2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

第一篇:2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题:
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it.We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46)It is painful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ethic yet,(47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(48)Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops.(49)To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50)It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.-1-
解析:
(46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.jumped to the rescue迅速的其来援救
shaky不可靠的,站不住脚的to the effect 大意是;大致是说
eat us up 吃掉我们
【解析】本题考查的知识点是:固定短语、同位语从句、状语从句、从句嵌套、根据上下文确定词义。
一般来说,汉语句子多用动词,而英语句子则多用名词、形容词、副词和介词等。因此,在翻译时。有时需要将英语中这些词性的词转换成汉语的动词。
【译文】科学家们急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,其大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。
(47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.drawn near the point of近乎draw移动,进行,也可用于比喻义
intrinsic right天生/固有权利
economic advantage经济利益
a matter of关乎„„的事情
regardless of不管,不顾,尽管,表让步
【解析】本题考核知识点:介词短语、宾语从句。介词短语译成句子(regardless of „)
介词短语作定语或状语时,往往是定语从句或状语从句的简略形式,译成汉语时,可拆开分译。
【译文】但是我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,他们有自由生存下去的权利。
(48)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.time was when:曾几何时
overwork 滥用
game 猎物,野禽,野味
prey on捕食
worthless 没有价值的【解析】本题考核的知识点是:固定用法、同位语从句的翻译
【译文】有些证据表明:这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康,或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值”的物种。曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。
(49)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, with reason.non-commercial:没有经济价值的tree species:树种
native:当地的as such:如此,像这样的within reason:合理的【解析】考核的知识点是:非限定性定语从句、固定短语结构的辨析 such as 和 as such 两者词序相反,意义区别很大。
【译文】在林业生态更为发达的欧洲,没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员,并得到相应的保护。
(50)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.【解析】本题考核的知识点是:定语从句、不定式
tend to 倾向;往往
element 物种
in the land community 在陆地群落中
functioning 动作;运行
【译文】这种保护体系往往忽视陆地群落中诸多商业价值但对其健康运作至关重要的物种,而最终导致它们的灭绝。
第二篇:2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题:
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.(46)of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.(47)of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.(49)Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(50)-1-
解析:
1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.be viewed as被视为
institutions大学,学院
educated受教育的legal learning法律学习;学习法律
the special preserve(of lawyers)律师的特权;律师的特有领域
intellectual equipment知识体系;知识储备
【译文】长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:被动语态、并列连词和后置定语。
【技巧补充】
(1)被动语态的翻译
若被动句中的主语承载着句中的主要信息(如本题中的legal learning),在翻译时可以仍然将它译作主语,其翻译方式有两种:
①用汉语主动句表达被动意义,如:In the meeting this question will be discussed briefly.在会议上,这一问题将进行简要地讨论。
②译为汉语被动句,采用“被„„”,“为„„所„„”的结构如:Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.希特勒被历史的风暴席卷而去。
该句谓语后的介词短语 in such institutions 在语法上作状语,但在含义上,其为动作的出发者,即主语。翻译此类句子,还可将英语原文中的 by, in, for 等作状语的介词短语转换成名词,译成汉语句子的主语,同时将英语原文中的主语译成宾语。例如:A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。
(2)并列连词的翻译
并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或分句。由于他们的使用习惯与中文相似,因此翻译时只需准确的译出并列连词的含义即可。常见的并列连词有:
①表示转折:but 但是,while 然而,whereas 然而。②表示选择:or 或者,either...or 要么......要么∕......或者......,neither...nor 既不...也不∕......和......都不,rather than 而不是。③表示联合:and 和 ,both and.....和.....都,not only...but also 不仅...而且,等等。
2、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.manner方式
forge形成联系
cover news报道新闻
everyday realities日常生活
parallel to就像;与......相似;与......一样
on a daily basis每天的做法
【译文】另一方面,这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中,这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:嵌套式定语从句。
【技巧补充】嵌套式定语从句的翻译
嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。当定语从句较长,不适合作前置定语时,可以采用分译法,即将嵌套式定语从句拆分成两个句子,分别进行翻译。
例如: Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks(塞尔柱突厥人)(1)who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire(2)where they were employed as mercenaries(雇佣军)。译为:同样,在东方是塞尔柱突厥人,(1)他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国;(2)在那里被雇为雇佣军。
