民化 ··················································· 60 申论热点：城市农民工社会保障问题初探······················································································ 65 申论热点：大学生网络色情犯罪问题！························································································· 69 申论热点：我们需要什么样的基础教育改革？ ·············································································· 72 申论热点：拆违章建筑应拆出什么精神？······················································································ 73 申论写作：高校教师应重修德 ········································································································· 74 申论热点：请为平民的群体遇难下半旗 ························································································· 75 申论热点：招商为何招来“百姓怨” ······························································································· 75 申论热点：韩国人的“民族精神”不可学？ ······················································································ 77 申论热点：加大惩罚力度势在必行——由河南重大矿难引起的思考 ············································ 78 申论热点：讨要工钱何时才能走出“以死抗争”的困境 ······························································· 78 申论热点：由温总理讲话风格谈中国古典文化教育失落 ······························································· 79 申论热点：严防“占地风”卷土重来 ····························································································· 80 申论热点：赵本山以人大代表身份打官司行吗 ·············································································· 81 申论热点：农业产业化、农村城市化、农民市民化 ······································································ 81 申论热点：落实惠农政策不能打折扣 ····························································································· 86 申论热点：短视的“家庭养老”法规 ····························································································· 86 申论热点：“献礼工程”当休矣 ····································································································· 87 申论热点：权利缺乏保障是社会贫困的重要因素 ·········································································· 87 申论热点：探讨中国制造业“走出去”之路 ·················································································· 88 申论热点：查出了问题就不要放过 ································································································· 89 申论热点：政府办好事莫忘依法行政 ····························································································· 89 申论热点：莫把办实事变成官员表演秀 ························································································· 90 申论热点：“让人民满意”最体现执政能力 ·················································································· 90 申论热点：教育乱收费也伤害了孩子 ····························································································· 91 申论热点：网上扫黄要建立长效机制 ····························································································· 91 申论热点：制止向农民隐蔽性“乱收费”······················································································ 92 申论热点：治理网吧既要治“吧”也要治“网” ·········································································· 92 申论热点：关注社会保障四大问题 ································································································· 93 申论热点：对“感情投资”，应适时说不······················································································ 95 申论热点：1400万就业缺口的国家大事 ························································································ 95 申论热点：依法执政需要新的“稳定观”······················································································ 99 申论热点：大学生写下万言遗书:是什么使他走上不归路？ ························································100 申论热点：不要把低工资作为“巨大诱惑” ·················································································102 申论热点：低工资成本的背后 ········································································································103 申论热点：向网上“红灯区”亮红灯 ····························································································104 申论热点：论女公务员“性感有罪” ····························································································104 女公务员着装不是小问题 ···············································································································105 为何只要求女公务员着装不得性感？ ····························································································106 如何界定女公务员着装“时尚而不性感”? ···················································································106 女公务员着装不性感那叫什么时尚啊？ ························································································107 申论热点：各地干部制度改革的八大亮点·····················································································107 申论热点：劣质奶粉清剿风暴 ········································································································ 110 申论热点：三农问题观点集锦 ········································································································ 111 解决“三农”问题必须改革乡村治理结构····················································································· 113 三农问题再解析 ······························································································································ 116 解决三农问题的根本出路 ···············································································································122 农民负担重在哪里? ·························································································································127 农民问题与中国的政治生态 ···········································································································128 怎样解决“三农”问题中央农村工作会议透视 ·············································································130 申论热点：依法打造执政新形象 ····································································································131 申论热点：“问题农药”诱发“毛田事件” ·················································································133 申论热点：“临时工”不应被社保遗忘 ························································································134 申论热点：“致富路”缘何成了“民怨路&n ·················································································134 农民最苦农民最福（三农问题系列之一）·····················································································135 申论热点：留学热，一声叹息！