新东方笔记2009笔记大总结

第一篇:新东方笔记2009笔记大总结
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一、主旨大意题
1.问法:
a.主题型 b.标题型 c.目的型 2.命题规律:a.首段 b.尾段
c.中间段
3.方法:首末句原则法(首段前两句+每段首句+尾段末两句)4.技巧:①结构 a.2~4→尽可能用完 b.≥5→用过1/2部分
②首段首句问句
③首段尾段独句段:主旨题即为此句
④首段举例/谚语:一定在首段两句
5.选项分析:正确①具有概括性②语气不绝对③符合常识、逻辑
错误①概括过度②以偏盖全③无关④对立 6.词汇:同义词、四六级核心词汇、考研阅读高频词汇
二、例证题
1.问法:example;case;cite;mention;illustrate;prove/show 2.解题方法:跳开本句,左(90%)顾右(10%)盼
3.技巧:①准确定位 ②例子不看 ③90%→一句 10%→一句二句
三、指代题
1.问法:―代‖→it ①普通代词②形式主语③形式宾语
↘which 一定向左,可以指代单词,也可以指代句子 2.方法:代入→语法功能→向左or向右
四、长难句分析
1.定义:30words左右,多个分词,多个从句 2.分析:前→后 寻找独立谓语→是否存在连词
转折让步看一半,并列不用全看完,插入成分可跳过,定状细节尽量删
五、文章来源题 1.方法:中心思想法
2.来源:①book view ②preface/forword ③popular science ④autobiography
⑤news coverage ⑥speech/lecture
六、细节题 ㈠事实细节题
1.问法:4W/H 实义 题干+正确选项=原文一二句 2.方法:寻读①key words(a.实词 b.一次)②research(a.顺序 b.关键词第一次出现的地方)③position(a.过1/2 b.完整句子定位)④choice(同义转换/词性转换/上下文)
3.命题规律:①转折词(but, yet, while, whereas / however, nevertheless, in fact, indeed, practically)附近②专有名词(人名地名年代)③特殊标点符号④段落首末句 4.技巧:①准确定位②遵守顺序原则③长选项竖读④坚持本本主义 ⑤细节不孤立⑥头不要摆,不要指着读
5.选项分析:正确①同义改写②归纳总结③词性转变
错误①张冠李戴②偷梁换柱③与原文内容对立④微调 6.复习:①思路scan ②在找到的位置达到择读 ㈡是非判断题
1.问法: which; true; correct; mention; except 2.命题规则:①中心思想法(3错1对)②并列列举(3对1错)3.方法:① 3错1对 中心思想法 ②3对1错 选项反定位法 4.解题技巧:①判断是3对1错还是3错1对 ②看题目是否有指定段落 ③看是否有关键词
七、论点论据题
1.题型:①类比题②写作手法题③文章结构题
2.文章结构:①花开两朵型(总分)②一枝独秀型③新闻报道型(倒序,结果常在开头)④问题解决型(常以问题开头)⑤层层递进(具体→概括 中心常在最后一段)
八、观点态度题
情感词:褒positive, enthusiasm, optimistic, approving, sympathetic, praisable, complimentary
贬negative, pessimistic, critical, ironic, sarcastic, skeptical, disgusted
中objective, impartial, impersonal, neutral 干扰词: indifferent, biased, contemptuous ①
口诀法:有客观选客观,没客观选乐观,没乐观选谨慎,没谨慎选惊讶 ②
中心思想法:寻找情感 技巧:①看清楚是问作者还是别人态度 ②作者观点态度常与中心思想有关 ③口诀法服从中心思想法④作者观点态度不极端 ⑤reserved+n.;partially+adj.;tempered+n.必正确 ⑥I hold,personally---表作者
九、语义理解题
1.命题规律:①一词多义②特殊词(符号/缩略词/拼缀词)③超纲词汇
2.方法:看选项词性(浏览选项)→代入→搭配→逻辑→跳跃(跳开本句,左顾右盼)3.选项分析:正确答案常为引申含义,错误选项常为表面含义
十、判断推论题(整体推论&局部推论)
1.问法:infer, imply, conclude, suggest, learn, know 2.方法:5→尾段末两句
1→首段首末句
2/3/4→上下夹看是否有独立段落
↘中心思想
↘中心思想 ↘中心思想 Ⅰ 题顺序
无顺序:主旨大意 作者态度 是非判断 顺序: 事实细节 语义理解 判断推论 Ⅱ 试卷做题顺序
a.阅读A(80~100min)→作文(60min)→新阅读(20)→翻译(15)→完型(5)b.作文(60min)→阅读A(80~100min)→新阅读(20)→翻译(15)→完型(5)Ⅲ 点面结合法(全读)①可防止乱序②符合阅读习惯③中心
步骤:1.1min通读5个题干(语义单词、3错1对、作者观点态度单词、加看选项)2.通读全文(7~8min)标记题干,上下段首末句
3.回读标记,选择答案(7~8min)
四原则:a.时间对等 读全文=做题 b.首段原则(关注首段,尤其是转折词之后)c.首末句原则 d.路标原则(离出题处不远的转折词、特殊标点符号)Ⅳ解的结构
⑴中心思想是解 ⑵some是解(sth , sb , certain ,some time ,some where)⑶趋势是解(trend to, tendency)⑷变化是解(convert, shift, alter, change)⑸重要是解(essential, significant, vital, improtant)⑹具体不是解,概括才是解
⑺简单不是解,复杂才是解 ⑻绝对不是解,相对才是解⑼别出心裁是解 ⑽出乎意料是解 ⑾内容积极向上是解 ⑿常识是解 ⒀本质是解(natural,origin)⒁50%求解(选项相反、相近)⒂特征是解(chatacter)
08年 主旨3 观态1 是非1 推论4 语义1 事实细节10 翻译
redguard.**
1.信(忠实原文)达(语言通达)雅(习惯修辞)技巧:不翻被动,换主语 ①硬翻 ②主宾颠倒 ③―是‖―有‖→实义 ④添主语 2.考研翻译―八荣八耻‖
以勇于亮剑为荣,以跳过不做为耻;
以直接翻译为荣,以通读全文为耻; 以忠实原文的直译为荣,以天马行空的意译为耻;以宏观把握为荣,以斤斤计较为耻; 以紧扣真题反复训练为荣,以盲目模拟为耻; 以给出一个译文为荣,以给出多个译文为耻; 以做到信达雅为荣,以通篇翻译为耻;
以写对中文汉字为荣,以写错中文汉字为耻。3.做轻重:重---谓语核心 轻---从、分、小
动性词←动词不定式,分词,介词,动名词 承载一个意群(动态意群拆分法)
4.步骤:①找出动性词 ②圈定动性词所辐射的意群范围(引导词、关系词、标点符号)③逐个翻译意群(切块翻译意群)④按中文表达习惯调整语序(调语序做勾联)词法翻译①语境②汉语习惯③词根词缀
1.词义选择---词无本义,意由境生(根据上下文or汉语表达习惯选择词义)2.中英思维区别:英式思维(直线性、重举例、重数据、自爱)
中式思维(迂回性、重说理、轻量化、博爱)3.词义引申:①抽象化引申 ②具体化引申 ③词性转化 4.定语从句:which, that, who要么做主语,要么是宾语
如果定语从句内容简单,信息负载量不大,可以提到中心词前翻译,引导词不需翻;
如果句子内容复杂,信息负载量大,要翻到先行词之后,独立成句,重复先行词。5.状语从句:when, while, that, for, although
从句引导词及从句本身一般都按字面翻译,整个从句翻译后与原文没多大区别。6.同位语从句:同位语从句中 that不充当句子成分
简单的同位语从句往往译成定语,放在名词前; 而复杂同位语从句往往独立成句,that→―:‖
一、并列结构:两个或两个以上的并列成分,有明显的连词或标点连接,翻译时常常需要重复并列成分.最常见的连词是:and, or, but, whether…or…, neither…or…, not only…but also
二、否定结构:
1.部分否定:指代词或副词,如all, both, every, everybody, every one, many,everything等与否定词not搭配使用,常翻译为―并非所有‖,all… not…―不全是‖;both…not…―并非两个都‖;not always―不一定‖,not ofen―不经常‖;not necessary―未必‖ e.g.The situation is not necessary.情况并非如此。
2.全部否定:never, no, not, none, nobody, nothing, neither, nor, not at all e.g.He is no professor.他根本不是教授。3.否定转移:
1)
否定的主语转为否定谓语
No energy can be created, and none destroyed.能量不能创造,也不能消失。
2)
主语的否定转为从句的否定
She did not come because she wanted to see him.她来了不是因为她想见他。3)
否定主句的谓语转为否定宾语从句的谓语 I don’t think that they must have arrived there by now.I don’t suppose they will object to my suggestion.三、比较结构的翻译 1.AS系列 1)As…as句型:同级比较,表示两者比较程度一样
She is as much interested in music as ever.2)Not so…as句型:跟as…as…相反的结构
3)Not so much…as…句型:与其说,不如说 = not only…but also… He was not so much angry as disappointed.4)Not so much as…句型:甚至没有,甚至不
He didn’t so much as ask me to sit down.他甚至都没有让我坐下。2.Than系列
1)
比较级+than to 不至于做
You have more sense than to dump him.你不会把他甩掉吧。2)
More than
More A than B :与其说,不如说
He is more good than bad.More than:
比…多 He more than smiled and laughed.她不仅笑,而且大笑。
She is more than kind to us.她对我们非常友好。
No more than: 既不…也不… He is no more/less a writer than a painter.他既不是画家,也不是作家。/他既是作家也是画家。
四、强调结构的翻译
1.倒装:还原倒装部分后直接翻译
1)
表语前置引起倒装:smart as you are 2)
否定词前置引起倒装:never will they give up the struggle for freedom.2.加助动词do: 加上―的确,务必,千万等词‖ We do have sufficient food and drink.3.it is … that 在被强调部分加上―就是,正是‖等词 it was professor wu that
五、插入结构的翻译:一般直接翻译,但如果修饰整个句子,提到句子前面翻译 1.adv.插入语: incidentally, fortunately, apparently 2.adj.短语作插入语: more important of all, worse still(更为糟糕的是),strange enough(令人足够奇怪的是)3.介词短语作插入语: all in all, in fact 4.不定式做插入语: to tell you the truth(老实对你说),to be exact(确切的说),sa to say(所以说),to be frank(坦率的说),to say the least of it(至少可以这样说)5.分词短语作插入语:considering, all things considered(从整体上考虑),allowing for(考虑到),judging from(从…来判断),putting it another way(换句话说),talking of(提到),taking all things into consideration(全面看来)6.主谓结构
The man, I think, doesn’t deserve your love.常见表达:I think, I believe, I guess据我推测, I’m afraid, It seems, It is said, It is suggested有人建议。
What we call做插入语
What we call, what we used to call, what is called, what the describe as, what can be called, what they regards.新题型
③
排顺序 ②七选五 ③找匹配 七选五: 做题步骤:①先看文章首段,通过阅读文章首段,把握文章主题 ②先阅读后面7个选项,以目标为导向 ③阅读全文并解题
④检验所恢复的文章是否有连贯性和一致性
三大法宝:①由点入面 如果两个可以衔接在的具有关联性和相适性的信息板块,其内容也同样具有千丝万缕的关联性和相近性,存在着许多彼此信息匹配的信息点,通过信息匹配点,判断整个信息板块间的关系
②以点串面 从庞大的信息板块内部确定能形成匹配的信息点通过分析找到的信息点推测两个板块之间是否具有相近性和关联性
③点面结合 上下通读确认是否有连贯性和一致性
1.上下文逻辑关系定位法 在七选五题目中,不论填空出现在段首或段尾,均可以分析和定位该填空上下文的逻辑关系,一旦定位出某种逻辑关系就意味着起着联系上下文作用的该填空必须填入表达这种逻辑关系的信息,这样才能将上下文联系起来。2.复现结构定位
相同词or 不同词 3.无关词排除法
通过在7个待选选项中定位出一些关键词,如果发现这些关键词和原文的主题信息明显无关,那么包含这些关键词的选项很可能和全文主题无关,这说明这些选项失去填回原文的资格(排除错误选项)
4.举例定位法: of these, of those, of them, among…, namely…
观点→例子
例子设置于原文中→上位概念选项 5.总分结构定值
6.时间地点数字的衔接关系定位法 7.指代关系定位法
动词切入点:1)看主语,注意主谓搭配
2)看宾语,看动宾搭配。看宾语是抽象n还是具体n.只能人做主语:believe, regard, think, be impressed by, intend, require, doubt 只能人做宾语:impress, assure of sth 只能物做宾语:ensure 要接具体n.: fasten(the belt), lable the bottle, feed the soil 要接抽象n.: enhance
3)及物和不及物
不及物v.:dispose off, cope with, approve of, speculate on/in, contribute to
4)根据动词后的介词及介词宾语
5)根据句中其他对动词构成限制性成分
名词切入点:①作主语时,谓语和表语线索
②作宾语时,谓语v是线索 ③根据名词前后的介词进行判断
④根据已有名词判断所选n:褒贬意义一致,正式语体一致 ⑤当n后出现从句或前出现adj该修饰成分为线索
形容词切入点:①adj做表语及系表结构时,要看主语和表语搭配的合适性,不是所有的adj都能修饰人or物 ②adv修饰的n,已经受到其修饰成分(另一个adj或从句)修饰要选择的adj要根据该修饰成分修饰 ③由adv修饰时,adv就是线索 ④adj直接修饰n,要注意他们的合适性。
表因果的词:because, for, since, ever since, as, thus, therefore, consequently, hence, accordingly, as a result, due to, because of, thanks to, in that, in response to
表转折的词:but, however, yet, by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of,表让步的词:although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 表并列的词:and, and also, or, neither…nor…, either…or…, in the same way, likewise, that is to say, similarly, equally, as well as 表递进的词:also, then, besides, in addition, additionally, furthermore, moreover, what’s more
完形填空
一、完型填空的误区:
1、很多同学认为完型填空就是语法词汇题
现在考试当中如果还考语法,就考定语从句或同位语从句。语法就准备从句:定语从句、同位语从句、状语从句。语法的变化较慢,词汇的发展较快。完型填空选择的是最佳答案,不是最正确答案。对词汇的把握不能只认识意思,不能只知其一不知其二,不能一叶障目不见森林,不能只知表面意思不知深刻意思。
2、很多同学认为完型填空需要背诵大纲中的5500个单词