3、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.more profoundly更深刻;更深入;更深
rest on建立在......上;立足于
the established conventions已确定的约定;建立起来的规定
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:同位语从句、后置定语。
4、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.the basic features基本特征、基本要点
have a clear grasp of清楚地理解;清楚地了解;清楚地把握
a competent job on political stories做好政治新闻的报道工作
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:形式主语it、多重复合句、词性转换。
5、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.enhance stories提升报道质量;为报道增色;加强报道效果;提高新闻水平
it is preferable for journalists...对记者来说是好事
rely on凭借;依靠;根据
nations of significance对重要性的理解
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是形式主语it、让步状语从句。
第三篇:2008-2011年考研英语真题英译汉翻译
2008年真题参考译文
达尔文在其自传中用极其谦逊的口气评价了自己的智力。他指出,想要简洁明了地表达自己观点的时候,他总会遇到很大的困难。46)他相信,正是这种困难或许能够扬长补短,以使他长时间专注地思考每一个句子;因此,使他能在推理和自己的观察中发现自己的缺点。他认为自己完全不具备杰出的赫胥黎那样的反应速度和理解力。47)他还断言,在深入理解冗长且完全抽象的一系列观点上,他的能力很有限。鉴于此,他曾深信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。他还认为自己的记忆杂乱而模糊,从某一个方面来说,甚至是很糟糕,以至于他记住某个日子或者是一行诗歌的话,几天就能忘记。48)另一方面,批评家指责他尽管善于观察,但却不能推理,对此,他并不接受且认为毫无依据。他认为,这种批评是错误的,因为《物种起源》这本书从头到尾都是长篇大论,却说服了很多有才华的人。他承认,如果不具备推理能力,没有人能够写出这样的书。他愿意这样说自己:“我具有一定的发现能力和常识判断能力,正如每一个成功的律师和医生必须具备的一样;但是,我认为,我的水平不高。”49)他谦虚地补充道,或许他“和普通人比起来,更能够注意到那些别人容易忽略的细节,更能够对此加以仔细观察”。
在生命最后一年的写作中,他表示,在过去的二三十年中,他的思想在两三个方面发生了变化。到三十多岁的时候,诗歌带给他极大的快乐以前,绘画也能给他带来兴致,而音乐能给他无穷的乐趣。然而,他在1881年说:“这几年来,读一行诗,我就受不了。我也几乎快要丧失了自己对音乐和绘画的品味了。”50)达尔文认为,失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣,不仅失去了幸福,而且还可能损伤智力,甚至更可能损伤道德。
2009年真题参考译文
每个人在与别人共同生活中所受到的教育和有意识地对年轻人进行的教育,这两者有明显的区别。就前者而言,教育是偶然的;这种教育是自然的、重要的,但它并不是人类联合的确切的原因。46)可以说,要衡量任何社会制度的价值,就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影 1
响,但是这种影响并不是其初始动机的一部分。例如宗教的联合始于希望取得统治力量的恩赐和避开罪恶的影响;家庭生活始于希望满足各种欲望和使家庭永存;系统性的劳动,主要是为了奴役别人,等等。47)这种制度附带产生的影响只能逐渐地得到认识;而在实行这种制度的过程中,认识到这种效果具有指导作用的过程则更加缓慢。甚至在今天,在我们的工业社会中,除了某些勤奋和节俭的价值观念以外,世间工作得以进行的人类联合的各种形式的理智的和情感的反应,和物质产品比较起来,所受到的关注微乎其微。
但是对待年轻人,人类联合的事实本身,作为当前的人类事实,具有极其的重要性。48)在我们和年轻人接触的时候,虽然容易忽略我们的行为对他们性格的影响,但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。训练的需要太明显了,改变他们的态度和习惯的要求很急迫,以致不能对这些后果完全不加以考虑。49)既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活,我们不能不考虑我们是否正在形成一种力量,这种力量可以确保我们获得这种能力。如果人类在认识各种制度的最终价值在于它对人生的特殊影响这一点上已经取得一定进展,我们可以深信,这个启示主要是通过和年轻人相处学到的。
50)因此,在上述(目前为止已经考虑到的)宽泛的教育过程中,可以使我们区别出一种更正规的教育,即直接教导或学校教育。在不发达的社会群体中,很少有正规的教学和训练这些群体为把必需的性格灌输给年轻人,主要依靠使成年人忠于他们群体的相同的联合。
2010年真题参考译文
完全以经济动机为依据的保护系统的根本弱点是生物群落的大多数成员都没有经济价值。然而,这些动物都是生物群落的成员,如果它的稳定取决于其完整性的话,他们有权继续生存下去。
当其中一个非经济范畴受到威胁,如果我们碰巧喜欢它,我们就会编造借口赋予它经济意义。在世纪初鸣禽原本应消失,46)科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾,大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话,害虫就会把我们吃掉。必须有经济利益的证据才有合法性。
今天,读到这些转弯抹角的解释让人痛心。我们仍然没有土地伦理,47)但是我们至少已经几乎承认鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利,不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
类似的情况在哺乳类动物和食鱼鸟中也存在。48)曾几何时,生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据:这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或它们只是去捕食“没有价值的物种”。
有些品种的树木已经被有经济头脑的林务员清除出去了,因为它们发育过慢或价值太低,不能做木材树种。49)在欧洲,其林业在生态上更加发达,公益林木被认为是原始森林群落的一部分,同样应该得到合理保护。
总之,仅仅以经济利益为基础的保护系统是完全片面的。50)它容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种,然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
2011年考研英语真题英译汉翻译
Part C Translation
46.Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share---that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts---and reveal its erroneous nature。
【考查分析】本题考点:同位语从句,定语从句
【答案解析】本句的主干是Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption and reveal its erroneous nature。破折号后面的that引导同位语从句,对前面的assumption解释说明。We all share是定语从句,修饰assumption。
【参考译文】我们每个人都认为:自己不是机器人,因此能够控制自己的思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说,并揭示其错误的本质。
47.While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”
【考查分析】本题考点:状语从句
【答案解析】本句结构特别清晰,主干是While we may be able to sustain ….,we are faced with a question…。while引导让步状语从句,后面“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”是question 的具体内容。本句采用顺译法。
【参考译文】我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉,但事实上,我们却总是面临一个问题:我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事情,实现那个目标呢?