····································································································136 申论热点：中国防治艾滋病工作持续不懈·····················································································140 申论热点：中国正建立战略石油储备体系维护国家石油安全 ······················································141 申论热点：中国人民大学秦宣教授谈：“北京共识”、“中国模式” ·······································142 申论热点：一费制难治择校费顽症 ································································································147 申论热点：不收学费只收杂费义务教育推行“一费制”··································································149 申论热点：“民工荒”是否成为长期现象？ ·················································································150 申论热点：中国很需要一个法定的“国耻日” ·············································································150 申论热点：“廉政金”制度，利器还是花架子？ ·········································································151 申论热点：国耻日更要拉响“记忆警报”·····················································································152 申论热点：郎顾案：谁代表着“主流” ························································································152 申论热点：贪官的忏悔有几分可信？ ····························································································153 申论热点：农村救助任重道远 ········································································································154 申论热点：“恶人治村”的深层原因 ····························································································155 申论热点:莫要“亡羊”才“补牢” ······························································································155 申论热点：让我们的国民性更好些 ································································································156 申论热点：公务员的最高奖赏是人民满意·····················································································159 申论热点：“全部满意”为何让人不满意·····················································································160 申论热点：还有多少公款“考察团”在行动 ·················································································160 申论热点：问一问群众方便不方便 ································································································161 申论热点：官员“无奈”实乃“无为” ························································································162 申论热点：女公务员着装规范不是小问题·····················································································162 申论热点：法官为何月收8000？公务员收入悬殊大 ····································································163 申论热点：“审计风暴”之后的中国决心·····················································································163 申论热点：奥运金牌 ·······················································································································165 申论热点：政绩观！·······················································································································165 申论热点：大学生“生存训练”引发关注和思考 ·········································································168 思考：“生存训练”给大学生带来什么 ························································································169 申论热点：媒体热赞王幸福维权 ····································································································170 申论热点：还有多少“红楼”在等着贪官？ ·················································································171 申论热点：能官犯事儿”折射出什么 ····························································································172 申论热点：让权力不再成为贪官的“资本” ·················································································173 申论热点：有多少人能经得住这种“调查”？ ·············································································174 申论热点：“废止经济犯罪死刑”不是纵容腐败 ·········································································175 申论热点：公务员不该有“肥差”“瘦差”之分 ·········································································176 申论热点：模特大赛缘何傍上色情 ································································································176 申论热点：独资化渐成趋势？ ········································································································177 申论热点：党校的“五不文凭”应该坚决清理并废除 ·································································178 申论热点：广东出现民工荒劳动部门警示企业要善待劳工 ··························································178 申论热点：一月30万张罚单沈阳交警咋了？ ···············································································179 申论热点：大国奥运应把目光投向金牌之外 ·················································································180 申论热点：谁是“电视医院”的“医托”及反思“新兴医院现象” ···········································180 申论热点：信访、信息和信任 ········································································································181 申论热点：严禁教育乱收费通知为何不管用 ·················································································183 申论热点：严禁教育乱收费通知为何不管用 ·················································································183 申论热点：腐败分子现形为何多源于偶然事件？ ·········································································184 申论热点：考场不是市场 ···············································································································184 申论热点：两会”热门话题一览 ····································································································185 申论热点：农村养老为民解除老所忧 ····························································································186 申论热点：传销骗局调查：1个农民和他的2000个大学生下线 ·················································188 申论热点：警惕“陈化粮”背后的陈化 ····························································································191 申论热点：公共管理需要社会化 ····································································································192 申论热点：生产安全拒绝“带血的GDP” ························································································192 申论热点：怎么看待大学校园创业热 ····························································································193 申论热点：助学，从理想化到制度化 ····························································································194 申论热点：大学生租房面面观！····································································································195 男女同居过日子成为校外租房一大原因 ························································································195 申论热点： ······································································································································197