背单词的理念:通过真题记单词。背诵真题,把握真题的理念:以真题为圆心,以努力为半径画完美的考研备考的圆。对真题把握的三个标准:1)翻开近十年真题,没有一个单词是生词2)翻开近十年真题,没有一个句子是长难句[好的准备长难句的方法:把真题中所有长难句归类。推荐书籍:《考研英语长难句与词汇突破》李玉技 编著]3)翻开近十年真题,要知道所有选项对错的原因
3、处理好模拟试题与真题的关系,真题是根本,真题是核心
学习过程中应该先做真题,后做模拟试题[建议:做阅读理解方面的模拟试题,做完型填空的模拟题意义不是特别大]
二、完型填空的备考思路
1、背诵近十年真题,要求大家背诵一篇240-280字的文章
2、背诵近十年真题中的所有选项,选项基本上体现了完型填空考查的范围 每个单词一定要知道对错的原因,知道每个单词的准确用法
3、把握解题技巧与方法,没有解题技巧指导的考研完型是比较失败的考研完型
4、背大批量的词组(搜索李玉技高频词组734)
5、适当的做一些模拟试题
三、解题技巧与方法
1、卷子发下来后,利用红花绿叶原则做题。红花词:某个单词在历年真题中每次出现都选 绿叶词:屡出现屡不选,屡不选屡出现 红花词:however yet although because 绿叶词:since ever since now that what if only, in case/lest, or else about, as to, with regard to, in/with reference to What有三大特点:1)what从句只能做主、宾、表从句2)what不能放在名词后3)what后面的从句不完整
涉及虚拟语气的词不选if only +过去式 [only if如果] 注意两个问题:1)红花绿叶原则能做对2-5个题2)红花词偶尔会失手
2、明白ABCD选项的规律
1)ABCD的个数都是4-6个之间,四个答案基本均匀分布2)完型填空中一般而言A较多 3)没有连续三个答案都一样的情况,连续两个答案都一样的情况是0-3个,前后答案彼此都不一样的情况是17-20个
4)在五个一组的答案中,至少要出现三个字母(此规律同样适合阅读理解)
3、完型填空文章的基本特点
1)首段首句一般不出题(2001除外),降低了文章的难度。除了首段首句外,基本上每一句话都要出题2)每篇文章都有明确的主题和作者的态度(态度重要)3)总分结构进行到底,降低了完型的难度4)逻辑关系非常明确
[五大逻辑关系:对立关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系、递进关系] 重点放在逻辑关系题
句子对应成分分析法:当你发现并列关系出现,尤其是两个句子互为并列关系的时候,那么在完型填空中,这两个句子就可以通过彼此一一对应的方法来获得答案。
复现关系解题法:就完型填空文章而言,如果某个概念出现两次或两次以上,它提法应当是一样的。
For example 1)表达的总分的逻辑关系2)在句子中是个插入状语,不是句子的必然组成成分。
同义原则:在四个选项中,当两个或三个实词互为同义词时,答案往往在其中。当两个或三个虚词互为同义词时,往往都不选。当四个选项有一个共同的意思时,该意思往往不能够入选。
引导省略式的状语从句的条件:1)从句主语与主句主语相一致2)从句必须是主系表结构3)省去从句中的主语和系动词;4)可引导省略式状语从句的连词:while、when、although、until、unless、if 表语题的解题方法:当表语是名词时,它和主语是对等关系;当表语是形容词或相当于形容词的词时,它和主语是修饰关系。
and题型的做题方法:1)句子对应成分分析法;2)选同义词法;3)可以选同一范围的词 although与but的区别:1)Although从属连词,引导的全部是从句,既可放句首,又可放句中。but并列连词,既可连接两个主句,也可连接两个从句,当连词讲时只能放句中,当其放句首时,是做副词用2)从属连词放句中时,前面一般不加逗号;而并列连词放句中时,前面逗号可加可不加
Indeed与furthermore的区别:
Indeed强调肯定前面的事实,一般不作更深刻的推理furthermore一定要从程度上加深意义 动词题解题的六种方法:1)看主语,注意主谓搭配的一致性(主要看主语是人还是物)主语必须是人的动词:believe、regard、think、be impressed by、inten、require、doubt 主语一般是物的动词:manifest 2)看宾语,注意动宾搭配的一致性
宾语怎样确定:(1)看宾语是人还是物
跟人作宾语的动词:assure、impress 跟物作宾语的动词:ensure(2)看宾语是抽象名词还是具体名词
只能跟抽象名词作宾语的动词:enhance只能跟具体名词作宾语的动词:fasten、label、feed既可能抽象也可跟具体名词作宾语的动词:tighten 3)从动词及物或不及物的角度出发做题
不及物动词:dispose、cope、speculate、approve、contribute有时及物和不及物搭配不一样4)根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系判定动词5)根据动词后的介词以及介词宾语判定答案6)根据能够对动词起到限制性成分来判定动词(一般指形容词)
名词题解题的五种方法:1)名词作主语时,谓语或表语就是信息线索2)名词作宾语时,谓语动词就是线索
3)根据名词前后的介词判定名词4)根据已有名词来判定已选名词5)当名词后面出现定语从句或同位语从句时,从句就是线索
形容词解题的四种方法:1)形容词作表语时主语就是线索2)由副词修饰形容此时副词就是线索3)当多个成分同时修饰一个名词时,答案就在修饰成分中4)当形容词修饰名词时,名词就是线索
副词题解题的三种方法:1)根据主旨做题2)同义原则3)根据时态来判断 做题顺序12步法 先看选项,再看文章
看选项:1)利用红花绿叶原则做题2)使用同义原则3)重点做逻辑关系题4)看文章,做好and题,and前后要么选同义词,要么选同一范围的词,要么用句子对应成分分析法做and题5)所有的not题6)表语题7)复现题8)动词题9)名词题10)形容词题11)副词题12)利用概率原则做题
做题方法:1)关键线索定位法2)句子对应成分分析法3)时间线索定位法4)生活常识解题法5)总分结构解题法 重要语法现象:定语从句 三个词引导定语从句的情况:
AS
1)as 关系代词,引导定语从句,其先行词可以是单词,也可以是句子。[先行词可以是句子先行词只有两个:which和as] 2)as引导的定语从句位置灵活3)在引导限制性定语从句的时候,as只能用在固定结构中,which却没有这样的限制。在引导非限制性定语从句的时候,用as表示主句与从句是顺承或一致关系,用which表示主句与从句是对立或否定关系。
THAN 1)than做关系代词引导定语从句2)than在后面的句子当中作主语 3)主句必须要有比较级
BUT
1)but做关系代词引导定语从句2)主句要用否定式 3)but相当于not—that或not who 写作
一、词 3~4种替换
①后词优先(高中+四级词汇)---短语类+长单词
important: significant, essential, crucial, critical, indispensable learn: attain, obtain, acquire, accumulate very: extremely, extraordinarily, unusually, largely ②短语优先
make: make up build: build up accumulate: pile up like: be fond of, be keen on, care for ③派生词优先
important: importance fond: fondness delight: delightful, delighted, delightfully satisfy: satisfied, satisfactory effect: effective, effectively ④名词优先
think: opinion, idea, notion, consideration, concern, assumption, presumption, argument eg.My(inpidual)consideration is that environment protection(conservation)is of extraordinary significance.二、句
同义转化+句子扩展
1.同义转化
eg.A对B很重要
A play important part(role)in B.A is to B what foundation is to a skyscraper / water to fish / heart to humans.A means / matters a lot / much to B.The significance of A should never be over looked / ignored / denied / neglected in B.A is / means everything / the whole world to B.2.句子扩展(1)词汇扩展