48.This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom。
【考查分析】本题考点: 省略、介词短语、复杂表语
【答案解析】本句的主体结构为:This seems a justification and a rationalization。本句的难点在于运用很多介词短语作后置定语,介词短语套介词短语,使得宾语非常复杂。“for neglect of those in need”修饰“justification”、“of exploration”、“of the superiority”“of the inferiority” 修饰rationalization。而“of those at the top”和“of those at the bottom”又分别修饰superiority和inferiority。
【参考译文】这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口,使剥削合理化,令上层人优越,底层人卑微。
49.circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation。
【考查分析】本题考点:并列从句,定语从句。
【答案解析】本句主体结构是:circumstances seem to be designed to…., and if we feel that… then we are unlikely to… “环境好像是为…,而设计,如果我们感受到…,我们就不可能…”; “bring out” 是产生、使…显示出来;“wronged” 是“被冤枉,被委屈”的意思,“be(un)likely to do”(不)可能做某事;
【参考译文】环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能,如果我们总感觉“上天不公”,那么不太可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。
50.The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us;where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.【考查分析】本题考点:主系表结构、分词短语的用法、连词where引导的状语从句。
【答案解析】本句主体结构为The upside is the possibilities,译为“正面意义在于可能性”。Contained in knowing that everything is up to us,是过去分词结构作后置定语。分号后面是一个有连词where引导的状语从句。Where 在这里是“在某种情况下(in what situation, to what point)的意思。
【参考译文】积极的一面是,既然万事都取决于我们,那么就有无限可能。以前,我们能够熟练应对种种局限;现在,我们把握着未来的可能。
第四篇:1988年考研英语真题及解析
1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Close Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D].Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)
①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God
1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧
months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrims
that winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Living
began to improve in the spring of 1621.1○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were plentiful.1○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing.1○6The colonists‟ health
with the warm weather and their better diet.1○7In the fall, they look back
the past year.○18They were both regretful and thankful.○19Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained.○20The price in human life and tragedy had been great.2○1On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future.○22A splendid harvest was
them.2○3They were ready for the second winter with confidence.2○4They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter.2○5Seven were for families, and four were for communal use.2○6 9 , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.2○7The woods and forests became safe.○28When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists.○29At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday.○30It was their first Thanks giving Day.[328 words] 1.[A] in their own style
[B] in their own way [C] on their own
[D] of their own 2.[A] course
[B] route
[C] passage [D] channel 3.[A] Uncomfortable [B] Bad
[C] Unfavourable [D] Terrible 4.[A] passed
[B] sustained [C] survived [D] spent 5.[A] situations
[B] environments [C] conditions
[D] circumstances 6.[A] strengthened [B] regained [C] recovered [D] improved 7.[A] in
[B] of
[C] over
[D] at 8.[A] on
[B] behind
[C] for
[D] beyond 9.[A] Best of all [B] For the best [C] To their best [D] All in all 10.[A] ashore
[B] around
[C] about
[D] aboard
试题精解
一、文章结构分析
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了“五月花号”抵达美洲新大陆的情况及感恩节的来历。