申论课堂60--75分之道

首先在这声明一下,高手就不必看此贴了.这里是针对那些功疧较差,想掌握一点技巧,考个6070不至于丢面子的人.靠文字功底固然很好.但对大家多数应试者来说,他们的只需要技巧.掌握了技巧不一定能得高分,但绝对不会低分.我敢保证,功底差的60分没问题,一般都可以得70分以上.首先,描述现状,也就是概括材料反映的问题.其次,分析问题.分析这和现象产生的根源.第三,解决问题.提出解决问题的方法.最后,展望未来.也就是适当拓展一下,眼光看长远一点,不只是就事论事.大体结构是这样,但不要搞三段论.中间两点要分一下段,比如解决问题,一个方法一段,两三条措施就两三个自然段,整篇文章五六个自然段就漂亮多了.另外再强调一点,中间两点:分析问题和解决问题是整篇文章的关键,可详写一方面,略写一方面.比如你分析问题拿手,就重点写分析问题,搞出三四个方面来,那么解决问题就一毛带过,稍微提一下就行了.这样详略得当还更好.不然,申论试卷只有不到两千个格字,你尾毛胡子一把抓,啥也不是.最后,字要写漂亮点,多看一些文字,句子通顺一点.要不然,给定格式你也填个狗屁不通,龙飞凤舞,要是你阅卷你会如何评呢? 录用国家公务员考试科目《申论》有关问题问答

问：什么是国家公务员录用考试的《申论》考试科目？

答：《申论》取自于古代汉语，即申述、申辩、论述、论证之意。它是为完善国家公务员录用考试而新设的一种笔试科目。2000年，国家人事部开始在中央、国家行政机关面向社会公开考试录用国家公务员笔试户首次尝试。通过近两年的实践取得了良好的效果。《申论》既区别于古代科举考试中要求就给定的题目论证某项政策或对策。撰写论文的策论形式，也有别于以往公务员录用考试中的命题作文形式。《申论》考试的内容、方法及其要达到的测评功能，实际涵盖了策论和作文这两种考试形式的基本方面，把阅读理解和写作有机地结合起来，形式新颖、灵活，能够更好地测评考生的综合素质；有效地防止“高分低能'现象的产生。

问：《申论》考试的具体内容是什么？

答：《申论》考试的结构比较规范、清晰明确。首先是给定一篇（或一组）1500字的资料，要求应试者在认真阅读给定资料的基础上，自命一个题目，紧扣给定资料反映的主要问题，申述、阐明、论证对问题的基本看法和解决问题的方法（一般要求在1200字左右）。

问：《申论》考试有哪些特点？

答：首先，《申论》考试的背景资料具有普遍性。作为一名合格的公务员，必须对社会的各个方面都有所了解，有所认识，有所思考。公务员录用考试适应对公务员能力和素质的要求，比较注重应试者实际能力的考查，考试内容并不局限于某一方面，对政治、经济、法律、文化等均有涉及，一般都是社会热点或者大众媒体关注的焦点，即背景资料不生僻，具有普遍性；另一方面，《申论》试题表述明确，涉及的内容、观点和问题对每个考生都很公平，每个考生都能根据自己的实际情况和对背景资料的认识有感而发，即《申论》考试对不同专业的考生都是公平的，具有普遍性。

其次，《申论》的题目具有很强的针对性。虽然《申论》考试题目的背景资料涉及面广，内容复杂，但重点突出。针对性和可行性是《申论》考试的精髓，找准了答题的突破口，就能较好地构建答题的思路和完成论证。因此，考生应仔细地阅读给定背景资料，不要匆忙作答和写作。只有在把握背景资料本质内容的基础上，抓住重点，条分缕析，使回答和论证更富有表现力和说服力。否则，只能是四处出击，尽管洋洋洒洒，长篇论道，但却不得要领，事倍功半。

再次，《申论》考试的作答方式具有灵活性。《申论》考试要求考生根据不同的背景资料、不同的提问内容和方式，具体问题具体分析，不循规蹈矩并巧妙地解决所问问题，提出应对措施和解决方案。同是《申论》考试，不同的结构和内容要求考生灵活处理，而不能墨守成规，千篇一律。