1)n.前修 派生形容词和复合形容词优先
poor→badly-off→underdeveloped→impoverished
后修 介修 in;on;from;at;of
分修 –ed;-ing
句修 名词+ing = 名词+which/ who do/ does/ is/are doing
the impoverish countries which lie in the third world
名词+ed分词=名词+which/ who am /is/are done
the measures which are taken by the government
2)adj.① adv修饰(情感类)②非常 ③一般
sincerely, truly, frankly, honestly, heartfeltly, heartily
surprisingly, shockingly, generally, roughly, virtually
强调副词:absolutely, definitely, undoubtedly 3)v.能用来修饰adj.的adv.均可用来adv.tips:使用v时,adv若想不起来可尽量generally类型,但adj前务必用adv,修饰(2)句子扩展
1)尽量使用分词
tips:小作文中,中间用Being a 身份 who 修饰-----表自己身份
大作文中,Interested in , Concerned about , Disappointed with
(小中,the reason being that ,大中尾),the consequence being that ,.tips:以上两句一定要用在―,‖之后,that之后跟句子
2)使用从句
①原因性从句 since, as, for on account of the fact that
by virtue of the fact that owing to the fact that
②结果性从句 so that with the consequence that
③条件从句
providing/ provided that, assuming/ assumed that
tips:位于句首引出句子,中间逗号隔开;位于句中引出句子可以不加逗号
④转折
yet, while, whereas
⑤让步 even though despite the fact that
inspite of the fact that
(3)篇章扩展
1)必须在文中使用结构衔接词
tips:小作文中间部分,大作文全部
2)注意使用代词的准确照应
tips:①使用代词时需照应离他最近的前文名词
②注意代词和该名词的性、数一致
三、分析学生最常见的语法错误 1)冠词错误
tips:①单数可数名词不能单独出现,前面必须要有a, an;
②复数名词可单独出现,前面不加冠词,但后面有后置修饰语时例外(+the)
③不可数名词可单独出现,但后面有后置修饰语时例外(+the)
2)并列结构:在一个句子中出现的并列结构的形式必须一致
The eyes of the Sammi are twice bigger than Lily’s(those of Lily).The person with(①who has)broad knowledge and rich experience is supposed to live a better life that the person who does(②without them)not.3)搭配错误
Many wild species have(been)extinct in the worsening natural environment.extinct-adj;extinction-n.die out-v.4)串句:在前后两个独立句子间必须使用连词来衔接句子,而绝不能用adv.小作文写作攻略
1.基本信息:商务信函和私人信函都以商务信函对待,题目中出现人名,必为私人信函 Dear Alice, /Dear Sir or Madam,正文使用缩进时,缩四个字母。三个段落
Yours sincerely, Liming 2.小作文操作口诀:首段直抒胸臆说目的 中间谦虚委婉讲理由 结尾真诚重述送祝福
Tips:3段为7句左右最佳,不能超过十句
3.开头:I’m writing this letter to you in order to do …/ with the purpose of doing …/ in the hope of doing…
Tips:目的词必须是亮点词汇,即符合―四词选择‖
The purpose of mine writing this letter to you is to do…
The reason why I write this letter to you is that I have a strong longing/ craving to do…
eg.(2005)The reason why I write this letter to you is that I have a strong craving to present my unwilling decision of resignation from my present job.TIPS: 1)使用简单句式时,词汇能多亮就多亮。2)使用复杂句式时,词汇可以退而求其次,但一定是越亮越好。中间必须用结构衔接词
1.a.Firstly, your R1 is the point I am mostly interested in/ concerned about/ disappointed with b.First and foremost, being a 身份 who , what I am most eager to express in this letter is R1, which actually impresses/ interests/ disappoints me greatly.c.In the first place, the R1,(I derive from 信息来源)is the most crucial information I am interested in.TIPS:中间部分的第一句话的表述,尽量使用中等长度,但词汇需要偏亮
2.a.Secondly, R2 is as well another aspect I have to pay my special attention to in doing(目的)in this letter.TIPS:使用时,R2必须用亮点词汇,且doing的表述方式必须和首段不同
b.Added to the first point(On top of the first point), the fact that R2(句子)is what I eagerly lay particular emphasis on, which proves to be fairly critical in this issue.eg.the fact that the opening hour of our library overly limited is the… c.In the second place, R2(名词), which is believed as the major point in this matter is also where we interest/ concern/ disappoint lies in.TIPS:该组句式复杂,故词汇可在某种程度上选择简单词,但务必注意词汇和句式要求 3.a.Eventually, R3(名词)is obviously the last element I have to put forward in writing this letter to 目的(动词).TIPS:务必使用亮点名词和动词形式
b.Last but, by no means, least, what I am deeply concerned about in offering my 目的(名词)is the one ,which a large majority of people focus on, namely R3(名词)
c.In the final place, R3(名词)is the last factor which matters/ determines/ means a lot in presenting my longing for 目的(动名).TIPS:①中间部分必须首先出现框架词汇(第一,第二,首先.etc.)