第一段交代了文章的背景:一批殖民者到达北美新大陆。①至④句介绍了“五月花号”前往美洲的原因,⑤至⑩句介绍了“五月花号”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陆后遇到的困难,○11至1○6句介绍了他们生活条件得到好转的原因及表现。第二段通过对过去的回顾与对未来的展望,叙述了朝圣者怀有感恩的心态并与当地印第安人签署友好协定,为下文感恩节的形成做了铺垫。
第三段说明了感恩节产生的直接原因:朝圣者想庆祝他们定居新家的第一年。
二、试题具体分析
1.[A] in their own style
[B] in their own way以…特有的方式 [C] on their own单独,独立地
[D] of their own自己的,本人的 本题考核的知识点是:句内语义+固定短语
[快速解题]空格处填入的短语作状语,修饰worship God,说明朝圣者前往新大陆的原因。in one‟s own way是固定搭配,意为“以…特有的方式”,代入文中意为“以他们特有的方式敬仰上帝”,符合上下文逻辑关系,为正确答案。on their own与of their own不符合文意,style虽然可以表示“方式、方法”,但该含义不用于in one‟s own…结构,应排除。
[篇章分析]①至④句是第一段的第一个层次,揭示了五月花号前往新大陆的原因。④句是一个复合句,主干为They were looking for a place,后接where引导的定语从句修饰place。[空格设置]in one‟s own way是固定短语,如:I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的确是以她特有的方式爱你。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用常见的固定搭配设置干扰。例句:The accident happened through no fault of her own.这一事故的发生不是她本人的过错。He did it on his own.这件事他独立完成了。
2.[A] course航向,航线
[B] route路线,路途 [C] passage通道,航程
[D] channel渠道,海峡 本题考核的知识点是:名词词义辨析
[快速解题]空格处填入的名词作lost的宾语,因此此题关键是判断那个选项可与lost搭配且符合文意。四个选项构成的动宾搭配分别表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路线”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峡”,显然不存在后两种搭配,首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具体指出了是海上航行,因此排除常指“地面路线”的route,最佳答案为[A]course。[篇章分析]⑤至⑩句是第一段的第二个层次,分别介绍了朝圣者在航行中及登陆后遇到的困难。
[空格设置]course除了考生熟悉的表示“课程”的含义外,还可意为“(船或飞机的)航向,航线“,如:The plane was on/off course.飞机航向正确/偏离航向。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用其他表示“路径”的词对course形成近义干扰。例句:Which is the best route to take? 哪一条是最佳路线?This passage will take us to the other building.穿过这条通道,我们就可以到达另一座大楼。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投诉必须通过正当途径进行。
3.[A] Uncomfortable令人不舒适的 [B] Bad令人不快的,坏的
[C] Unfavourable不利的,有害的 [D] Terrible可怕的,造成极大伤害的 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+形容词辨析 [快速解题]空格处填入的形容词做定语修饰months,意为“…的几个月”。months后面的of…介词结构也做定语后置修饰months,由of后面的一系列名词“starvation、disease、death”可知,这几个月的情况是极其严重的,因此,在四个选项中应选择表示恶劣程度最深的terrible。
[空格设置]terrible的词义和用法比较简单,本题需要考生理解上下文的具体内容做出选择。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用表示“不利的”的形容词设置干扰,考生需结合词语表达含义的程度与具体语境排除干扰。
4.[A] passed通过,经过;消磨,度过
[B] sustained维持(生命、生存)[C] survived生存;幸存,挺过,艰难度过 [D] spent花(时间),度过 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+动词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分意为“朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人…那个冬天”。pass常用于指无聊或等人时打发、消磨时间;spend强调以某种方式花时间,常接on sth或in doing sth来表示方式。sustain虽然含有“生存”的意思,但其后常接life或人作宾语,不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有survive,指“艰难挺过那个冬天”,与上一题中的terrible相呼应。[空格设置]本题借survive考查了考生对上下文的理解。例句:I can‟t survive on $40 a week.一星期40美元,我无法维持生活。
[干扰项设置]其他项是利用表示“度过”的动词对survive构成近义干扰,考生要在理解词义的基础上对单词的用法区别掌握。例句:We sang songs to pass the time.我们借唱歌消磨时间。Few planets can sustain life.能够维持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作业用了多长时间? 5.[A] situations情况,状况
[B] environments环境 [C] conditions环境,条件
[D] circumstances条件,状况 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+名词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分living 5 意为“生活…”,四个选项都含有“环境,状况”的意思,但是侧重点各有不同。situation强调特定时期和特定地点形势、局面,environments特指影响个体或事物行为或发展的环境,conditions指居住、工作或做事情的环境或条件,circumstances尤其指经济状况。由living以及下文的vegetables、berries等词可知,这里指的是人们的生活条件得到改善,符合文意的为[C]conditions.[篇章分析]○11句至○16句是第一段的第三个层次,指出了朝圣者在新的定居点生活条件得到改善的原因及表现。