问：《申论》考试有哪些测评要素？

答：从《申论》考试的内容和特点，可以看出《申论》考试主要侧重考查应试者对给定资料的阅读理解能力、综合分析归纳能力、提出和解决问题的能力以及文字表达能力，这是与行政机关的工作性质对合格公务员的能力素质的要求相统一的。首先，公务员应有全局观念和综合能力，具有全方位、多角度的思维方式，善于把多种事物、多种因素联系起来综合分析，具有较强的分析归纳能力；其次，公务员应能够认识和掌握客观规律，要有深邃的洞察力。在通过对大量的资料进行科学分析的基础上，能透过纷繁的外在现象看到问题的本质，善于从微小的征兆中发现大的问题，能及时作出正确的判断和选择，能作出很好地解决问题的方案和具体措施；再次，《申论》考试能测查考生掌握信息的多与少，快与慢，对与错。另外，《申论》考试形式既严格又灵活，能有效地考察考生的文字表达能力，要求考生摈弃套话、闲话，要求分析、论证和解决问题透彻、全面、清晰。编校／付立平

申论写作九步法！

引论：（用一段）1.概括材料2.略作分析3.提出论点 本论：（用二至三段）4.道理论证5.举例论证6.对比论证 结论：（用一段）7.联系实际8.深化中心9.发出号召

关于“申论”的一些经验之谈

小弟今年参加了公务员考试，已经最后确定被录用。在论坛里看了许久，发现许多人对申论不是很有把握。今年本人申论考了80分（100分制），还算不错，这几天细细总结分析了一下，写了点东西，供将要参加考试的同志参考，如果能从中得到一二用处，足矣。

1、仔细阅读材料，从给出的各种看起来似乎没有多少关联的材料中“提出”所指向的一个共同的“问题”。基本上近些年申论都是给你大概7到8个独立的现象，这些现象过程不一，但多少都有一个共同的问题，比如环境污染和经济发展、比如网络快速发展的同时和青少年的危害、比如能源危机等等。所以第一步也就是最关键的，就是找出“申论”中的“论”，有论才能申之。

2、关于写作的框架，的确，申论不同于传统教育中的议论文，根据我的经验，通常一篇完成的申论的基本框架如下：A、点题（一句话或者两句话引出材料中之问题焦点）B、分析问题（分析焦点问题的来由，现状和可能的发展）C：解决问题（这部分最重要，申论考察的其实就是这一点，就是你对这个危机问题或者焦点问题是有怎样的想法和怎样的解决方式）

3、几个注意点：写申论最好能在每个部门中，无论是问题还是解决问题都采用“一，二、三”的层次表达，显示你的条理。

4、一定要自圆其说，每个人从材料中归纳出来的问题或者焦点可能不尽相同，你一定要围绕问题，得出自己的意见，然后围绕自己的意见分析问题，进而提出解决的方法。

5、开头和总结非常重要，一般开头就是引出问题，表示对什么问题的关注，结尾的时候在提出解决的问题的方案的基础上对这个问题的发展的展望。

6、最好能够借用一些马克思、邓小平和毛泽东思想中分析问题和解决问题的一些基本观点。比如一分为二，主要矛盾和次要矛盾、矛盾的主次方面、两手抓等等。

7、字迹要清楚，字数要适当。

8、找几篇样文，研究一下，看看人家是怎样布局的。

9、要冷静，要自信，公务员考试笔试应答技巧—选择题

选择题的类型主要是单选题、多选题和双选题这三种。前两种类型在我国公务员录用考试中应用

较为广泛。在解答过程中考生可以采用的方法主要有以下几种：

1.淘汰法

最适合单选题。当确定一个选择项不符合题意时，便将自己的注意力迅速转移到下一个选择项，依次加以否定。假如第一个选择项就是正确答案，那么后面的几个选项就可以忽略不看，这样可以节省时间