②可以对这9个句子进行随机组合,但最好出现1~2个长句,建议第二、三句
③切记简单句式使用亮点词
④练习时,从头到尾使用相同结构
结尾:a.My sincere gratitude proposal/ application/ complaints has/ have to be repeated and I truly hope that everything goes smooth with you.b.An early response/ reply to me will be obviously to my great delight / satisfaction/ surprise and I honestly wish everything to be smooth around you.c.Actually, I feel fairly grateful/ indeed for your kindness and attention and sincerely look forward to your quick/ prompt response.TIPS:①不允许出现任何语法拼写错误②务必使用亮点词汇③根据题目要求,可适当对模型中词汇进行改动。eg.(2007)
Dear Sir or Madam, The purpose of my writing this letter to you is to offer several useful/ essential suggestions for the service of the library of our university.First and foremost, being a student who spend most of my time in reading in our library, what I am mostly concerned about is opening hours, which actually disappoints me for the hours are fairly limited.Furthermore, the impatient attitude of employee is another aspect I put forward in presenting my proposal.Last but not least, what I am care about the development of our library is the one, which a large majority of student focus on namely the disappointing collection of books.An early response/ reply to me will be obviously to my great delight / satisfaction/ surprise and I honestly wish everything to be smooth around you.复习建议:1.把开头、中间、结尾最简单句式进行组合 2.进行亮点词替换
3.对小作文的中间①②③点进行任意一句长句替换
4.对最终形成的小作文版本进行真题套写,若字数不到80,增加复杂句式,若超过130,进行句式减肥。
黄金句型
1.It is … that …(使用1~2个)出现在大作文中间or结尾
eg.It is the establishment of harmonious relationship that will enhance the advancement of the society.2.倒数
A.so+ adj/adv +系/助动词+主语+(实义动词)+that+剩余部分 如此..以至于…
So grave/ serious is the environment contamination that wild species expanding numbers have been extinct/ endangered/ on the verge of extinction.B.adj.+ though/ as 主语+系词,主句
Effective as the government’s measures prove to be, there is still powerful/ potent…
C.Under no circumstances/ By no means/ On no occasions/ In no ways +助动词+主语+实义动词+剩余部分
绝不…
eg.On no occasions should on inpidual ignore/ deny the significance of setting up a harmonious society.D.Only when something is accomplished/ by this means/ in this way/ under this circumstance/ on this occasion +助动词+主语+动词
表预期结果
eg.Only by this means can the society be developed/ advanced/ propelled in a sustainable way.3.插入语(通常是第二、三段)主语和实义动词之间,用逗号隔开 adv.::
however, nevertheless, therefore, thereby, thus, generally adj.:
needless to say无需说 most important(of all)sure to say 介词词组:from my point of view, from my perspective, in my view, in my position, in my standpoint, on the contrary, in contrast.句子:
as I perceive it, as I see/ view it, I am sure/ certain, I believe/imagine/conceive 4.被选:虚拟 It is high time that sb.did sth.是…该做… 大作文攻略
一、1.时态为一般现在时
2.使用人称为第一人称I或第三人称(图画中的图像,内容),不许用you.3.必须分三段式:凤头、猪肚、豹尾 4.必须在结尾部分明确出现―我认为‖句式
二、复习方法
1.不限时写作,5篇左右,不修改不检查,但字数需上200.2.40min之内完成,5篇左右,修改语法错误,替换亮点词汇.3.30min之内完成,5篇左右,进行中间、开头、结尾的某1~3句的长难句替换,删除开头,中间,结尾所重复的内容。
4.努力记忆自己在10篇作文中频繁用到的,准确无误的词汇、句式、表达
三、逻辑思路
1.矛盾命题是灵魂,寻找积极意义是方向,开篇综述与分述(综述:图画的整体内容即图中英文or中文说明;分述:对图中细节内容描述,如若细节不描述,会扣3分左右)2.中间析因析果析趋势 3.结尾辨证比较给策略
四、写作方法(一)开头
1.物法a.The picture/ drawing/ cartoon/photograph/ line/ curve/ bar graph/ pie graph describes/depicts/ reveals/ illustrates/ demonstrates an interesting phenomenon of 英文注释/中文翻译/自我解读(n.,动名词)
TIPS:尽量体现准确的稍有难度的图画内容的词汇。使用题目中的英文注释时尽量替换词汇
b.The picture vividly/ clearly reveals the interesting phenomenon/fact that+句子
eg.that there existed/ lay/seemed/ appeared an obvious contrast between the different commercial fishing situation of 1900 and 1955.2.人法 a.It is vividly/ clearly/ symbolically depicted in the picture that+综述
b.As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, 句子(综述)
c.What is vividly depicted in the picture is that 句子(综述)3.单图分述:
sb.In this picture, sb.can been seen doing sth.eg.In the picture, a charming foreign girl can been seen/viewed wearing a piece of Chinese traditional/national costume smiling.sth.In this picture, sth in the drawing can been seen/ viewed advertising its ridiculous promise to the public.TIPS:单图描述时,图中人与物务必带上个人色彩的修饰,该修饰词汇能亮则亮,不能亮则可以使用第一反应词,第一段最少写两行半。
4.双图分述:In the first drawing, 单图例句。On the contrary, we can see / recognized / identify 内 容。
eg.In the first drawing, only a single commercial ship was floating/drifting on the sea while countless/innumerable/uncountable fish was swimming happily under the sea in1900.On the contrary, ninety-five years later, the number of ships over the sea was countless whereas only a lonely and poor fish was viewed was swimming under the sea.TIPS:1.开头部分中,单图分述时,语法务必正确,词汇务必闪亮,信息务必详尽。
2.开头部分中,双图分述时,尽量注意两个图描写时的句型差异。
3.注意加入情感元素(悲伤,孤单,骄傲…)
(二)中间----第一句话揭示寓意
1.a.直抒寓意 The purpose/goal/aim of this picture is to convey the message/implication that 寓意(句子)
eg.The purpose of these two pictures is to convey the message that providing that commercial activities stimulated by alluring profits fail to be controlled, the natural resources will be subjected to an immense loss.b.自问自答 What profound message/implication is mirrored/reflected in the picture above? Evidently/Of course,寓意(句子)
eg.Of course, some children who usually grow in the favorable conditions,(like flowers in the greenhouse,)are mostly likely to be frustrated(or even thoroughly damaged)in great difficulties(in adverse conditions).c.承上启下
In frankness, the phenomenon reflected by the picture above is really a complex and complicated one, which should be analyzed in a practical and rational way, 寓意
。2.原因:a原因(名词)is normally considered as the factor contributing to this issue.TIPS:该原因必须使用亮点词汇且有修饰最好
eg.Too much love and care poured by their parents are normally…
The mutual assistance and affection in an inpidual’s overall development
b.A large majority of people claim/maintain/show their insight that this issue has to be dealt with carefully, the reason being that 原因(句子)
TIPS:该原因句最好用简单句完成,词汇尽量闪亮,但不许出语法错误。
3.结果:As a consequence, a/an disappointing/delightful/admirable phenomenon will be definitely born out, which is that 结果(句子)
eg.The loss of family responsibility in the young generation is normally considered as the factor contributed to this issue.As a consequence, a disappointing phenomenon will be definitely born out, which is that the aged/senior/elderly people in general will hardly seek out a person even among their own children to rely on and therefore live in a merciful way.4.趋势:Assuming that this tendency tends to grow in the society, some positive/negative influence/significance will be undoubtedly resulted.TIPS:此句话要视中间段落的长度而定,同时注意positive和negative的选择。