[空格设置]conditions本身词义比较简单,但要求考生根据上下文语境排除干扰,作出正确判断。例句:changing economic conditions不断变化的经济状况。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用表示“环境、状况”的名词对conditions形成近义干扰。这几个词虽然含义相近,但用法上各有不同,例句如:We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我们都遇到过类似的尴尬局面。They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.他们创造了一种可以大大提高生产力的环境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.补助金根据经济状况发放。6.[A]strengthened加强,巩固
[B]regained 重新获得,恢复 [C]recovered恢复健康,康复
[D]improved 改进,改善 本题考核的知识点是:动词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分的主语是the colonists‟ health,此题的关键是判断哪个动词能与health搭配,并且能与上下文衔接。strengthened指“增强能力或地位等”,不能与health搭配,首先排除。regained意为“恢复”时常做及物动词,不符合文中用法,但是可以说…regained health。recovered本身即意为“恢复健康”,不需要health作主语。符合上下文语义的只有improve,在文中意为“健康得到改善”。
[篇章分析]○16句的主干部分是The colonists‟ health improved,介词with的用法比较特殊,表原因,介宾短语with…解释了health improved的原因。
[空格设置]improve的含义比较简单,但用法很丰富,可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”,如:His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手术后他的生活质量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions提高效率/标准;改善条件。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用考生熟悉的汉语表达法设置干扰。汉语里经常有“恢复健康、增强健康”的表达方式,考生要熟悉英汉两种语言表达方式的区别,排除干扰。例句:Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近几个星期以来,她在党内的地位有所增强。I struggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢复自己的一点儿尊严。He‟s still recovering from his operation.手术后,他仍在恢复之中。7.[A] in
[B] of
[C] over
[D] at 本题考核的知识点是:介词搭配
[快速解题]空格处填入的介词既要与look back搭配,又要能接the past year作宾语。不存在look back in与look back of的用法,首先排除[A]和[B]。look back over与look back at都可意为“回顾”,但look back at后面接具体的时间或事物,look back over后面接特定阶段,显然文中the past year强调的是一个时间段,符合要求的是look back over,代入文中意为“回顾过去的一年”。
[篇章分析]第二段分为两个层次:1○7至○20句是对过去的回顾,2○1至○26句是对未来的展望与准备。○21句句首on the other hand表明了这种今昔对比。
[空格设置]介词over的含义和用法都很丰富,在知识运用的文章中经常出现,考生要结合具体语境掌握该词用法。
[干扰项设置]其他项利用其他可与look搭配的常用介词设置干扰,需要正确理解上下文才排除干扰。8.[A] on
[B] behind
[C] for
[D] beyond 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+介词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them,意为“一个大丰收…他们”。由○17句in the fall和○23句ready for the second winter可知,他们在秋天已经取得大丰收,并为第二年冬天做准备。behind意为used to say that sth is in sb‟s past,它代入文中,意为“他们身后是(秋天的)一个大丰收”,即“已经获得了丰收”。其他项与them搭配分别意为“由他们支付”、“为了他们”与“他们无法理解“,均不符合上下文语义,应排除。[篇章分析]2○1句是第二段第二个层次的总起句,指出了对未来的希望。2○2句至段末分别从食物、住所以及人际关系三方面举出了充满希望的原因。
[空格设置]本题通过behind考查了考生对文章内部时间逻辑的把握,及它本身不为考生所熟悉的含义。例句:She has ten years‟ useful experience behind her.她已有十年的经验,能派上用场。[干扰项设置]其他项都是利用常用介词设置的脱离上下文的无关干扰,联系上下文语义不难排除。
9.[A] Best of all最好的是,尤其 [B] For the best出于好意 [C] To their best
[D] All in all总的来说 本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系
[快速解题]空格处填入的短语放在句首,体现句子之间的逻辑关系,此题的关键是判断空格前后部分的逻辑关系。to their best短语不存在,首先排除。上文都是讲殖民者为来年做的物质准备,○26句重在强调人际关系方面的改善,体现这种强调关系的只有best of all。[篇章分析]2○6句虽然是一个简单句,但是句子结构比较复杂,主干为they had established a treaty of friendship,句首的best of all与with..,under…,in…三个介宾短语做状语。[空格设置]逻辑关系在知识运用中的考查比重越来越大,需要考生提高语篇结构的分析能力。例句如:Best of all, we don‟t have any homework.最好的是我们没有什么家庭作业了。[干扰项设置]其他项都是利用词形设置的形近干扰。例句:I did it for the best.我是出于好意这么做的。All in all it has been a great success.总的来说,那是个巨大的成功。10.[A] ashore在岸上
[B] around周围 [C] about到处
[D] aboard在(船、车飞机)上 本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+副词辨析
[快速解题]空格所在部分意为“当‘五月花号’返回英格兰的时候,没有一名殖民者…”,显然,表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章语义的衔接,为正确选项。其他三项不符合上下文,应排除。
[篇章分析]2○7○28句承接上文,总结指出殖民者生活状况好转,他们在殖民地定居下来。○29句是过渡句,指出他们想要建立一个节日庆祝新的生活,由此引出○30句感恩节的来历。[空格设置]aboard的含义和用法都比较简单,但需要根据上下文进行推断。
[干扰项设置]其他项是利用aboard的形近词设置的干扰,由于都脱离了上下文,不难排除。
三、全文翻译