2.去同存异法

应试者在阅读完试题内容和所有选择项后，根据题意确定一个选择项为参照项，该选择项同其他选择项存在着比较明显的特征差异。然后将其他选择项与之进行对比，把内容或特征大致相同的项目去掉，而保留差别较大的选择项。再将剩余的选项进行比较，最后确定一个符合题意的正确答案。

3.印象认定法

印象认定法是指根据印象的深刻来选择答案。应试者在读完一道试题的题干和各项选择项后，各选择项对于考生大脑的刺激强度是不同的。有的较强，有的较弱，那些似曾熟悉的内容必然会在头脑中最先形成正确选项的印象，因此，据此作出的判断的命中率还是比较高的。

4.比较法

此方法应用范围较广。在解答单项选择题时，应试者可以将各选择项同题意要求进行纵向比较，根据各自同题意要求差异的大小来确定最符合题意要求的答案。在解答多项选择题时，就要求考生将选项同题意要求作纵向比较，再将前一过程中保留下来的选项进行横向对比，最后确定符合要求的正确答案。一般经过这两次的对比之后，漏选或误选的可能性就比较小。

4.大胆猜测

如果运用其他方法都无法确定正确答案，可以通过猜测来立案，这可以避免考生在这种试题上过分深究，影响自己的注意力和情绪，同时也有一定的命中率。

怎样确定申论主题

定主题的三个步骤： 其

一、找出结果

申论考试的材料往往头绪杂乱，层次混淆； 可是上述材料一定会给出问题造成的结果； 这些结果就是我们找出主题的基本线索。其

二、由果导因

一般来说，事物都有因果关系： ○或一果一因、或一果多因 ○原因有主有次、有深有浅 其

三、引伸原因 提示：

问题类型归纳举例： 污染事实上升到环保； 治安现象上升到稳定； 房屋拆迁上升到城建； 三乱现象上升到执法； 考试、留学上升到教育； 人口问题上升到计划生育； 汽车堵塞上升到城市交通； 下岗分流上升到社会就业； 偷税漏税上升到社会分配；

户籍问题上升到城镇化建设； 农民进城上升到三农问题。

申论范文：官员究竟应当敬畏什么

新闻主体：据《中国青年报》报道，一些地方官员的迷信现象令人吃惊，部分领导干部敬畏鬼神，身后经常出现所谓“大师”的身影。他们或因官迷心窍，求“大师”指点升官捷径；或因做了亏心事，在反腐高压下，祈求菩萨保佑，逢凶化吉。

迷信是一种盲目信仰和崇拜，迷信与部分官员的“亲密接触”现象令人担忧。

官员迷信的例证在现实中可谓层出不穷。几年前山东泰安原市委书记胡建学为了升官，经风水先生“点拨”在水库上修了一座桥，还绞尽脑汁地命名为“岱胡大桥”。桥建成了，官不但没有升反而因贪污受贿被判了死缓。难怪后来当地群众将这座桥称为“逮胡大桥”。

据观察，痴迷于求神拜佛等迷信活动的官员大多有贪污、受贿、渎职等腐败之嫌，这些人将迷信作为自己的“护官符”。从这个意义上讲，腐败阴影下形形色色的官员迷信现象基本上属于一种颇为典型的“腐败后遗症”。

官员们应当扪心自问：我们该对什么执着？该对什么虔诚？该对什么敬畏？人，是需要有一点敬畏之心的，否则就可能变得浮躁、庸俗甚至为所欲为。一言以蔽之，官员应当对法律敬畏，对民意敬畏，对责任敬畏。

敬畏法律，是因为法律作为限制公权力的利器，是约束官员恣意妄为、滥用行政自由裁量权的枷锁。从一定意义上讲，依法治国的精义在于依法治“官”而不是依法治“民”。依法行政、依法决策、依法领导应当是各级官员必须恪守的法治信条。将依法治国的第一要义理解为“依法治民”，是对依法治国基本方略内涵的严重误读，也是不少官员尤其是某些基层领导干部根深蒂固的思维定式。