(三)结尾
In conclusion, what I discussed/argued/claimed above is considerably significant from my personal perspective is the determine in offering a satisfactory solution.TIPS:策略的表述务必准确地道靓丽。可采用动词不定式、动名词的形式表达策略的内容。It is this strategy that has caused/attracted much attention from both the government and the public.So serious this issue/argument is that nobody shall ever overlook the necessity of dealing with it in a most efficient way.Only by this means can/will the society/human races/human being/nature/mankind/the young/the youth/the youngster/the elderly develop/advance/grow/survive in a sustainable/harmonious/wholesome/spectacular manner.大作文复习TIPS:
1.在所有给出的可选择的句子中,挑选自己较为熟悉和擅于运用的句式框架,进而组合成完整的开头、中间、结尾的三段式模块;
2.使用该简单框架时对08年以前的5年作文进行信息套入,结束后检查句式语法错误; 3.依然对上面所练的5篇文章内容进行亮点词汇替换,并对任何一个部分中所出现的重复句式重复短语进行删减or替换;
4.只使用修改后的句式框架以及亮点词汇对真题or模拟题(3篇左右)进行完整套写; 5.考试前主要阅读自己最终所写的篇章版本,对其中的亮词,亮句进行深化记忆。
词汇链接
重要:significant, crucial, essential
非常:considerably 关于:with reference to, as regard
获得:attain, acquire 也:as well, meanwhile
如果:proving that 结果:consequence
发展:advance, advancement 快乐:delighted, delightful, pleased
不能:fail to 著名:prestigious, celebrated
大:immense, titanic 认为:claim, argue, maintain
能力:competent, competence 可能:perhaps, be likely to do
上进:aggressive, aspiring 尽管:even though, despite, in spite of
许多:quite a few, a large number of, a large amount of, a colony of + 聪明:intelligent, quick-written, talented 不许出现:good, bad, things
关于09年的热点话题
一、奥运的积极意义:
1.提升中国的国际形象 promote the international image of China increase the international position/ranking in the world 2.大幅改善了城市的基础设施建设,进而方便了人们的生活
improve the establishment of the infrastructure in the urban area and thereby make it more accessible for the local people to enjoy the convenience and variety.3.促进了中国与其他不同文化人民间的交流以及大大提高了中国传统文化在国际社会的认可度和知名度
enhance the mutual/reciprocal communication between Chinese people and those from other culture and largely improve the popularity and recognition of Chinese tradition culture in the international world/community.二、个人成长
1.优良品质的培养 cultivation of fine qualities of a person persevering坚韧 persistent坚持 competent能力
cooperative and competitive合作与竞争 tolerant and sympathetic宽容与同情
2.来自于社会、家庭和个人的共同努力 the joint/corporate efforts/endeavors distributed by the society, family and inpidual.3.身心健康的和谐发展
a harmonious and satisfactory development both bodily and spiritually.三、经济
1.潜在经济困难和经济危机
potential economic pressure and crisis across the globe 2.在严峻的局势下,中国政府和公众展示了极大的决心和信心
in such an adverse financial situation, both the government and the public have manifested strong resolution and confident to conquer the possible recession.3.如此成果主要归功于政府的有效举措和社会各部门的配合
such success shall be attributed to the powerful measures from the central and local government and the satisfactory cooperation between different social organs.
第二篇:新东方听力笔记
新东方TOEFL2001.10月班笔记--(第一部分:听力)
作者:joanphan网友提供
TOEFL复习笔记(第一部分:听力)
TOEFL听力主考思路
TOEFL听力的主题:校园生活
TOEFL听力不考的话题:politics religion campus violence(校园暴力)campus police(校园警察)human rights 等等unhappy的话题,TOEFL听力永远
考美国光明的一面。
如何提高听力水平? 1. 语音问题 a)美语的发音
英 [α:] → 美 [æ] glass [α:] →[æ]
英 [o] → 美 [Λ] hot [o] → [Λ](美语的这个音界于[o]和[α:]之 间)美语r音的存在,只有在有字母r的时候才有 个别单词的发音:
perse E [dai’v :s]→ A [d ‘v :s],且有r的音 hostile E['hostail]→ A['hΛs] b)连读,不爆破发音(失爆)连读:元辅音在一起,连读。run out of fit it in 失爆:爆破音:[b] [p] [t] [d] [g] 两个爆破音在一起,前一个爆破音就要失爆。Blackboard → blac(k)board I wen(t)downtown yesterday.c)跟读磁带(跟读一盘TOEFL听力磁带)d)语音语调 2. 词汇问题: a)表达口语化:
1)I’ve got to lose weight.2)Have you got the time?/↑ Got the time?(几点了?)3)Got time?(有空吗?言下之意:我想请你吃饭)4)Care to come?(=Would you like to come?)=Wanna come?(wanna=want to gonna=be going to)5)I got the feeling.(=I think.)6)I’m under the imparession.(=I remember.)7)The book is fat.(这本书很厚)8)a must-(h)ave(必备的)a must-see
(必看的)a must-eat
(必吃的)a must-play(必玩的)
9)I missed the beauty of„„(我曾错过的„„最美好的)b)词意TOEFL化:
student government 学生会
student council / student association 学生会 make up 补课/补考
c)词义多样化 反应顺序 考试频率 fix 修理,做饭(fix dinner)
serve 上菜,服务(网球)发球
order 订购,点菜,顺序(in order / out of order)paper 论文,报纸,身份证件,文件(papers),纸 3. 听力的思维:
a)对话场景化:听信号词/关键词→定位场景→话题 b)场景规律化
hit the spot=out of this world 棒极了(形容„好吃)it was hardly worth the money(形容食物太贵太难吃)I was broke.没钱了
save for the rainy days 存钱以备不时之需 open semame(哩语)„的开门砖,„的诀窍 c)思维学生化
TOEFL听力选项原则(适用于PART A)
1. 迅速看选项,找出其中相同、相似、相关的东西,确定场景,预测内容。2. 排除不符合TOEFL思路的选项,排除不合逻辑、常识的选项,排除读起来拗 口的选项。
3. 注意选项中的主谓及标志词。Δ主语(题)做题法: 4个选项主语不一致的时候,只要找对与对话中的主语一致的,即为正确答案。Δ标志词:如shuold表示“建议”,agree表示“同意”等等。4. 注意意思相反的两个选项,正确选项必居其一。5. 注意相似的两个选项 6. 注意有同义词的选项。7. 注意有反义词的选项。
8. 注意有同形异义词的选项。如:A.go to the park B.park the car park在对话中的含义不一样。
9. 注意数字及数字所修饰的名词n.10.在小对话题中听见什么不选什么。
TOEFL段落题题目特征: 对话2个,passage3个,一般一段4个问题。开头一条,结尾一条,终结两条。
开头:TOPIC句题:开头句型,开头语气和原词,重复率高的词:原词的数/概念 的重复。
场景:who what where why 中段:细节题 结尾题
TOEFL段落题解题思路:
1. 确定段落的主题(找相同相似相关的东西)2. 反推段落的问题
如果两个选项相似,正确答案必居其一
段落第一条是n./名词性短语,则是TOPIC题
段落中间是n/名词性短语,只要文中提到,就是正确答案。即:听到什么选什 么。
TOEFL对话段落题的题型:
1. 所听即所选(93、5、36)
2. 重复原则,重复多的就是答案(93、5、37)3. 强调原则,强调多的就是答案(93、5、38)4. 建议原则,有建议的就是考点。5.对话题结构特点:
开头:打招呼后,信息作为开头。结尾:最后一句。
TOEFL错题原因:
慢热(听时不看)Part A 走神(延长时间)连错(学会放弃)读题(先紧后松)
老题重要题型: 中间带but转折题:
1. 语气转折: 90.1.33/96.12.A14 2. 表单词多种含义 89.8.24/96.10.A2 对一般疑问句的回答: 1. 听清第二句开头的短结构 89、8、32 2. 间接回答一定表示反对 96、10、A12 3. 听不懂没关系(第二句长而绕),选一个否定答案就可以 96、8、30 4. 第一句语调特征:最后为升调 5. 第二句习语。
6. 把第一个的一般疑问句否定,就是答案。
虚拟语气题:(非直接条件句)∆ 答案反着给 eg:93.5.15 a)4种基本构成 1)if only 2)I wish 3)If clause a)与现在相反:从句用过去式,主句用would do b)与过去相反:从句用过去完成式(had p.p)主句用would have done b)注意虚拟语气的时态(虚拟语气的时态要往前推一个时态)
If I had a computer, I would have the paper in time.→ I need a computer.√
I didn’t have a computer.X(时态错)c)注意上下文的场景,注意虚拟愈气与真实条件句的区别: If he is the boss,things will be different.(真实条件句)→He is a boss.√
He isn’t a boss.√ d)正确答案的标志:
1)虚拟语气结构内部进行替换
quse: if only → ans: I wish 2)用否定直接表示实际情况(93、5、15)
3)表达一种无法实现的愿望,所以总是表达愿望不能实现的事情。regret pity bad„ a)标志结构:if only
I might have done sth if„ 90.1.A12/93.5.15 G)答案中陈述客观事实做答 98.8.国内13/98.10.19
建议题型:
第二句的建议为考点 97、1、18/97、5、8 一般参考第二句的建议
1)Why don’t you „? 建议 Why didn’t you„? 责备
2)You’d better trust him.你该相信他 You should no better than to 你本该做„ 3)hy not do„?