1620年,一艘被命名为“五月花号”的小帆船离开伦敦驶往新大陆。“五月花号”向位于弗吉尼亚州温暖海岸的詹姆斯顿殖民地行进。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者,他们正在寻找一个地方,在那里他们能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂风和凶猛的暴风雨,“五月花号”迷失了航向。1620年12月份,这一群勇敢的殖民者最终不得不在位于马萨诸塞州岩石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陆。当时正是北方严冬时期,他们将面对的是充满了饥饿、疾病和死亡的极其可怕的几个月。朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人活过了那个冬天。许多妇女把她们少得可怜的口粮留给了自己的孩子,自己却死于饥饿。生活条件在1621年的春天开始改善:有了野菜、浆果和水果以及充足的鱼和野禽。因此,尽管缺乏狩猎、捕鱼的技巧和经验,他们也能够获得足够的新鲜肉类。由于天气变暖和饮食的改善,殖民者们的健康状况得以好转。在秋天,他们回顾了过去的一年,既遗憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下来,人类生命的代价和和悲剧是如此巨大。另一方面,他们看到了未来的新希望。在他们身后是(秋天的)一个大丰收,他们充满自信地为第二个冬天的到来做好了准备。他们有十一所用于抵御严冬的简陋房屋,其中的七所为家庭所有,四所作为公用。最重要的是,在马萨索特酋长的监管下,他们在夏天与其印第安邻居订立了友好协定。林地和森林变安全了。那年夏天,当“五月花号”返回英格兰的时候,船上没有一名殖民者。在他们定居新家的第一年年底,这些朝圣者想以一个真正的节日来庆祝,这便是他们的第一个感恩节。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can‟t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you‟re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you.I‟m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren‟t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you.I want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are off--both eager to look for exactly what you want.①It‟s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary;they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America.I‟m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I‟m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree.That‟s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier.I‟d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don‟t just sit there taking in ideas--you do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one‟s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、词汇
1.make no difference没有...作用或影响
2.specific a.明确的 3.suppose v.假设,以为,认为
4.at random随便地,任意地 5.happen to(do sth)碰巧(做某事)
6.skim v.略读 7.react to对...做出反应
8.take in接受,理解
二、长难句
1.It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can‟t remember it.该句的主干为It doesn‟t come as a surprise to you,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to realize that …,that引导的从句做realize的宾语。宾语从句为主从复合句,句末为if引导的条件状语从句,主干为it makes no difference,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的what you read or study。
翻译:如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西,那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了,这一点毫不出奇。
三、文章结构分析
这篇文章主要探讨阅读和学习中记忆的方法。文章段落分散,语言平实易懂,总体可以分为三个部分。
第一部分为第一段,提出现象:指出记忆对于阅读或学习的重要性,并且记忆需要聪明的方法。
第二部分为第二至五段,叙述帮助记忆的方法之一:有目的或有原因的阅读。以购物过程和阅读过程做类比说明,有目的或有原因的阅读可以帮助读者获得明确信息并进行良好记忆。第三部分为第六至八段,论述阅读的过程——理解内容和批判性地思考评估内容,而后者又包括区分事实与观点、评判信息来源和进行准确推理。
四、试题具体分析
11.If you cannot remember what yo
11.如果你不能记住所阅读或学习的内容,________。[A] 这毫不出奇
[B] 这意味着你没有真正学到任何东西 [C] 这意味着你没有选对阅读的书籍
[D] 你意识到这无所谓 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
第一段指出如果你不能记住你所读或所学的内容的话,就是在浪费宝贵的时间,即你没有从中学到任何东西,[B]选项正确。
[A]和[D]选项偷换概念,第一段指出,如果不能记住所读或所学的内容,那么所读或所学内容无关紧要,这一点毫不出奇,而非“不能记住所读或所学内容”不出奇或无关紧要。[C]选项无干干扰,从文中无从推知。
12.Before you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book
12.在你开始阅读之前,有必要________。
[A] 确定你阅读的原因 [B] 将信息与目的联系起来 [C] 记住你所读的内容 [D] 选择有趣的读物
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
第二段提出一种帮助记忆的可靠方法,即有目的或有原因的阅读,换句话说,就是在阅读前确定阅读的目的或原因。[A]选项正确。
[B]和[C]选项张冠李戴,它们是阅读和记忆过程中的步骤,而非阅读前的步骤。[D]选项无中生有。
13.Reading activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences
13.阅读行为包括________。[A] 仅仅两个同时发生的过程
[B] 主要是理解内容和批判性地评估内容
[C] 仅仅区分事实与观点 [D] 主要进行准确推理