敬畏民意，是因为民意是正义和公道的发源地。古语云：“民可载舟，亦可覆舟”、“顺民者昌、逆民者亡”，可见民意的重要性。“执政为民”是全体领导干部必须牢记和努力实践的信条。只有对民意真正持一种敬畏之心，才可能真正体察民情，才可能真正做到全心全意为人民服务。

敬畏责任，是因为拥有权力就意味着必须承担相应的责任。责任是权力的“潜台词”，责任意识是“一切有权力的人”都应当具有的基本理念。责任追究机制乃是高悬于“一切有权力的人”头上随时可能坠落的“达摩克利斯之剑”。

官员的官德修炼应当与时俱进，不断提升自己的道德修养和自我反省能力，不断清除积淀于灵魂深处的陈腐观念。这就要求官员应当“诚信”而不应“迷信”。衡量现代官员诚信与否的重要标准就是是否敬畏法律、敬畏民意、敬畏责任，而不是敬畏什么鬼神和“风水”。

申论范文：警惕金融腐败“期权化”

在前不久国家审计署公布的2003年审计报告中，金融领域的问题十分突出。随着金融改革力度的加大，金融领域腐败现象又有所抬头，并开始出现了“期权化”的不良倾向，值得有关部门及金融监管当局重视。

所谓金融腐败“期权化”，是指金融系统个别领导干部尤其是商业银行高管人员依规或违规为企业发放贷款、逃废债务提供方便、谋取好处，在位时并不拿企业的好处，而与企业暗订“君子协议”，期许在辞职或其他“方便的时候”，再到企业“打工”，通过拿高薪来获取企业回报，有的则更为干脆要借贷单位在其退休或辞职后按贷款的一定比例给予高额回报。这是金融系统个别领导干部尤其是商业银行高管人员权力寻租的又一新动向。

近几年来，随着金融竞争的加剧和银行打破终身制，一些金融单位高管人员产生危机感，开始利用手中的权力进行寻租，为自己寻找所谓的“出路”和“退路”。尽管这一现象不是十分普遍，但可以说金融腐败“期权化”是近年金融系统部分或个别腐败分子被改革和反腐败“逼”出来的新对策。它的安全性与隐蔽性，使得金融反腐更加复杂化。查存款，他没有多余来源；查受贿，当时并没有钱物往来。因为“期权化”交易，只有当事人双方心明肚知，办起事来，彼此心照不宣，就是拿到桌面

上，让众人“监督”，也看不出个所以然，整个过程可能都是“照章办事”，容易欺骗大家，博得好评，使人们失去了对其背后阴谋的警惕。这也是当前各家金融机构新放贷款形成不良及不良资产前清后增、不降反升的重要原因。

笔者认为，这一新出现的腐败“期权化”现象关系到金融改革的成败与安全，应引起国家有关部门及金融监管当局的高度关注与重视，采取有力措施，切实加以解决：一是进一步完善《金融高级管理人员准入办法》、《金融管理人员行为规范》和有关廉政规定，特别是从法律制度上杜绝或减少公权私用、权力寻租的可能，不仅要规范在职的，还要严管离职的。二是削弱个人职权，增加集体把关。要让各级金融管理人员有权，只能慎用、微用，集体阻断个人专权。三是金融系统各级高管人员“跳槽”、“下海”必须严格遵守不能在信贷单位、企业的工作规定，违者从严依法查处。同时要注意把好干部聘任与人员分流关。四是强化永久责任追究制。金融领导干部、高管人员退职、离职和辞职后感到可疑的，可以随时审计、复审，查出了问题，不论其离开原岗位有多长时间，也不论其走到了多远的地方，都要追究责任。要让搞腐败的人知道，“期权化”并不是可靠安全港，同样随时会受到法律制裁。