4)what if „? 要是这么做会„? 5)How does„sound
6)Shouldn’t „do sth? 7)What would you see to„? 你对„怎么看? 8)Have you check with sb? 有没有问过„? Have you checked sp? 你有没有去查过„地方? 9)What about „ / How about„? 10)Wouldn’t it be better if you do„? 你这样做不是更好吗? 11)It doesn’t hurt it you do„? 但做无妨 12)why+v.Why walk?(You should run!)Why run?(You should walk!)Why+v.表否定,“何必呢„”“干嘛呢„”
13)what do you think of„/ how do you like„征询意见
时间副词题:
1. 第二句出现的时间副词是考点(具体/抽象的时间)90、10、26/98、5、27 2. 时间副词的归纳及替换: 1)by and by do sth on short notice in next to no time in no time at all in two or three minutes in a/any moment minute
= quickly/fast second before long right now/away/off 2)before hand in advance = 提前 ahead of time 3)every now and then every so often every once in a while = 偶尔,有时 occasionally, sometimes at certain time on certain prrastion from time to time on and off at times
4)one step at a time
gradually A by A 结构:step / bot / little / word / piece / inch / line 5)weekly, each, yearly = every monthly 6)barely rarely hardly scarcely little 让某人做某事题:
1. 核心结构:have sb do sth / gey sb to do sth 2. 听清人名最重要 97.5.14/97.8.5 Oh,so题: 89.10.35/97、5、30 赞同题型:
标志结构:isn’t he ever„ 表示赞同 isn’t he although„
98.8.国内.8/89.1.30 偏词汇题型(生词)1.听到什么不选什么,答案中一般不带第二句的原词为对.96.1.NA.18 2.生词的意思,根据第二句问句猜意义 96.10.26 典型语气题: 1.重读,多表示抱怨、责备、不满意的语气
2.考语气词,一般出现在第二句开头 96、8、4/5 3.考语调:升调表示怀疑或不同意见,96、1、国内、23
降调表示肯定或加强语气,96、8、8/16 重复反问题型
第二句用反问语气说第一个人的话,再说出自己的话,考点为第二个人的第二句 话,一般为进一步强调或提出意见。如果听见的重复反问词为adj.,则表示加强
语气,进一步强调。如果不是adj.,则表示提出疑问。90.5.23/26 Would you mind题型 89.8.32 回答有两种: a)直接回答: not at all not at little not in the least not in the slightest b)间接回答(肯定表示反对)
Can you see I’m in the middle of sth / doing sth?(你没见我正在用„)
It’s on loan to sb.(„借给别人了)否定转移题型:
I didn’t take Tom to swim in the pool yesterday.重读Tom, 表示没带Tom 去游泳。
重读 yesterday, 表示带Tom 去游泳,但不是昨天。重读 pool,表示带Tom去游泳,但不是在游泳池。
重读 swim,表示带Tom昨天去了游泳池,但不是去游泳。这类题,否定与重读一致。Mystory题型(90、8、32)
How she managed to do it„后半句变化如下: Is a mystory to me.Is over my head.Is beyond me/my understand, Is sth I’ll never understand/figure out.Make no sense to me.提醒模式
I don’t imagine„
You haven’t done sth, have you? I was wondering if„? I don’t think„
老题十大名段: 91.5.C1:打工段 打工职责,打工感受 规律:1)找工作步骤:
check the paper(job opening)
telephone inquiry(position available time for appointment)intereview(hour salary experience)job offer(accept turn down)2)习语:
earn the bread 挣钱
bring home the bacom 挣钱
bread and butter 指生活所需品
91.1.C1:新生培训段落(oriontation)
学生思维:三大抱怨:学费上涨;食堂、宿舍太差;考试、作业、课程太多太 难
对学校相关机构评价:喜欢/不喜欢 90.5.C1:课外活动段 听的习惯:边听边看选项 与热门话题的结合:环保
93.5.C1/94、10、1 找房场景(housing)规律:住宿舍:太小,地脏,太吵,太严 tiny room空间
住公寓:太贵,东西老坏,室友难处 We can’t afford a lot.东西老坏:fix repair teilet telephone 室友:neat considerate 抱怨
修理:window is stack 窗户打不开 the sink will be clogged 水池堵了 pipe will be clogged 管道不通 wiring 电线出问题
shutter→loose 百叶窗松了 修不如买的说法:
trade it in for sth stock up on sth invest in cash in on sth pay by instalment 分期付款
down payment(分期付款的)头期 advance payment 预付某人 deposit 押金 特殊背景
92.5.C3/93、1、C3 实习段落
女生去实习,结合热门话题:保护濒危动物
题型:实习专业,女生感受,实习职责,男生疑问 职业场景要注意职业套话:开头,结尾 91.1.C2 论文段:
题型:题目难定,资料难找,打字困难 91.8.C2 缺课类 0 题型:缺课原因,所缺内容,愚蠢问题(男生)89.10.C1 评价教授与课程 评价好与坏的常用词汇:习惯用语:
1. By all means boring.(by all means = certainly)By no means interesting.(by no means ? in no way)2. Leave much to be desired(=not good)3. Leave nothing to improved(=terrific)4. It’s anything but interesting.(it’s angything but = not at all)It’s nothing but interesting.(it’s nothing but = very)5. It’s nothing short of brilliance.(nothing short of = full of)6. It’s not in the least brilliance.(not in the least = not at all)表示好的:
fascinating fabulous stimulating catching impressive thought-provoking inspiring 表示不好的:
Keep watching the clock.I keep counting the time/minutes.doze off I couldn’t catch./follow/figure out/make any sense out of it/make heads or tails of it.I can hardly stay awake/alert.I can hardly keep awake/alert.I can hardly concerntrate.89.1.C1 选课段
选课规律:先选入门课;再上高级课;不管怎么选,教授先同意。
特色词汇:入门课:intro course basic course prorequisite course 高级?:upper-lever course advanced course 报名上的„课:sign up for register„ 上„课:take 旁听:audit 退课:drop/refund„