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。由题干关键词reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出阅读并非一项独立的行为,它包括至少两个同时发生的重要过程。③④句列出这两个过程:迅速而准确地理解内容和以自己的思维表述对所读内容的反应。[B]选项是对这两个过程的同义改写,为正确项。[A]选项以偏概全,第六段首句指出阅读行为至少包括(at least)两个同时发生的过程,而非仅仅(only)这两个过程。[C]和[D]选项张冠李戴,“区分事实与观点”和“进行正确推理”是最后两段提到的“对所阅读的内容进行思考的附加过程”的部分内容,而非阅读行为的直接过程。一般而言,带有绝对意味的限定性词语的选项(如only和merely)都不是正确项。
14.A good reader is one 14.一位好读者是________。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 将其所读的内容与其了解的主题相关知识联系the subject matter 起来
[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在阅读过程中进行大量思考 [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading [C] 对阅读采取批判性的态度 [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he [D] 能够将所读到的事实与已知事实核对
has already known 【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
由题干关键词“a good reader”定位到第七段。②句明确指出,一位好读者就是一位批判性的读者。[C]选项是这句话的同义改写,为正确项。
[A]、[B]和[D]选项以偏概全,第七、八段论述批判性阅读,指出思考阅读内容的过程包括评估内容、将所读内容与已知内容进行联系、根据自己的目的进行应用;而批判性阅读则包括区分事实与观点、评判内容来源、进行准确推理。[A]选项是思考过程中的一点;[B]选项仅提及阅读中思考这一要素,而忽略批判性阅读的其他要素;[D]选项也只提到批判性阅读中的两点,因此其他三项都不完整。
五、全文翻译
如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西,那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了,这一点毫不出奇。这样不过是浪费宝贵时间罢了。不过,或许你早已发现一些聪明的方法来避免遗忘。一种帮助你记住所学内容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的阅读。如果你清楚你为何而阅读,那么你对所阅读的内容就会记得更牢靠些。当你拒绝商店售货员的帮助(“不,谢谢,我只是看看”)时,为什么售货员就转身走开了呢?这是因为你和她都知道,如果你不确定自己要什么,你也不大可能会有所收获。然而,假设你的回答是“是的,谢谢,我想买一副太阳镜。”她会回答,“好的,请这边走。”然后你和她就向“目的地”走去——都迫切地去寻找你想要的东西。这与你的学习过程非常相似。如果你随机选择了一本书,“只是看看”而不是寻找具体东西,那么你所得到的很可能是——一无所获。但是,如果你知道你想要什么,而你手头又有正确的书,那么你几乎肯定会获得你所想要的东西。你的缘由可能大不相同:阅读或学习是为了“找出更多信息”、“为了理解原因”和“为了找出方法”。一个好学生对于他所做的事情总有一个明确的目的或原因。
这就是奏效的方法。在开始学习之前,你这样告诉自己,“我想知道斯蒂芬·文森特·贝尼特为什么这样描写美国。我读这篇文章就是要找出原因。”或者“我要通读这篇文章,看看中世纪英格兰的生活到底是什么样子的。”由于你知道阅读或学习的原因,你就可以将这些信息与你的目的紧密联系,并更好地记住它。
阅读并不是一项独立的行为,期间至少两个重要过程同时发生。在阅读时,你能够迅速而又准确地理解内容,同时在对所读内容予以反应时也在表述自己的思想。你与作者进行一种精神对话。如果你口头表述你的想法的话,它们很可能是“是的,我同意,我的想法也是这样。”或是“嗯……,我以为这项纪录早就被打破了。我最好还是再查查日期。”或是“但是还要考虑一些其他的事实!”你并不只是坐在那里理解内容——你还在做其他的事情,而这些事情往往非常重要。
对所阅读的内容进行思考的附加过程包括评估这些内容、将其与已知信息相联系,并根据自身目的来进行应用。换句话说,一位好读者也是一位批判性的读者。正如你所发现的,批判性阅读的一部分就是区分事实与观点。事实可以通过证据来确认,而观点只是个人反应。批判性阅读的还包括评判来源和进行准确推理。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.③The problem is noise.一、词汇
1.extent n.范围,程度
2.at hand在手边
3.stimulin(stimulus的复数形式)刺激 4.exposure n.(to sth)暴露(在…下)5.intensity n.强度,强烈
6.duration n.持续 7.frequency n.频繁,频率
8.hazard n.危险,危害 9.decibel n.分贝
10.measure n.量度 11.correspond to相应于,符合于
12.intermittent a.间歇的,断断续续的 13.vigilance n.警戒
14.detect v.检测,发现 15.rear n.后面,背后
二、长难句
1.Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.该句的主干是Thus stimuli will be considered noise,主语stimuli后接有that引导的定语从句做后置定语;谓语部分有介词短语at another time做时间状语。句末分词depending on …做条件状语。
翻译:因此,根据人们手头的工作,某些时候的刺激在另外一些时候就是噪音。
2.Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.该句的主干是Sounds may produce significant hearing loss,介词短语above about 85 decibels做后置定语,修饰主语名词sounds。插入语部分为if条件句,做条件状语,修饰谓语动词。翻译:如果呆在超过85分贝噪音环境中的时间足够长,将会造成严重的听力丧失。
3.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.该句的主干为Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …,其中depend upon后接有and连接的并列名词结构做介词宾语。第一个名词frequencies后接有to which引导的定语从句做后置定语;第二个为whether引导的宾语从句。
翻译:实际的听力丧失程度要看噪音的具体频率和噪音是持续性的还是间歇性的。
4.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).该句为主从复合句。主句为Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks,have effects on sth意为“对……有影响”。if引导条件从句,其主干为one is performing a watch keeping task,that引导的定语从句修饰a watch keeping task。该定语从句的主干为that(a watch keeping task)requires vigilance,in which引导的定语从句做后置定语,修饰名词vigilance。