申论范文：腐败的车轮需刹住

据央视国际(焦点访谈)6月21日报道，为了加强党风廉政建设，中央对于各级党政机关干部坐的公车早就制定了严格标准，禁止购买豪华进口车。但云南省呈贡县政府却以“工作需要”为由，一下子买了五辆丰田越野车，每辆车的花费高达68万元。

具有讽刺意义的是中国青年报昆明6月16日电文：云南省纪委6月16日派出4个检查组，前往16个地州市，严查在今年前5个月波及全省、势如泄洪的各级官员违规购车行为。

强烈的反差不容置疑的告诉人们一个事实：“严查”只是面子工程而已，而这种面子工程往往又是以非常令人“赞赏”的姿势出现，又以其必然失败而告终，值得人们深思和玩味的是一个贫困县农民年人均收入在3000元左右，值得人们注意的是这些钱还是来自一个重点工程项目昆洛公路。

谁给予了他们如此权利，让他们如此为所欲为，是什么导致此种结局呢？

最根本的原因是漠视群众的利益，个人小团体利益至上，腐化(浮华)的攀比心理作祟。车辆如此昂贵，县区又是如此贫困，政府领导不一心将人民的利益放在头等大事上来抓，却只考虑购车来满足“工作需要”，以前有领导蹬自行车去乡村考察民情的事情已经被他们忘记。如果真的是工作需要，难道说就一定要照顾到车辆的规格品牌形象吗？浩浩荡荡的豪华车队开到乡村，又有多少贫困的人们会相信他们真的是来体恤民情的，“县里五套班子买了新车，县国土局不甘落后，也买了同样的车”足以展示小团体利益至上，腐化攀比心理做鬼的丑态。其中一个重要的原因是现在的突击性质的监察太具有时效性的同时却缺乏了持久性，这就给予了腐败分子以可乘之机，类似的一些政府搞“三令五申”的“文件政策”想达到法治的目的显然不够客观和实际，这正是缺乏法治的表现，欧洲国家的法律人士在中国的时候就感到十分的困惑，为什么一些地方政府老是想用“文件”来治理而不是靠长久的法律规则。

西部的发展离不开重要硬件基础工程的建设，而他们则以其非常轻松的手段就挪用了公路建设的款项，个中原因成分说明款项监督机制的脆弱以及权利制约的失衡，当地的群众已经达到了“敢怒不敢言”的程度，足以显示“位微言轻”的群众监督之力量的弱小。怎么样给予群众强有力的监督权力不仅仅是呈贡县应该思索的问题，也是云南省政府的一些部门必须考虑的问题，因为事件的发生已经不折不扣的给自己以前的举动扇了一个耳光，大张旗鼓的宣传取得“势如泄洪”的成就背后依然隐藏着不可低估的危机。

有分析人士将这种现象归结为“车轮腐败”，如果我们不能够从中找出论腐败的具体的根本的原委，就很难从根本上解决问题，要解决这样的问题绝对不是需要对曾经的“功绩”使劲的宣扬就可以达到对最犯法者的威慑的。腐败的车轮需刹住！(熱冰)

根治“车轮下的腐败”

有报道说，今年以来，云南省各级官员违规购车势如泄洪。截至5月底，全省党政机关、事业单位共购买超标公务车255辆，涉及金额1、26亿元。这些超标车中167辆是大排量豪华越野车，最贵的一辆88万元。

这一情况是怎么出现的？原来，去年云南省纪委有个通知，规定当年全省各级党政机关、财政拨款的事业单位和国有亏损企业，不准购买小汽车，历行“无车年”计划。通知告诫各级领导干部，要增强忧患意识和责任意识，把有限的资金集中用来解决关系群众切身利益的问题。同时，建立了严格的购车审批制度，非极其特殊的情况，车辆无法落户。这样，当时想买车的官员只好望车兴叹。进入2004年，“无车年”结束，一些官员被憋压了365天的购车欲望终于不可遏