教授同意:approval permission signature 选修课:optional course 必修课:required course 免选修课:waive one’s requirement 有学分课:credit course 无学分课:non-credit course 转学分:transfer 90.1.C1/89.1.C2 复合型段子(谈专业的讲课段)听专业内容,原文做答
开头,结尾,强调,解释,所有套话。92.1.C2 体育类段子
运动的目的:锻炼而不是比赛
for exersice for enjoy for relax 注意事项、细节
90.5.C3/90、8、C3:发明史段子: 顺序对应(问题与文章顺序对应)人名与时间
新技术(产品、趋势、发展、发明、事物)advantages disadvantages usages 发展史十大信号词: history development origih features characteristics invention creation innoration evolution 以上答案中有the +~+of,以上十词中的一个,就是正确答案,一般这种词出现
在该段大TOPIC题中。环境类段子:
1. 环境污染的巨大危害:damage worsen degrade 2. 造成污染的原因:农药、杀虫剂使用的残余(residue)及颗粒(particle)对人类的危害 3. 解决办法
TOEFL中十大抱怨语(某个单词的重读)抱怨选课多
‘enough of it 抱怨考试难
It was ‘supporsed to be easy.抱怨物价高
‘Some bargain.抱怨老下雨(在picnic场景中)It ‘never fails.邮局场景,抱怨邮政服务不满意 It took ‘forever to arrive.抱怨某事值不值得做
It was hardly worth sth.男生没钱场景
I never seem to have enough money.噪音场景
There is not a whole lot you can do.市内噪音场景
The noise drive sb crazy/mad/nuts/out of one’s mind/up to wall.新题十大场景系列 课堂学习篇
1. Note场景(笔记场景)
规律:记笔记,考笔记,借笔记,字难认
搞不懂:understand make sense figure out 考笔记:be losed on 字难认:make out recognize习语:take nokes write down take down put down jot down(非常潦草 的写下)„base on the notes illegible Could you borrow me your notes ? Could I lend your notes? Could I use your notes? Could you let me use your notes?
2. 作业场景:
规律:想迟交,不可能
习语:想迟交:turn in hand in 不让迟交:extension extra time more time I want three-day extension of my paper.作业project概念:paper(论文):essay(最短的),thesis(硕士论文),dissertation(博士论文)
team paper 学期论文 team project 学期作业 book report 读书报告
lab report 实验报告 presentation 发言 assignment 作业
3. 论文场景:
规律:题目难定(太大):broad too broad a topic to write 资料难找(太多):too much material to cover 多找教授(时间):avilable 打字困难(机房)(结合computer room场景):机少人多想买电脑
电脑词汇:word processor文字处理器(电脑)save it on disk存在硬盘上
save a backup存备份 break down电脑坏了 wiped out(由于停电文件)被冲 掉 laptop笔记本电脑 desktop台式电脑 ink jet喷墨式打印机 有点眉目很高兴,教授还得先同意。
习语:have trouble doing have problem doing have pert-time doing have difficulty doing
缩小题目:narrow down the topic 教授同意:approval permission signature
4.考试场景:
规律:永远难 worse supposed to be easy , but turned out to be difficult.(原本应该容易,但是很难 不推迟 delay postpone put it out 分数低 perfect grate 满分(5分制的)passing grate 及格 failing 不及格
不好受(心情)down feel down
5.熬夜场景:
规律:常熬夜(男)be uo 不熬夜(女)wise 喝咖啡(男)不想戒(男)思路:不赞成熬夜习语:night and day work against/around the clock stay/be/sit up on night doing sth make a night of it(熬夜学习)
6.评价教授场景:
小对话评价:一般不好。段落题评价:一般较好。
规律:不迟到,不早退,常拖课。要求严,出题难,给分低。
特色表达:见老题十大名段的“评价教授“。
Think much/little of sb look up to sb崇拜某人 look down upon sb看不
起某人
He is somrthing/big potato.他真了不起 He is nothing/small potato.他 可不怎么样。
89.8.16 89.10.C1 96.12.1 关于讲课:考点:主题,观点,强调,解释(89.1.C2.41-45)
7. 课桌场景:
规律:乱,找不着,是否清理 clear off 1). 与家具有关,学生常会move 2). 课桌上一定乱,找不到东西要整理
8. 书店场景:
规律:有买/没有买 avilable 有货/没有货 in stock out of stock run out of缺货
印/不印 in print out of print 过时与否 date it current平装/精装 paper back hard back
9. 图书馆场景:
规律:还书是否及时 return 注意时间状语 是否罚款 fine
10.选课场景(注意词汇)
1)先学入门课,后上高级课,不管怎么选,教授得同意。(89、1、C先1)2)三大顾虑:太多too much 太难too hard 有无基础basic course 3)课程太难,辛勤不好
5)少选明智,多选犯傻,时刻准备退课 drop
11.读书场景
规律:A:你觉得这本书„?/能不能读?/这么快读完?
12.选校场景:
规律:学校名气,学校性质
特色表达:reputation(public/private/community)tuition(afford)inpidual attention(class size)location large city Vs small town might person party animal big fish in a small pond鸡头 small fish in a big pond凤尾 13.电话场景
It’s through.接通了
Put me through to sb帮我接通某人 Listen for my phone.替我听电话
Got back to you on sth.过会儿打给你 Return the call./Call back.Dail telephone bill电话帐单 collcet call受话方付费 he’s on/off the phone他在打电话呢
The line is busy/engaged.占线
别挂电话:Don’t hang up.Hold on.Hold the line.Hang on.课外生活篇 :
1. Housing场景: 90、8、A1 规律:住房难,不愿搬,抱怨多,怕长钱(rent),简装修,少花钱(offord),家具往哪儿摆,要开windows 词汇:sublet转租 housing-sitting看房 roomate-wanted征室友
apartment-hunting校外租房 throw wild parties疯狂举办晚会 make a fuss vaccum the room polish擦 walk the(cat„)带(猫„)散步,指带宠物
rent(afford)quietness location(on/off
新东方笔记2009笔记大总结
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