翻译:在某些任务的工作过程中,噪声会造成意想不到的危害。例如,一个人正执行一件需要高度警惕的观察工作,负责检测某种弱信号(如,观察雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现)。5.If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.该句为主从复合句。句首为if引导的条件状语从句,句子主干为you may have noticed that …and that …,其宾语由and连接的两个that引导的宾语从句构成。
翻译:如果你坐在喷气式飞机的后部,首先你会注意到进行谈话是多么困难,最终,你不得不提高音量来抵消噪音的影响。
三、文章结构分析
这篇文章主要探讨噪音对人类及其行为的有害影响。文章主题明确,层次清晰,总体结构为总分结构,可以分为两个部分。第一部分为总(第一段):提出噪音现象,给出噪音定义,并指出人们开始关注噪音对人类行为的影响。
第二部分为分(第二、三和四段):论述噪音对人类及其行为的有害影响。第二段指出噪音会造成人类听力的部分或完全丧失。第三段指出噪音会对某些工作执行造成意想不到的危害。第四段指出噪音会对人际交流造成不良影响。
四、试题具体分析
15.Noise differs from sound15.噪音与声音的不同之处在于噪音是________。[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [A] 干扰人们工作的声音
[B] it is a special type of loud sound [B] 一种特别类型的大音量的声音 [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [C] 在大城市中通常难以避免 [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter [D] 其定义可以比声音的定义更加准确
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
众所周知,噪音是声音的一种。文章首段给出了噪音的两种定义,一种是人们的通俗定义,噪音是人们不想听到的声音;另一种是较为准确的科学定义,噪音是与当前任务无关的声音,即干扰人们工作的声音。[A]选项是第二种定义的同义改写,为正确项。
[B]选项以偏概全,音量大是噪音的特点之一,但并非噪音的唯一特点。[C]和[D]选项利用文中出现词语large city、define和precisely捏造无关干扰。
16.One of the harmful effects of noise on hu16.噪音对人类工作的有害影响之一是________。[A] it reduces one‟s sensitivity [A] 降低人们的敏感性 [B] it renders the victim helpless [B] 使受害者感到无助 [C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music [C] 剥夺人们享受音乐的快乐 [D] it drowns out conversations at worksites [D] 淹没人们在工作地点的对话
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:具体细节题。
第二、三和四段论述噪音对人类的有害影响。第三段指出噪音会干扰某些任务的执行,该段以一项需要高度警惕的观察工作(如监测雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现)为例暗示噪音会分散观察者的注意力,即降低人们的敏感性,[A]选项正确。
[B]和[C]选项从文中无从推知。[D]选项利用第四段“噪音对人际交流产生不良影响”进行干扰,但文中指出人们会根据噪音音量来提高自己说话的音量,而不是对话完全被噪音淹没。
17.The purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound
17.这篇文章的目的是________。[A] 确定噪音对人类行为的影响 [B] 警告人们噪音污染的危险 [C] 提供如何避免听力丧失的建议 [D] 叙述噪音与声音之间的差异
【分析】本题所考查的知识点是:文章主旨题。
这篇文章采取总分结构探讨噪音对人类及其行为的影响。第一段为总,提出噪音现象以及人们对噪音对人类行为的影响的关注。第二、三和四段为分,论述噪音对人类行为的具体影响,包括造成人类听力部分或完全丧失、影响工作任务的执行、阻碍人际交流。[A]选项是文章内容的总体概括,为正确项。
[B]和[D]选项以偏概全,[B]仅能概括文章第二段部分内容,即噪音会造成听力丧失(噪音污染的危险之一);[D]仅提及第一段噪音定义的部分内容,两者都不能完全概括全篇内容。[C]选项无中生有,文章第二段提及噪音会造成听力丧失,但作者并未就此提出任何建议。
五、全文翻译
如果你居住在一个大城市,对噪音问题就再熟悉不过了,然而,因为关注它的一些有害影响,你可能没有意识到它对人们行为举止的影响程度。虽然每个人都或多或少知道噪音是什么(即人们不想听到的声音),但是最好是从科学目的角度来为其更准确地下定义。其中的一种定义是:噪音是与当前任务无关的声音。因此,根据人们手头的工作,某些时候的刺激在另外一些时候就是噪音。最近几年,人们对噪音对人类行为的影响产生极大兴趣,诸如“噪音污染”的概念也随之出现,同时出现的还有减少噪音的种种行动。置身于嘈杂环境无疑能造成听力的部分或完全丧失,这要看噪声的强度、持续时间和频率构成。目前许多工作都存在噪音危害,如工作在工厂中或喷气机的周围、驾驶农场拖拉机、在演奏摇滚乐的音乐厅中工作(或仅仅身处其中)。一般来说,持续呆在超过80分贝(判断声音大小的度量)的噪音环境中被认为是危险的。分贝的大小和各种声音的大小一致。如果呆在超过85分贝噪音环境中的时间足够长,将会造成严重的听力丧失。实际的听力丧失程度要看噪音的具体频率和噪音是持续性的还是间歇性的。
在某些任务的工作过程中,噪声会造成意想不到的危害。例如,一个人正执行一件需要高度警惕的观察工
2010年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
本文2025-01-28 19:46:21发表“合同范文”栏目。
本文链接:https://www.wnwk.com/article/148934.html
- 二年级数学下册其中检测卷二年级数学下册其中检测卷附答案#期中测试卷.pdf
- 二年级数学下册期末质检卷(苏教版)二年级数学下册期末质检卷(苏教版)#期末复习 #期末测试卷 #二年级数学 #二年级数学下册#关注我持续更新小学知识.pdf
- 二年级数学下册期末混合运算专项练习二年级数学下册期末混合运算专项练习#二年级#二年级数学下册#关注我持续更新小学知识 #知识分享 #家长收藏孩子受益.pdf
- 二年级数学下册年月日三类周期问题解题方法二年级数学下册年月日三类周期问题解题方法#二年级#二年级数学下册#知识分享 #关注我持续更新小学知识 #家长收藏孩子受益.pdf
- 二年级数学下册解决问题专项训练二年级数学下册解决问题专项训练#专项训练#解决问题#二年级#二年级数学下册#知识分享.pdf
- 二年级数学下册还原问题二年级数学下册还原问题#二年级#二年级数学#关注我持续更新小学知识 #知识分享 #家长收藏孩子受益.pdf
- 二年级数学下册第六单元考试卷家长打印出来给孩子测试测试争取拿到高分!#小学二年级试卷分享 #二年级第六单考试数学 #第六单考试#二年级数学下册.pdf
- 二年级数学下册必背顺口溜口诀汇总二年级数学下册必背顺口溜口诀汇总#二年级#二年级数学下册 #知识分享 #家长收藏孩子受益 #关注我持续更新小学知识.pdf
- 二年级数学下册《重点难点思维题》两大问题解决技巧和方法巧算星期几解决周期问题还原问题强化思维训练老师精心整理家长可以打印出来给孩子练习#家长收藏孩子受益 #学霸秘籍 #思维训练 #二年级 #知识点总结.pdf
- 二年级数学下册 必背公式大全寒假提前背一背开学更轻松#二年级 #二年级数学 #二年级数学下册 #寒假充电计划 #公式.pdf


